聚酰胺66/改性耐热聚乳酸共混物的力学性能和结晶行为

采用熔融共混和注射成型制备了改性耐热聚酰胺66/聚乳酸（PA66/PLA）共混物,经热处理后,探讨了PLA含量对共混物的断口样貌形态、力学性能以及结晶性能的影响。结果表明,PLA与PA66具有一定的相容性,当PLA的含量不超过10 %（质量分数,下同）时,PA66/PLA共混物的拉伸强度在PA66的93 %以上,其断裂伸长率对比PLA得到了倍数级的增长,是PLA断裂伸长率的8.6倍;当PLA的含量不超过20 %时,共混物的结晶性能变好,提升结晶速率,缩短结晶时间,结晶度有所提高;但当PLA的含量超过20 %以后,共混物的拉伸强度则出现了不同程度的降低。     

环氧大豆油反应增容对PLA/TPU共混物性能的影响

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为增韧剂、环氧大豆油(ESO)为反应型相容剂,采用熔融共混制备了PLA/TPU/ESO复合材料,研究了ESO的含量对复合材料性能的影响。利用傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)、力学性能测试、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、动态力学性能分析(DMTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行测试,结果表明,加入ESO后,PLA/TPU共混物的力学性能显著提升,其中,84PLA/10TPU/6ESO复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯PLA相比,其断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别提升了32倍和8倍,拉伸强度下降了20%,但是,韧性较高,这是由于,ESO与PLA/TPU发生反应,形成PLA-g-TPU共聚物,充当PLA和TPU界面之间的桥梁,提高了PLA与TPU的相容性。     

EVA熔体流动速率对PLA/EVA共混物性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）共混物,采用SEM、DSC、旋转流变仪等研究了VA质量分数为28%,熔体流动速率（MFR）不同的EVA对PLA/EVA共混物性能的影响。结果表明,EVA熔体流动速率越小,其在PLA基体中分散越均匀,EVA颗粒粒径也越小。共混物的结晶度随EVA熔体流动速率的增大而增大,但PLA的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）基本不受EVA的影响。PLA/EVA共混物的复数黏度和储能模量均随EVA的熔体流动速率的增高而减小。力学性能测试结果表明,当EVA的质量分数为15%时,PLA的断裂伸长率明显升高,冲击强度约是纯PLA的2倍。     

聚乙二醇对聚乳酸/糯米粉共混物性能的影响

采用天然可降解糯米粉作为填料、以聚乙二醇（PEG）作为增塑剂,制备了聚乳酸/糯米粉共混物,并研究了糯米粉及PEG含量对共混物力学性能、微观形态和吸水率的影响。结果表明,糯米粉的加入提高了PLA的吸水率,却降低了其力学性能;随着PEG含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度先增大后减小, 当PEG含量为12 % (质量分数,下同)时,共混物冲击强度达到22.8 kJ/m2,较纯PLA提高了近4倍,共混物的吸水率也明显提高;随着PEG含量的增加,糯米粉与PLA间的相容性提高。     

原位反应法制备聚乳酸/聚氨酯共混物及性能

以聚乳酸（PLA）、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG）和液化4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（L-MDI）为原料,通过原位反应法制备了PLA/聚氨酯（PU）共混物,研究了PLA/PU共混物的反应原理、力学性能、断面形貌、动态流变性能以及结晶性能。结果表明,在原位反应中有微交联结构PU生成,且伴随着PLA的扩链和枝化反应;PLA/PU共混物的韧性得到显著提高,当PU含量为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,共混物的断裂伸长率、断裂韧性和缺口冲击强度分别达到230 %、134.13 MJ/m3和34.19 kJ/m2,较纯PLA分别增加了16.6、8.1和11.1倍,此时拉伸强度仍保持在较高水平（49.7 MPa）;纯PLA和PLA/PU共混物熔体均为假塑性流体,共混物具有更高的储能模量和复数黏度;PLA/PU共混物比纯PLA的结晶速率高,晶体完善程度高。     

PLA/PPC/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）共混物和PLA/PPC/有机改性蒙脱土（OMMT）纳米复合材料,采用偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪和力学性能试验机等对共混物和纳米复合材料的相态结构、熔融与结晶行为和力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明,在PPC含量低于30 %时,随着PPC含量的增加,PLA/PPC和PLA/PPC/OMMT体系中PLA的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）均降低,在PPC含量为50 %时出现了明显的相分离;随着PPC含量的增加,PLA/PPC的冲击强度增大;OMMT的含量小于1.5 %时,PLA/PPC/OMMT体系的结晶度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均随OMMT含量的增加而增大。     

有机硅改性聚氨酯增韧聚乳酸的研究

针对聚乳酸(PLA)韧性差的特点,采用有机硅改性热塑性聚氨酯(TPSiU)对PLA通过熔融共混进行增韧改性,考察了TPSiU含量对PLA/TPSiU共混物微观结构、热性能及力学性能等的影响。研究结果表明,TPSiU的加入,使PLA由脆性材料转变为韧性材料,共混物的拉伸强度、弹性模量,冲击强度均随TPSiU含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当TPSiU的质量分数为20%时,PLA/TPSiU共混物的断裂伸长率提高约8倍。PLA/TPSiU共混物中两相呈海-岛结构,相容性欠佳,而且随着TPSiU含量的增加,"岛"相尺寸逐渐增大。另外,TPSiU的加入对PLA的热性能稍有影响,当TPSiU质量分数为10%时,共混体系的耐热性与纯PLA相当。     

PLA/MAM合金的制备与性能的研究

采用熔融共混的方法制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(MAM)共混物并对其力学性能和界面结构进行了研究。研究结果表明:MAM与PLA具有一定相容性,能够有效增韧PLA,当MAM质量分数为20%时,共混物的冲击强度可达19.9 kJ/m~2,但共混物的拉伸强度、模量和结晶度随着MAM含量的增加而减小,分散相粒子的尺寸随着MAM含量的增加而增大。     

丙烯酸酯增韧聚乳酸的制备与性能

采用1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,通过反应共混法制备了PLA/HDDA共混物,并利用拉力试验机、冲击试验机、扫描电子显微镜、差式扫描量热仪和偏光显微镜研究了HDDA含量对共混物力学性能、断面形貌、热性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明,HDDA对PLA具有良好的增韧效果,随着HDDA含量的增加,共混物的断裂伸长率和冲击强度显著提高;当HDDA含量为20%时,冲击强度达到8. 2 kJ/m~2,断裂伸长率为62. 8%,而拉伸强度仍保持在较高水平(39. 8 MPa)。HDDA的加入使共混物的冲击断面变粗糙,断裂形态为韧性断裂;随着HDDA含量的增加,共混物中PLA相的玻璃化转变温度逐渐降低,冷结晶温度先升高后降低,结晶度则先减小后增大。     

工艺条件对PBAT/PLA原位成纤共混体系结构与性能的影响

将质量比为80/20的PBAT/PLA共混物在单螺杆挤出流延成型机中通过调控工艺条件（口模温度、拉伸速度）直接熔融共混制备PBAT/PLA原位成纤共混薄膜。结果表明,在较低口模温度时,随着拉伸速度的提高,PLA微纤细化程度加大,结晶度先提高后降低,纵向拉伸强度先增加后减小,力学性能各向异性明显。在口模温度为150℃、拉伸速度为5.0 m/min时,共混体系中PLA成纤效果最明显;PBAT和PLA的结晶度最高分别为4.8%和23.7%;纵向拉伸强度达到29.8 MPa,比纯PBAT提高了41%。     

Mechanical and rheological properties of epoxidized soybean oil plasticized poly(lactic acid)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a well known biodegradable thermoplastic with excellent mechanical properties that is a product from renewable resources. However, the brittleness of PLA limits its general applications. Using epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as a novel plasticizer of poly(lactic acid), the composite blend with the twin‐screw plastic extruder at five concentrations, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 wt %, respectively. Compared with pure PLA, all sets of blends show certain improvement of toughness to different extents. The concentration with 9 wt % ESO increases the elongation at break about 63%. The melt flow rates of these blends with respect to different ESO ratio have been examined using a melt flow indexer. Rheological behaviors about shear viscosity and melt strength analysis are discussed based on capillary rheology measurements. The tensile strength and melt strength of the blends with 6 wt % ESO simultaneity reach the maximums; whereas the elongation at break of the blends is the second highest level. ESO exhibits positive effect on both the elongation at break and melt strength. The results indicate that the blend obtained better rheological performance and melt strength. The content of 6 wt % ESO in PLA has been considered as a better balance of performance. The results have also demonstrated that there is a certain correlation between the performance in mechanical properties and melt rheological characterization for the PLA/ESO blends.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

聚酰胺弹性体增韧聚乳酸改性研究

选用聚酰胺弹性体(聚酰胺和聚氧乙烯的共聚物,PAE)与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混进行增韧改性。结果表明,当PAE弹性体含量在20%～30%(质量分数,下同)之间时,共混体系发生脆韧转变,最大冲击强度达到67.6J/m,但拉伸强度和模量大幅度下降;PAE弹性体含量为5%～10%时共混体系的拉伸强度保持率最高,而且断裂伸长率提高近40倍,综合性能较好;虽然扫描电子显微镜照片显示共混体系为两相分离,但是差示扫描量热分析数据均表明,随着PAE弹性体含量的增加,共混体系的玻璃化转变温度和熔点发生相应变化,证明该共混体系为半溶混性,即两相间存在一定的相互作用;热失重分析数据显示,PAE弹性体在一定程度上提高了PLA的热降解温度。     

Morphologies and mechanical properties of polylactide/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer blends

To explore a potential method for improving the toughness of a polylactide (PLA), we used a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer with a high strength and toughness and biocompatibility to prepare PLA/TPU blends suitable for a wide range of applications of PLA as general‐purpose plastics. The structure and properties of the PLA/TPU blends were studied in terms of the mechanical and morphological properties. The results indicate that an obvious yield and neck formation was observed for the PLA/TPU blends; this indicated the transition of PLA from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The elongation at break and notched impact strength for the PLA/20 wt %TPU blend reached 350% and 25 KJ/m², respectively, without an obvious drop in the tensile strength. The blends were partially miscible systems because of the hydrogen bonding between the molecules of PLA and TPU. Spherical particles of TPU dispersed homogeneously in the PLA matrix, and the fracture surface presented much roughness. With increasing TPU content, the blends exhibited increasing tough failure. The J‐integral value of the PLA/TPU blend was much higher than that of the neat PLA; this indicated that the toughened blends had increasing crack initiation resistance and crack propagation resistance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

茶粉/聚乳酸复合材料的增韧改性

为高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,以茶粉（TD）为生物质填料,聚乳酸（PLA）为基体,以甘油（GL）、聚乙二醇400（PEG400）、环氧大豆油（ESO）和乙酰柠檬酸丁酯（ATBC）为增塑剂,制备了可降解TD/PLA增韧复合材料,并采用红外吸收光谱、热重分析、转矩流变仪、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等考察了增塑剂对TD/PLA复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明：4种增塑剂都可改善TD/PLA复合材料的加工流变性,GL的添加不利于复合材料韧性,PEG、ATBC及ESO的添加提高了复合材料韧性,其中ESO增韧效果最佳,其添加制备的复合材料断裂伸长率及缺口冲击强度分别提高了154.23%和65.53%,GL增韧效果最差,ATBC增韧后复合材料力学强度和模量最高。FTIR分析表明,ATBC和ESO可与PLA发生一定相互作用,使C-O键红外吸收峰位增大,其增韧后复合材料吸水率下降。ESO添加提高了TD/PLA复合材料的维卡软化点和热稳定性。SEM图片显示,TD/PLA/ESO复合材料断面粗糙,ESO分散较均匀,与PLA部分相容,而TD/PLA/GL复合材料断面出现严重相分离结构。该研究结果可为进一步探索聚乳酸基茶塑复合材料制备及应用提供试验数据和理论参考。     

聚羟基烷酸酯改性聚氯乙烯的研究

通过熔融共混的方法分别制备了聚氯乙烯/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯/聚羟基烷酸酯（PVC/DOP/PHA）和PVC/PHA共混物。研究了PHA逐步代替DOP对共混物力学性能和熔体流动性能的影响规律,利用扫描电子显微镜对所制备的试样进行微观结构分析。结果表明,随着共混体系中PHA用量的增加和DOP的等量减少,与PVC/DOP共混物相比,PVC/DOP/PHA共混物的拉伸强度由21 MPa提高至42 MPa,断裂伸长率先增加而后降低,在PHA含量为10.7 %(质量分数,下同)时出现极大值(350 %);在PVC/PHA体系中,PHA含量增加,PVC/PHA共混物的力学性能及熔体流动速率都显著提高,说明PHA可以作为PVC的一种有效的绿色增塑剂和增韧剂。     

Morphology and properties of the biosourced poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐amide‐12) blends

Biosourced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with different content of poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐amide‐12) (PEBA) were prepared by melt compounding. The miscibility, phase structure, crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and toughening mechanism were investigated. The blend was an immiscible system with the PEBA domains evenly dispersed in the PLA matrix. The PEBA component suppressed the nonisothermal melt crystallization of PLA. With the addition of PEBA, marked improvement in toughness of PLA was achieved. The maximum for elongation at break and impact strength of the blend reached the level of 346% and 60.5 kJ/m², respectively. The phase morphology evolution in the PLA/PEBA blends after tensile and impact tests was investigated, and the corresponding toughening mechanism was discussed. It was found that the PLA matrix demonstrates obvious shear yielding in the blend during the tensile and impact tests, which induced energy dissipation and therefore lead to improvement in toughness of the PLA/PEBA blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

SEBS-g-MAH增韧聚乳酸的性能研究

采用哈克密炼机制备了聚乳酸(PLA)与马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚弹性体(SEBS-g-MAH)的共混物,并对共混物的力学性能、流变性能和微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,共混物的拉伸强度随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加而下降,断裂伸长率随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加而增大。当SEBS-g-MAH的含量为30 %时,共混物的冲击强度提高了2.5倍,共混物的韧性得到提高。随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加,PLA熔体黏度的变化趋势与SEBS-g-MAH越来越相似,即熔体黏度随着频率的增大而下降。扫描电镜分析表明,MAH基团改善了两相间的界面作用,增韧作用明显。     

Thermal,mechanical, and morphological properties of polylactic acid toughened with an impact modifier

Polylactic acid (PLA) was melt‐blended with different amount (0 to 50 wt %) of a commercially available ethylene acrylate copolymer impact modifier. PLA/impact modifier blends were prepared via an internal mixer and compression molded into test specimens. The thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the blends were investigated. The addition of impact modifier decreased the ability of PLA to crystallize and/or recrystallize. The degree of crystallinity of PLA decreased while the cold crystallization temperature shifted to higher temperatures with increasing the impact modifier content. PLA/impact modifier blends were partially miscible. This was confirmed by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. With increasing the impact modifier content, the blends showed some improvement in the elongation at break and notched impact strength indicating the toughening effects of the impact modifier. In contrast, the yield stress and tensile modulus decreased with the increase in the impact modifier content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that the toughening mechanisms among others involved shear yielding or plastic deformation of the PLA matrix induced by interfacial debonding between the PLA and the impact modifier domains. PLA with 30 wt % impact modifier showed comparable yield stress and tensile modulus and better elongation at break and impact strength (+90%) than those of polypropylene (PP). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123:2715–2725, 2012     

Interpenetrating polymer network structured thermosets prepared from epoxidized soybean oil/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A

Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO)/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) in various blend ratios (i.e. 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50) was thermally cured using methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride in the presence of 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole catalyst. The tensile properties and fracture toughness of the ESO/DGEBA thermoset blends were determined. Thermal properties of the blends were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Blending of ESO and DGEBA gave synergistic effects on the modulus, strength, glass transition temperature and thermal stability. However, the fracture toughness and elongation at break of ESO/DGEBA blends are lower than those of ESO, as expected. The enhancement in certain mechanical and thermal properties of ESO/DGEBA can be associated with the crosslink density, gel content and possible interpenetrating network of the resulting thermoset blends. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Toughening polylactide with epoxidized styrene–butadiene impact resin: Mechanical,morphological, and rheological characterization

Styrene–butadiene impact resin (SBC) was chosen as the toughening agent to improve the tensile toughness of polylactide (PLA). Epoxidized SBC (ESBC) with different epoxidation degree were prepared by epoxidation using in situ peroxoformic acid method and a series of PLA/SBC(ESBC) blends were prepared by melt blending. The elongation at break of the PLA/ESBC blends was greatly improved, which was reflected in the slight decrease in the tensile strength and tensile modulus. Moreover, the tensile strength and tensile modulus were not significantly affected by the epoxidation degree of ESBC. For example, the incorporation of ESBC28.8% (30 wt %) to PLA caused an obvious increment of elongation at break from 3.5% of pure PLA to 305.0%, while the tensile modulus and tensile strength decreased to 80 and 78% of pure PLA, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observations of cryo‐fractured surface morphology and particle size analysis demonstrated that the compatibility of the PLA/ESBC blends was improved significantly compared to PLA/SBC blend. PLA/ESBC(70/30) blends exhibited shear‐thinning behavior over the range of the studied shear rate. With an increase in shear rate, the non‐Newtonian index of the blends decreased gradually. Furthermore, the flow behavior of PLA/ESBC(70/30) blends was more sensitive to the shear rate than pure PLA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46058.