磷酸铵在(NH_4)_3PO_4-(NH_4)_2WO_4-NH_4OH-H_2O系中溶解度研究

采用等温结晶法研究了磷酸铵在(NH_4)_3PO_4-(NH_4)_2WO_4-NH_4OH-H_2O系中的溶解度。结果表明:低温、高氨浓度下(NH_4)_3PO_4-(NH_4)_2WO_4-NH_4OH-H_2O系中磷酸铵的溶解度非常小,易溶的磷酸铵表现出难溶的特征。温度10℃、氨含量15.6%(质量分数)时,磷酸铵的溶解度可低至0.02%(质量分数,P_2O_5);钨酸铵浓度对磷酸铵溶解度的影响很小;白钨矿磷酸铵分解液氨盐析-冷却结晶回收磷酸铵过程钨基本不结晶析出。研究结果为白钨矿磷酸铵分解液高效回收磷酸铵和初步脱磷奠定了理论基础。     

离子交换法在钨冶炼工业中的应用

一、前言黑钨精矿冶炼过程中,从粗Na_2WO_4溶液转变为(NH_4)_2WO_4溶液,这段工艺主要起着净化As、P、SiO_2、Na、S等杂质的作用。一般采用经典工艺和现代萃取工艺二种方法较多。经典工艺包括从粗Na_2WO_4溶液净化,白钨沉淀,盐酸分解、洗涤到氨溶浸出等工序,主要缺点是流程长,回收率低,操作环     

钨酸铵溶液中硝酸铬除磷工艺研究

在(NH_4)_2WO_4溶液中采用Cr(NO3)3沉淀法深度除P,系统考察了Cr(NO3)3添加量、反应温度、反应时间、(NH_4)_2WO_4溶液pH值和初始P浓度对除P效果的影响。结果表明,在Cr添加量为理论量3倍、温度55℃、时间120min、(NH_4)_2WO_4溶液pH值9.81、初始P浓度37.4mg/L的优化条件下,除P后(NH_4)_2WO_4溶液中的残留P浓度为14.95mg/L,满足制备APT-0级产品的要求。     

APT连续结晶的工艺与设备

APT(仲钨酸铵,下同)是以下列分子式表示的白色晶体:5(NH_4)_20.12WO_3·XH_2O,此处X=5、7或1 1,控制不同的工艺条件,可分别得到,X=5、7或1 1的结晶.其中,最常用者为X=5的A P T。由于APT的特性,大部分钨粉鉗制取都要以     

由仲钨酸铵结晶母液提钨的工艺方法

<正> 湿法冶炼制取仲钨酸铵时,无论是经典APT工艺还是萃取、离子交换提钨新工艺,均会产生含钨及其它杂质的结晶母液。母液中钨以(NH_4)_2WO_4溶液形式存在,成分见表1,其钨含量约占投料钨量的15—20％。因此,有效地将母液中的钨提取出来,对于提高钨实收率和降成低本极为重要。国内外对结晶母液的回收提钨工艺,均进行过大量的研究,目前有多种方法应用于生产。归纳起来可分为常规工艺和新工艺两类。     

锂辉石硫酸法碳铵沉锂新工艺研究

碳铵沉锂新工艺研究是将锂辉石硫酸法的完成液(Li_2SO_4 溶液)用 NH_4HCO_3 代替 Na_2CO_3沉淀 Li_2CO_3,粗品精制得 Li_2CO_3 产品;沉锂后的母液蒸发浓缩制得 Li_2SO_4·(NH_4)_2SO_4复盐,返回沉锂;热母液冷冻析出副产品(NH_4)_2SO_4,冷母液再返回蒸发浓缩的循环过程。     

白钨矿络合浸出液净化除杂及制备仲钨酸铵

研究了采用氯化铵沉淀、氨水溶解两步法从白钨矿的盐酸-磷酸络合浸出液中净化去除杂质铁、磷、钼及制备仲钨酸铵。结果表明:氯化铵沉淀后得到(NH_4~+)_3[PW_(12)O_(40)]·9.5H_2O固体,用去离子水对其调浆后加氨水溶解,然后在一定条件下加氧化剂除铁、加氯化镁除磷、加硫酸铜除钼,最后蒸发得到仲钨酸铵(NH_4~+)_3[PW_(12)O_(40)]·9.5H_2O晶体。研究为白钨矿络合浸出液的净化除杂及生产仲钨酸铵提供了一种可供选择的方法。     

Na2WO4的溶剂萃取转化

本文研究了用 N235-TBP-煤油体系将较高浓度 Na_2WO_4溶液转化成高浓度(NH_4)_2WO_4溶液的萃取工艺。年产100tWO_3的半工业实验表明,强化反萃取过程的传质和降低酸浓度是克服反萃取过程中形成 APT 的有效方法。     

从工作溶液中回收钼和铼

美国矿务局研究成功了一种从工作溶液中用溶剂萃取和碳吸附法回收钼和铼的综合工艺。这种工艺要求用 SO_2处理溶液,以便在用叔胺溶剂萃取钼和铼以前减少氯酸盐离子和调整 PH 值。钼和铼是用NH_4OH 溶液从有机相中反萃的,然后反液通过活性碳优先吸附铼。用盐溶液洗掉进入碳柱的钼以后,再用 MoOH—H_2O 混合液洗提铼。活性碳用水再生。蒸发碳柱的淋洗液,钼以(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_(24)形式回收。碳柱洗提液中的铼用叔胺萃取,并用稀释的 NH_4OH 从有机相中反萃,蒸发反萃液,以(NH_4)ReO_4形式回收铼。最终产品(NH_4)ReO_4含杂质小于80PPM。将第一次溶剂萃取的残液温度降低到0℃,硫酸钠结晶。有机溶液中含的贵重金属用活性碳吸附。     

氨溶-蒸发结晶制取仲钨酸铵和三氧化钨试验研究

粗钨酸是黑钨精矿酸解作业后的产品,可以作为制取仲钨酸铵和三氧化钨的原料,实验对粗钨酸进行了氨溶、氨渣碱溶、蒸发结晶等工序进行条件试验.在较优条件试验的基础上进行了综合试验,得出如下结论:推荐流程只采用一次氨溶,氨渣中残留的钨用碱浸回收;黑钨精矿经盐酸分解后获得的粗钨酸直接采用氨溶-蒸发结晶流程处理可获得含WO388.4...     

氧化钨物理特征的分析

对铵钨青铜((NH_4)_(0.5)WO_3,ATB)、氢钨青铜(H_(0.33)WO_3,HTB)、紫色氧化钨(W_(18)O_(49),TVO)和蓝色氧化钨(WO_3+WO_(2.9),TBO)4种氧化钨粉的氮气吸附/脱附等温线数据的分析,获得了其表面积、微孔体积、微孔分布、中孔体积、平均孔径和分数维维数等物理参数。结果表明:TVO粉末具有最大的中孔体积、最小的微孔体积、最窄的孔径分布、最小的分数维维数和最大的平均孔径,有利于氢还原制取超细钨粉,而不利于掺杂工艺。HTB粉末具有最大的微孔体积,最宽的孔径分布,最高的分数维维数和最小的平均孔径,对于掺杂工艺来说是有利的。ATB和TBO的上述参数介于TVO和HTB的参数之间。     

Studies on NaLn(WO_4)_2 Single Crystals(Ln=La,Pr,Nd)

The crystals of NaLn(WO4)_2(Ln=La,Pr,Nd)are grown from a melt of LiCl-Na_2WO_4 flux by slowcooling method.The chemical analysis data show that the crystals are NaLa(WO_4)_2,NaPr(WO4)_2 andNaNd(WO_4)_2 respectively.The structures of the crystals are ascertained that they belong to scheelite structureof the tetragonal system with a space group of 14_1/a.The lattice parameters of the crystals have beencalculated.It is found that the cell volume of NaLn(WO_4)_2 crystals decrease with a decrease of Ln~(3 )radius.The bond distances and their angles in NaLa(WO_4)_2 and NaNd(WO_4)_2 are given.It is found that inaccordance with the decrease of ionic radii of Ln~(3 )due to increase of atomic number,the bond distances betweenLn-O,Ln-Ln and W-O decrease regularly.The infrared spectra of NaLn(WO_4)_2 are measured.Thetetrahedra characteristic absorptions of WO_4~(2-)are shown.The sensitization of host lattice is observed from theexcitation and fluorescent spectra of NaLa(WO_4)_2 and NaPr(WO_4)_2.     

离子交换法生产APT过程中除钙的工艺探讨

详细介绍了离子交换法生产ＡＰＴ（仲钨酸铵）过程中杂质钨的形成原因及其消除方法。指出生产中杂质钙主要来源于生产用水及氯化铵材料，并以ＣａＷＯ４的形式存在；工艺上可采取使用纯水替代自来水、定期用酸碱处理离子交换树脂过滤分离的方法，消除钙的影响，提高产品ＡＰＴ的质量。     

Synthesis and Properties of Tb^3＋-Doped CaxSr1-xWO4

Tb^3 -doped CaxSr1-xWO4 was prepared by solid state reaction and characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry. According to X-ray diffraction, this material belongs to tetragonal system, which is consistent with space group 141/α. Lattice parameters in the systems CaxSr1-xWO4 were found to vary linearly with compositions. The emission and excitation spectra were measured. The miscibility, luminescence properties of Tb^3 -doped CaxSr1-xWO4 and energy transfer mechanism were discussed.     

Bi_2WO_6 doped with rare earth ions:Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic activity under simulated solar irradiation

Rare-earth modification Bi_2 WO_6 composites(RE/Bi_2 WO_6) were studied by experimental performance and theory computation based on the different 4 f orbits of selected rare earth elements(La,Ce,Gd,and Yb).The prepared RE/Bi_2 WO_6 was characterized by XRD,SEM/TEM,XPS,UV-vis DRS,and N_2 adsorption to learn their physical-chemical properties.Azo dye Rhodamine B(RhB) was photodegraded as a target pollutant to investigate the photocatalytic activity of prepared RE/Bi_2 WO_6 composites.The results of experiment and computation show that four rare earth elements with different electron configurations retain the phase and morphology of Bi_2 WO_6 and enhance the removal efficiency of RhB under simulated solar irradiation.The optimum doping contents are 0.01%,0.05%,0.05% and 0.01% for La-,Ce-,Gd-,and Yb-doped Bi_2 WO_6,respectively.However,light rare earth La and Ce doped composites indicate some difference in visible light adso rption capacity and mineralization on RhB co mpared with heavy rare earth Gd and Yb doped composites.Both La/Bi_2 WO_6 and Ce/Bi_2 WO_6 possess larger pore size and higher mineralization ability than Gd/Bi_2 WO_6 and Yb/Bi_2 WO_6 under the same experimental conditions while Gd/Bi_2 WO_6 and Yb/Bi_2 WO_6 show stronger red shift to the visible light due to the more 4 f electrons.The hole oxidation plays a major role in the photodegradation of RhB by all RE/Bi_2 WO_6.     

Structure and Luminescent Enhancement Effect of Na_5Eu(MoO_4)_4 by Doping(WO_4)~(2-)

The luminescent enhancement effect of Na_5Eu(MoO_4)_4 by doping(WO_4)~(2-) has been studied.When the value x in Na_5Eu(Mo_(1-x)W_xO_4)_4 is in 0相似文献   

Na2WO4-ZnO-WO3熔盐体系表面张力的研究

采用拉筒法测定了800～950℃范围内Na2WO4 ZnO WO3熔盐体系的表面张力。结果表明:该体系的表面张力与温度成线性关系,随着温度的升高而降低;在同一温度下,熔盐中的阴离子结构随着WO3摩尔含量的增加趋于复杂,表面张力降低,随ZnO摩尔含量的增加趋于简单,表面张力升高;组元ZnO对表面张力的影响比组元WO3大。     

新型稀土电极材料

介绍了添加稀土氧化物的新型电极材料钨镧、钨钇及随行料钨铈、钨锆的研制过程,并列出了其主要工艺参数和材料电性能测定结果。通过组织和性能分析认为:Y_2O_3对细化合金粉及烧结合金晶粒度的作用最明显,以W_4O_(11)为基添加氧化物比以WO_3为基的性能优良。并且通过电弧特性的比较得出,在研制的几种电极材料中,新型电极材料WLa_(15)性能最佳。     

提钒尾液回收硫酸钠、硫酸铵的研究

以某企业现场提钒尾液蒸发浓缩结晶物为原料,采用中温焙烧技术回收其中的硫酸钠、硫酸铵。中温焙烧主要采用闪蒸干燥一回转窑焙烧,使混合结晶物中的硫酸铵分解以获得纯度较高的硫酸钠。结果表明,闪蒸干燥后原料中水分可由20％降至1％;回转窑焙烧温度为400℃、焙烧时间为0．5h时,焙烧产物中硫酸铵含量可降至1％以下。回收所得硫酸钠可作为硫化钠生产原料;所得副产物氨气、二氧化硫和三氧化硫（少量）可制成硫酸铵返回钒氧化物沉淀工序使用。     

Fabrication of W–20%Cu composite powder from copper and tungsten salts

Abstract

An investigation has been made to prepare homogeneous powders of CuWO₄ and WO₃ from ammonium paratungstate and copper nitrate to prepare nanosized W–Cu powder. Hence, a mixture of ammonium paratungstate and copper nitrate with predetermined weight proportion was made in distilled water; while the content of the beaker was being stirred at a certain speed to reach the desired composition of W–20 wt-%Cu. Mixture was heated to 80–100°C for 6 h. Also, pH range was adjusted at about 3–4. The mixture was then evaporated and dried in the air. To reach W–Cu composite powder, the precursor powders burned out at 520°C for 2 h in the air to form W–Cu oxide powder and then were ball milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere to convert it into W–Cu composite powder. The resulting powders were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis techniques. The results showed that homogeneous powders of W–Cu with particle size of ～100 nm and a nearly spherical shape could be obtained by this process.