电站汽轮机功率和参数的新发展

分析了近百年来电站汽轮机功率和参数的变化情况,介绍了国外电站汽轮机功率和参数的新发展,并对国内汽轮机的发展提出了看法。     

东芝600 MW汽轮机国产化节能改造

针对北仑1号东芝汽轮机机组老化、效率偏低等实际运行情况,采用了国内先进的汽轮机设计制造技术,分别针对汽轮机通流部分以及汽门、轴承等关键部件实施了增效扩容改造,使机组效率达到了同类先进水平,节能成效显著,为国内600 MW进口汽轮机型国产化改造提供有益的借鉴经验。     

汽轮机及基础整体抗震性能评估方法

介绍了一种可用于大型火电/核电汽轮机及基础抗震分析的方法.与国内传统的计算分析方法相比,该方法可以更准确地体现汽轮机与基础不同时刻的惯性力、反作用力和位移的分布情况.通过对分析方法、模型的建立、载荷的选取以及分析内容和分析过程的详细介绍,可以为国内各种新型结构以及大功率的火电/核电汽轮机设备和基础的抗震性能评估提供新的解决方案,旨在提高机组的安全性.     

现代大型汽轮机研制

简述了国外大功率汽轮机的发展概况，以及国外亚临界、超临界、核电汔轮机的技术特点，以哈汽厂为例介绍了国内汽轮机的发展状况、亚临界汽轮机的技术特点以及大型汽轮机的研制情况。     

国内外A-USC汽轮机材料研究进展

综述了国内外A-USC汽轮机材料在制造工艺、化学成分、高低倍组织、组织稳定性、蠕变持久性能等方面的研发情况,以及产品件解剖和等比尺寸模拟件验证情况,给出了A-USC汽轮机高温材料研发的特点,为国内进一步深入开展A-USC汽轮机材料研究提供参考。     

循环水温较低条件下的双背压应用问题

在4排汽汽轮机上采用双背压设计时,针对循环水温和水量的适用范围,行业缺乏清晰的技术判断依据.进行了机理分析,结合国内火电机组的实际情况和具体例子,给出了具有一般性的方法,指出汽轮机排汽面积越大,适合双背压设计的水温、水量范围就越大.由于国内汽轮机排汽面积普遍较大,因此得出的结论是,绝大多数的4排汽汽轮机都适合采用双背压设计,只有很少的机组适合单背压设计.     

双加压法稀硝酸装置中工业汽轮机的应用

本为论述了双加压法稀硝酸装置中工业汽轮机的现状和国内“四合一”机组汽轮机情况。     

国内汽轮机制造业焊接技术现状及发展趋势

以国内四大汽轮机厂－上汽,哈汽,东汽,北重的基本情况为依据,分析了汽轮机 技术及相关的下料,成型,热处理等技术的现状及发展趋势,指出国内汽轮机焊接技术与国外的差距和发展趋势为：自动化水平,专用设备应用比例,多元化的焊接材料和工艺方法嵩技术的研究和应用。     

上海电气配H级联合循环汽轮机技术特点

综述了主要原始设备制造商(OEM)配H级联合循环汽轮机的主要配置情况,描述了上海电气配H级联合循环汽轮机开发、研制的技术路线及其独特性、先进性。阐述了该汽轮机智能化运行方向的研究内容和研究方法,展望了其最终的应用场景。该汽轮机的成功开发对国内高参数配H级联合循环汽轮机的发展具有重要指导意义。     

不同配汽方式下汽轮机调节级后转子的热应力分析

目前,国内尚有部分国外引进型汽轮机采用原设计的节流配汽运行方式,导致汽轮机在部分负荷下的经济性比较差.为了提高汽轮机的运行经济性,必须将其改造为喷嘴配汽方式.首先对汽轮机在不同配汽方式下调节级后温度变化情况进行了分析,然后计算了不同配汽方式下汽轮机调节级后转子的温度场和应力场.最后给出了汽轮机由节流配汽改为喷嘴配汽方式后的变负荷速度确定方法.     

Potential method in the theory of thermoviscoelastic mixtures

In this article, the linear theory of binary thermoviscoelastic mixtures is considered and the basic boundary value problems (BVPs) of steady vibrations are investigated. Namely, the fundamental solution of the system of equations of steady vibrations is constructed explicitly and its basic properties are established. Green’s second and third identities are obtained and the uniqueness theorems for classical solutions of the internal and external basic BVPs of steady vibrations are proved. The surface and volume potentials are constructed and their basic properties are given. The determinants of symbolic matrices are calculated explicitly. The BVPs are reduced to the always solvable singular integral equations for which Fredholm’s theorems are valid. Finally, the existence theorems for classical solutions of the internal and external BVPs of steady vibrations are proved by the potential method and the theory of singular integral equations.     

自然通风技术研究方法及工具

目前自然通风主要有三种研究方法:简单的理论分析法、实验法和数值模拟法。本文概括介绍了后两种方法的研究现状,并对它们进行了分析比较,提出各种方法的适用场合。在数值模拟法中还介绍了几种可用于分析自然通风系统的通风特性和热特性的常用工具软件,对各自工作原理和应用特点进行了比较,并对使用方法和应用场合提出了建议。     

微电网能量管理和控制简述

首先介绍了微电网的概念和微电网的基本结构以及运行方式。其次,给出了微电网能量管理系统的定义,分析了其与传统大电网的不同,并提出了其3种控制结构。在分析比较3种控制结构的优缺点之后,介绍了微电网能量优化调度的模型和算法以及能量管理的频率和电压控制策略。最后,提出了今后微电网能量管理系统可能采用的方法和频率电压控制的研究方向。     

A review of cells based on lithium negative electrodes (anodes)

This review traces the development of lithium cells from their inception to the present day: about 500 references are included. Primary and secondary cells are dealt with and the most useful anode/cathode combinations, in both fields, are noted. Electrolytes and separators are also discussed, as are the effects of film formation and the charge/discharge mechanisms.Shortcomings are emphasised where they are known to exist and attention is drawn to some areas where the present authors consider advances may be made.     

Study of contact melting inside isothermally heated vertical cylindrical capsules

Close-contact melting processes of phase change material (PCM) inside vertical cylindrical capsule are studied. PCM are heated by the capsule isothermally at the bottom and side. The theoretical formulas of the melting rate and thickness of liquid layer during the heat transfer process are obtained by analysis, which are convenient for engineering predictions. Finally, the factors that affect melting are discussed, and conclusions are drawn.     

质子交换膜燃料电池系统控制与应用现状

描述了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统的控制及其在中低功率领域中的应用现状。首先概述了过程模型和电压预测模型，对影响电堆性能的各参数进行分析。其次，从目前运用的简单控制方法、混合动力驱动、效率优化、故障容许等方面对PEMFC系统的分析与控制结构作了说明。然后介绍了PEMFC的几种具体应用。最后结合国内外的相关研究进展，提出了一些有待进一步研究的方向。     

US nuclear energy policy Provision of funds for decommissioning

The five recognized methods of decommissioning nuclear power plants are reviewed, and are linked with US nuclear regulatory policy. Although over 60 US nuclear reactors have been decommissioned since 1960, none have been large-scale commercial facilities. Costs of the decommissioning alternatives are estimated, but are acknowledged to be highly tentative and uncertain. Five methods of providing funds for decommissioning and the actual practices of US electric utilities are analysed in terms of the policy issues they present. Revenue bonding and sinking fund approaches are argued to be the soundest means to recover decomissioning uncertainties surrounding decommissioning are considered.     

Features of The Netherlands' electricity supply system

Regulations concerning the supply of electricity in The Netherlands are discussed, and important issues are identified. Large-scale conventional generation, cogeneration, and wind energy are examined. The grid structures and characteristic materials used in the Dutch networks are described. Specific developments in The Netherlands are reviewed     

用面向对象方法开发现代制造企业的管理信息系统

现代制造企业经营管理环境及思想正发生着深刻的变化,现代软件工程思想和方法也正朝着面向对象方向发展,通过将二者融入制造企业的管理信息系统,探讨了现代制造企业管理信息系统的结构及功能,并给出了用面向对象技术分析和设计管理信息系统的方法。     

The prospects of cost reductions in willow production in Sweden

The current and future costs of willow short rotation coppice production in Sweden are analysed, considering all relevant cost factors explicitly. The future production costs are estimated considering effects of coppice area expansion and learning. The current and future costs of land and of risk premiums are subsequently estimated. Subsidies for farmers are not considered. If the area of willow cultivation were to expand enough to generate economies of scale, the production cost could be cut by about 10% compared to the current level. When learning effects are also considered, the total cost reduction potential is about 35%. Two major cost components (fertilization and road transport) are roughly stable while two other major cost components (establishment and harvest) have larger prospects for cost reduction, primarily due to potential for learning. Land costs and risk premiums vary and are uncertain, but both are estimated to be potentially significant compared to other cost components. Requirements of risk premiums may become lower as a consequence of area expansion and learning. Land costs are subject to many factors that are inherently uncertain, not the least future food prices. Efficient policies promoting an expansion of willow cultivation are discussed.