CNT改性连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管(CNT)改性连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料是实现复合材料高性能化的重要途径.本文从CNT改性纤维和复合材料层间CNT改性两个方面,论述了CNT改性连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料的改性效果,讨论了该领域的研究现状.     

超临界流体中碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其性能研究

扼要介绍了近年来在利用超临界流体特性制备碳纳米管复合材料方面的研究工作，主要包括超临界水、超临界CO2混合流体和其它超临界流体中金属或金属氧化物，碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其相关性能研究。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料的结构与导电性能

采用超声波辅助溶液共混的方式制备多壁碳纳米管/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料,采用扫描电镜及广角X衍射仪对复合材料的微观相态结构进行了分析,对复合材料的物理机械性能及导电性能进行了测试.结果表明:采用溶液混合并用超声辅助分散的方法可使纳米多壁碳纳米管在PMMA基体中分散良好,在碳纳米管含量较低的情况下就可以获得导电性能及物理机械性能良好的复合材料.     

碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的实验研究-- 碳纳米管用量对复合材料性能的影响

采用机械混合方法制备碳纳米管／天然橡胶复合材料,随着碳纳米管添加量的增加,橡胶材料微观结构的均匀性下降,DSC曲线中结晶熔融峰面积逐渐减小,同时橡胶硫化返原现象减轻,硫化样品的交联度有所降低。碳纳米管在橡胶样品中显示出补强效应,碳纳米管复合材料的回弹、压缩疲劳性能明显优于炭黑补强样品,但其拉伸、撕裂性能水平较低。     

填料对聚丙烯导热复合材料导电和流变性能的影响

分别制备了炭黑、碳纳米管、炭黑/碳纳米管简单共混以及炭黑碳纳米管化学键合聚丙烯复合材料,研究了不同体系的导热、导电和流变性能。研究发现,使用炭黑/碳纳米管简单共混或化学键合掺杂的复合材料热导率分别达到0.60W/mk和0.63 W/mk,而使用炭黑或碳纳米管杂化的组分热导率仅仅为0.36 W/mk和0.45 W/mk。掺杂碳纳米管或炭黑/碳纳米管简单共混填料的复合材料体积电阻下降了6个数量级,而掺杂炭黑或炭黑/碳纳米管化学键合填料的复合材料均有较好的绝缘性。掺杂杂化组分后,复合材料均出现了剪切变稀现象,在储能模量与频率曲线上低频区出现"第二平台",但掺杂炭黑/碳纳米管化学键合样品的第二平台极微弱。微观结构发现填料在基体中分散良好,填料间形成了很好的架桥。研究结果表明,简单使用炭黑、碳纳米管掺杂对复合材料的热导率改善不佳,使用炭黑/碳纳米管简单混合虽能大幅提高热导率,但影响复合材料的绝缘性能,而将炭黑/碳纳米管化学键合后可满足制备导热绝缘复合材料的要求。     

聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐修饰碳纳米管增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能

采用混合溶剂的溶液法技术,对聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)包覆碳纳米管(MWNTs)与聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料的电学和力学性能进行了研究。PP-g-MAH包覆MWNTs在二甲苯溶液中呈现良好的分散性,红外结果表明,酸化碳纳米管后表面官能团如羟基、羧基与马来酸酐发生氢键作用。场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)也证明了PP-g-MAH修饰MWNTs在PP基体中分散良好,并且相容性也得到了明显改善。复合材料的拉伸强度和电导率都有较大的提高,其中导电性相比未处理碳管/聚丙烯提高了两个数量级。     

碳纳米管改性硅橡胶研究

利用溶液混合的方法制备了碳纳米管硅橡胶复合材料,并对复合材料的力学、电学、热学等性能进行了研究.结果表明采用溶液混合并用超声辅助分散的方法可以获得表面光洁平整、分散较好和具有良好弹性的导电硅橡胶.2%(质量分数)的碳纳米管能使硅橡胶的抗拉强度提高一倍,7.5%质量分数)的碳纳米管就能使硅橡胶的电阻率下降10个数量级.另外,通过碳纳米管改性的硅橡胶复合材料的电阻率在外力作用下,明显存在弛豫现象;DSC测试也表明,碳纳米管的加入提高了硅橡胶的热稳定性,而且5%(质量分数)的碳纳米管能使复合材料的热氧化分解温度提高了32℃.     

碳纳米管聚合物复合材料弹性模量预测模型研究进展

碳纳米管具有优异的力学、电学、光学和磁学等性能,是聚合物复合材料理想的增强体。弹性模量是材料重要的力学性能参数之一,本文介绍了近年来碳纳米管聚合物复合材料弹性模量的研究状况,综述了混合法则、Hashin-Shtrikman模型、Cox模型、Halpin-Tsai模型和数值模拟法预测碳纳米管聚合物复合材料弹性模量的方法,并提出了研究中面临的一些问题以及发展方向。     

全氟辛基季胺碘化物改性碳纳米管对天然橡胶胶乳性能的影响

用水溶性的阳离子表面活性剂全氟辛基季胺碘化物FC-134对碳纳米管进行非共价键改性,并用液相法制备改性碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料,研究了改性碳纳米管对天然橡胶复合材料的影响。结果表明,改性碳纳米管在水介质中具有很好的稳定性。佩恩效应表明,碳纳米管经过表面修饰增强了与橡胶的相互作用,降低了碳纳米管之间的相互作用。橡胶加工分析仪的结果表明,碳纳米管均匀地分散到复合材料中。与未改性碳纳米管/天然橡胶胶乳复合材料相比,改性碳纳米管/天然橡胶胶乳复合材料硫化胶的撕裂强度提高了65%,拉伸强度提高了29%。     

新型锂电池负极复合材料硅/无定形碳/碳纳米管的制备及性能研究

通过高温裂解蔗糖混合纳米硅和碳纳米管,得到硅/无定形碳/碳纳米管复合材料.实验结果表明,复合材料的首次放电容量高达1315.4mAh/g,首次充放电效率为72.4%,经过20次充放电循环后可逆容量仍高达830.5mAh/g.具有良好弹性的碳纳米管组成的网状结构使复合材料能保持较好的形貌,而碳纳米管优良的导电性可以使更多...     

Effects of CNT diameter on mechanical properties of aligned CNT sheets and composites

Drawing, winding, and pressing techniques were used to produce horizontally aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets from free-standing vertically aligned CNT arrays. The aligned CNT sheets were used to develop aligned CNT/epoxy composites through hot-melt prepreg processing with a vacuum-assisted system. Effects of CNT diameter change on the mechanical properties of aligned CNT sheets and their composites were examined. The reduction of the CNT diameter considerably increased the mechanical properties of the aligned CNT sheets and their composites. The decrease of the CNT diameter along with pressing CNT sheets drastically enhanced the mechanical properties of the CNT sheets and CNT/epoxy composites. Raman spectra measurements showed improvement of the CNT alignment in the pressed CNT/epoxy composites. Research results suggest that aligned CNT/epoxy composites with high strength and stiffness are producible using aligned CNT sheets with smaller-diameter CNTs.     

紫外-可见光谱分析碳纳米管电泳液浓度对阴极场发射性能的影响

将酸化的碳纳米管(CNT)粉末、硝酸镁置于异丙醇溶剂中超声处理,制备成分散均匀的CNT电泳液.采用不同CNT浓度的电泳液在CrCuCr电极上电泳沉积CNT薄膜,并对阴极样品进行场发射性能测试;同时采用紫外-可见光谱仪对CNT电泳液进行光谱分析.结果表明,CNT浓度为0~0.13 g/L的电泳液在258 nm处存在光谱吸收,且其吸光度与相应CNT浓度呈良好的线性关系;当CNT浓度为0.12 g/L时电泳沉积制备的CNT阴极场发射性能较好,其开启电场为0.903 V/μm,当电场强度为1.395 V/μm时场发射电流密度为2.903 mA/cm2.利用紫外-可见光谱可以有效地分析电泳液中CNT浓度,为电泳沉积良好质量的CNT薄膜提供了保证.     

CNT composites for aerospace applications

Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by thermal arc plasma process after optimization of the synthesis parameters. These samples were then analysed by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM), in order to establish the morphology of the nanostructures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron diffraction studies were also carried out before using the sample for the composite material preparation. Composites of epoxy resin with curing agent as well as a mixture of graphite and carbon nanotubes were prepared with varying proportions of the mixture. The electrical resistivity of the material was studied under varying pressure and voltage conditions. Preliminary results of these studies present interesting features which are reported here.     

碳纳米管表面处理对碳纳米管/氟橡胶复合材料形貌及界面作用的影响

采用溶液浇注法制备了碳蚋米管(CNTs)/氟橡胶纳米复合材料,并对不同表面状态的碳纳米管(原始碳纳米管,酸处理碳蚋米管、CF<,4>等离子体处理碳纳米管)在复合材料中的分散以及碳蚋米管与氟橡胶的界面作用进行了研究.研究结果表明,经CF<,4>等离子体处理后的碳纳米管在氟橡胶中的分散性明显优于混酸处理碳纳米管,激光显微拉...     

利用预制块制备碳纳米管/铸钢复合材料

采用熔炼浇注技术制备碳纳米管铸钢复合材料.通过在钢液中加入含有碳纳米管的预制块,制备了碳纳米管/铸钢复合材料,利用扫描电镜及拉曼光谱检测,在钢基体中观察到碳纳米管的存在,显示碳纳米管可经受高温浇注过程,且结构特征未被破坏.结果表明,利用预制块使用熔炼技术能够将低比重的碳纳米管加入高比重的钢中.     

Influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) on the mechanical properties of LLDPE/CNT nanocomposite fibers

The present study shows the effect of adding CNT to linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to produce LLDPE/CNT nanocomposite fibers. The LLDPE/CNT fibers were produced by melt extrusion process using a twin-screw extruder, in a controlled temperature from 160 °C to 275 °C. Further, melt extrusion process was followed by drawing of fibers at the room temperature. Three different weight percentages, 0.08, 0.3 and 1 wt.% of CNT were studied for producing nanocomposite fibers. The addition of 1 wt.% CNT in the LLDPE fiber has increased the tensile strength by 38% (350 MPa). The addition of 0.08 and 0.3 wt.% CNT in the fiber matrix has improved the ductility by 87% and 122%, respectively. Similarly, improvement in the toughness was observed by 63% and 105% for LLDPE fibers with 0.08 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% CNT respectively. The increase in the mechanical properties of the composite fibers was attributed to the alignment and distribution of CNT in the LLDPE matrix. The dispersion of CNT in the polymeric matrix has been revealed by SEM. The study shows that the small addition of CNT when properly mixed and aligned will increase the mechanical properties of pristine polymer fibers.     

Synthesis and characterization of Sb/CNT and Bi/CNT composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Sb/CNT and Bi/CNT composites were prepared by a heating treatment method. SEM imaging showed that the metal particles were uniformly deposited on the CNTs exterior and in the CNTs web. It was found that the composites showed improved cyclability than unsupported Sb and Bi and higher reversible capacities than CNTs. The improvement may be attributed to the small-scale dimension and high dispersion of the metal particles and the conductivity and ductility of the CNTs matrix. Moreover, the first reversibility was also increased comparing to CNTs, resulted from the lower surface of the composites.     

In situ polymerized nanocomposites: Polystyrene/CNT and Poly(methyl methacrylate)/CNT composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices via in situ emulsion and emulsion/suspension polymerization methods. The polymerizations were carried out using various initiators, surfactants, and carbon nanotubes to determine their influence on polymerization and on the properties of the composites. The loading of CNTs in the composites varied from 0 to 15 wt.%, depending on the CNTs used. Morphology and dispersion of the CNTs were analyzed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the composites was excellent, even at high CNT loading. The mechanical properties, and electrical and thermal conductivities, of the composites were also analyzed. Both electrical and thermal conductivities were improved.     

High CNT content composites with CNT Buckypaper and epoxy resin matrix: Impregnation behaviour composite production and characterization

This work provides information on the characterization of carbon nanotube (CNT) skeletons, or Buckypapers, using contact angle and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements. The preparation of composites using these CNT skeletons and an epoxy resin by impregnation in vacuum and cure in two moulds with different release surfaces is described. Preliminary results for the mechanical performance of the produced composites using mini-tensile test specimens and their characterization by TGA, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is also presented.