矿用汽车油气悬架系统建模与仿真

以WC5铰接式矿用汽车的油气悬架系统为研究对象,建立了包括刚度、阻尼、摩擦等因素的油气悬架系统非线性数学模型,并对油气悬架系统刚度特性和阻尼特性进行分析;分析表明,蓄能器初始条件直接决定着油气悬架的刚度特性,增大悬架缸的内径,减小单向阀、阻尼孔的直径则产生的阻尼力增大,这为矿用汽车油气悬架系统的设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

重型多轴车辆互连油气悬架特性分析

以重型多轴车辆互连悬架系统为研究对象,建立了四轴互连油气悬架液压系统数学模型。模型中考虑了管路沿程压力损失、局部压力损失和油缸活塞杆运动摩擦力的影响,并进行仿真分析,通过台架试验验证了模型的正确性。基于互连油气悬架液压系统数学模型,对比分析了垂向和侧倾工况下互连悬架和独立悬架的刚度和阻尼特性,以及对互连悬架阻尼特性进行参数化分析。结果表明：在垂向工况下,互连悬架蓄能器内气体体积变化量相当于各活塞杆进出油缸的体积,与独立悬架蓄能器内气体体积变化量相等,因此互连悬架与独立悬架刚度特性相同,但其阻尼力大于独立悬架;侧倾工况下,互连悬架在增加侧倾刚度的同时也明显增大了阻尼力。两种工况下,独立悬架阻尼特性不变,互连悬架阻尼力随单向阀直径增大、阻尼阀直径增大、油管直径增大、油缸内径减小和活塞杆直径增大而减小。     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的油气悬架非线性阻尼特性分析

结合国产某型半车架拖拉机的振动特性,设计了一种阻尼可调式前轴油气悬架。在分析其工作原理的基础上,建立了油气悬架数学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink研究和分析了油气悬架的非线性阻尼特性。研究结果表明:油气悬架的阻尼具有明显的非线性特性;活塞阻尼孔的个数和尺寸变化改变油气悬架阻尼的示功图和速度特性曲线;可调节流阀的过流面积只改变油气悬架还原行程的阻尼特性,对压缩行程的阻尼影响不明显;外界激励的频率和幅值对阻尼的示功图有显著影响,但不改变阻尼的速度特性曲线。     

单气室油气弹簧阻尼特性及其影响因素分析

针对某重型特种车辆平顺性研究中单气室油气弹簧阻尼特性的研究问题,基于薄壁小孔理论和范德瓦尔实际气体状态方程,同时根据单气室油气弹簧的结构特点和阻尼的组成建立了相应的阻尼力特性模型,并推导了阻尼系数方程。利用MATLAB软件进行仿真,研究了单气室油气弹簧阻尼特性以及激振频率、幅值、自身结构参数对阻尼系数速度特性的影响。研究结果表明:单气室油气弹簧阻尼特性具有较好的非线性,在压缩阶段的阻尼力较拉伸阶段的大,能够较好地缓解冲击,达到减振效果从而改善车辆行驶平顺性;激振频率和幅值属于外因,仅影响阻尼系数的取值范围,而对其取值及曲率几乎无影响;阻尼系数随活塞杆外径、油管直径的减小而增大,随油管长度的减小而减小。研究结果能对整车振动特性研究中阻尼参数的选取及油气弹簧阻尼特性设计优化等工作提供较为系统的理论支持。     

可调减振器阻尼特性试验研究

研制了基于旁通节流孔的新型节流孔可调减振器样机,试验研究了复原阀系活塞孔口直径、复原阀片数、限位阀外径、旁通节流孔直径对减振器阻尼力的影响。试验结果表明:活塞节流孔直径的减小、复原阀片数的增加和限位阀外径的增大都会导致减振器阻尼力增大,其中,活塞节流孔直径和限位阀外径对阻尼力影响较大。在旁通节流孔直径为0～4mm范围内,减振器阻尼力随着旁通节流孔直径的增大而减小,当旁通节流孔直径大于4mm后,减振器的阻尼力变化不大。压缩阻尼力受旁通节流孔直径的影响较小。试验研究结果为旁通节流孔式阻尼可调减振器的设计提供了依据。     

拖拉机前桥油气悬架系统振动响应特性试验研究

以常发CF700型拖拉机为研究对象,对拖拉机前桥油气悬架进行了研究。建立前桥悬架拖拉机3自由度振动模型,运用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真研究前桥悬架参数对拖拉机振动特性的影响,综合考虑选取前桥悬架刚度系数120~160 k N/m,阻尼系数8~10 k N·s/m。根据拖拉机前桥悬架的参数要求,设计了刚度和阻尼均可调的油气弹簧悬架系统。建立了1/4拖拉机振动模型,模拟拖拉机前桥悬架的实际工况载荷,对自行设计的油气弹簧进行了1/4车体试验,试验研究了悬架位移传递率及簧上质量的振动加速度响应特性。试验结果表明:位移传递率随激振频率的增高而减小,并没有出现共振的现象,整个振动过程呈现过阻尼的状态;振动加速度均方根值随激振频率的增高而增大,而簧上质量的响应振动加速度都明显小于激振台的振动加速度,轮胎动载荷响应随着正弦激振频率的增大而逐渐增加。所设计的油气弹簧有效地抑制了振动,能够提高拖拉机的行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性。该研究为后期开发前桥悬架半主动油气弹簧系统提供了重要的理论依据。     

单缸油气悬架阻尼孔压力特性建模分析

油气悬架阻尼孔的工作和结构参数对其压力特性有重要影响。根据其结构特点和工作原理,建立单缸油气悬挂试验台数学模型,采用AMESim搭建试验台单缸系统的仿真模型。对比分析初始条件阻尼孔尺寸、蓄能器充气压力、激励频率等对阻尼孔压力的影响;并对比了不同的阻尼孔直径,不同的充气压力和激励频率下油气悬架数学模型和仿真模型的结果。对数学模型和仿真模型中气体多变指数和阻尼孔流量系数进行修正,对比分析修正后阻尼孔压力和悬架的输出特性。结果表明:气体多变指数和阻尼孔流量系数均会对阻尼空压力产生较大影响;气体多变指数会随着激励频率的升高依线性规律增加;阻尼孔流量系数取值应偏大;试验结果验证了仿真模型的准确性,为进一步研究提供理论和模型参考。     

温度对连通式油气悬架特性的影响

为研究温度对连通式油气悬架特性的影响，基于其工作原理建立连通式油气悬架刚度、阻尼力的数学模型与车辆动力学模型，并在Simulink中搭建车辆整车仿真模型。在三种不同的温度下对连通式油气悬架进行特性试验，结合仿真与试验数据，结果显示：连通式油气悬架在20℃与40℃时的阻尼特性基本不变，当温度达到60℃时，悬架的阻尼特性降低，且油气悬架的仿真与试验误差增大，但曲线变化趋势相同。连通式油气悬架刚度不仅与活塞杆位移有关，并且随着温度的升高而增加，温度越高，刚度增大越快。     

利用MATLAB/Simulink的油气悬架输出力分析

结合某型非公路作业车辆的振动特性设计了一种阻尼可调的油气悬架结构,在分析其工作原理的基础上,建立了油气悬架的输出力数学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件对油气悬架输出力-位移特性和输出力-速度特性进行了仿真研究。通过改变油气悬架的自身结构参数(氮气室内气体的初始工作参数、活塞阻尼孔参数及可调节流阀过流直径等)和位移激励参数(幅值和频率),得到各参数对输出力的影响规律。研究结果表明:氮气室初始充气压力不影响油气悬架输出力-位移特性和输出力-速度特性曲线的形状,而活塞阻尼孔直径与个数、可调节流阀过流直径、外部位移激励的幅值与频率等参数对悬架输出力有较大影响,尤其对复原行程影响显著。     

单气室油气悬架平顺性仿真分析

对一种单气室油气悬架的结构与工作原理进行了描述,结合其工作原理推导了阻尼特性的数学模型,以此为理论基础利用AMESim软件搭建了油气悬架的仿真模型,并进行了油气悬架阻尼特性的仿真试验,结合台架试验数据验证了仿真模型的正确性,分析了阻尼孔、单向阀系参数对油气悬架阻尼特性的影响。然后,进一步搭建了油气悬架二自自度模型,以车身加速度、悬架动行程、车轮动位移为指标考察了油气悬架的平顺性能,与传统悬架系统性能进行了对比。研究结果表明:该单气室油气悬架可以较好地提高车辆行驶平顺性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.