超声波与溶剂萃取西瓜籽油的对比研究

以西瓜籽为原料,对2种提取西瓜籽油的工艺和效果进行比较。通过正交试验得到溶剂法提取西瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚(b.p.60～90℃),料液比1∶8(g∶mL),提取时间2 h,提取温度80℃,西瓜籽油提取率为48.2%;超声波辅助法提取西瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚,料液比1∶6(g∶mL),超声温度50℃,超声时间50 min,超声功率150 W,西瓜籽油提取率为50.8%。结果表明,超声波辅助法提取的西瓜籽油得率比溶剂法高,并且超声波辅助法比溶剂法提取的时间短、温度低,是一种短时高效的提取方法。     

超声波辅助与溶剂萃取番木瓜籽油的比较研究

以番木瓜籽为原料,对2种提取番木瓜籽油的工艺和效果进行比较。通过正交试验得到溶剂法提取番木瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚,料液比1∶8(g∶m L),提取时间2 h,提取温度80℃,番木瓜籽油提取率为35.8%;超声波辅助法提取番木瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚,料液比1∶4(g∶m L),超声温度50℃,超声时间20 min,超声功率120 W,番木瓜籽油提取率为38.8%。结果表明,超声波辅助法提取的番木瓜籽油得率比溶剂法高,并且超声波辅助法比溶剂法提取的时间短、温度低,是一种短时高效的提取方法。     

油莎豆淀粉提取工艺研究

研究了油莎豆淀粉的提取工艺。以淀粉提取率为指标,探讨料液比、浸泡时间、石灰水浓度对淀粉提取率的影响,并采用正交实验确定油莎豆淀粉提取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:影响油莎豆淀粉提取率的因素主次顺序为:料液比>浸泡时间>石灰水浓度。最适宜的提取工艺条件为:料液比1:4,浸泡时间4h,石灰水浓度0.5%,淀粉提取率为89.9%。     

微波辅助提取丝瓜籽油工艺的研究

利用微波萃取丝瓜籽油,考察最佳工艺条件。采用正交设计研究温度、时间、料液比和无水乙醇与石油醚体积比对丝瓜籽油提取率的影响。结果表明,影响丝瓜籽油提取率的因素的主次顺序为:溶剂体积比料液比温度时间;最佳工艺参数:无水乙醇∶石油醚为1∶2(V/V)、温度55℃、时间14 min、料液比1∶11(m/V),丝瓜籽油最大提取率为10.90%。     

红小豆淀粉提取工艺研究

以红小豆为原料,氢氧化钠为浸泡剂,探讨碱液质量浓度、料液比、浸泡时间和浸泡温度对红小豆淀粉提取率影响,并通过正交试验确定提取红小豆淀粉最优工艺。结果表明,提取红小豆淀粉最优工艺条件为:碱液质量浓度0.3%、料液比(1∶8)g/mL、浸泡时间3 h、浸泡温度40℃;在此工艺条件下,红小豆淀粉提取率为77.3%。     

南瓜籽油提取工艺优化及油脂氧化稳定性研究

以南瓜籽为原料,研究溶剂浸提法提取南瓜籽油最佳工艺。研究了温度、时间和料液比3个因素对提取率影响,并且通过正交试验对溶剂浸提法提取南瓜籽油工艺流程进行了优化。最佳提取条件:提取温度55℃,时间3 h,料液比1∶10时,提取率可达93.4%。     

无患子种仁油的提取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析

对无患子种仁油的提取工艺进行优化。采用单因素实验考察浸泡时间、提取时间、料液比及提取温度对无患子种仁油提取率的影响,并采用正交实验进行工艺优化。运用气相色谱分析无患子种仁油中脂肪酸组成。结果表明:最佳提取条件为浸泡时间6 h、提取时间8 h、料液比1∶20、提取温度90℃,在此条件下,无患子种仁油平均提取率为43.31%;无患子种仁油的酸值(KOH)为4.132 mg/g,皂化值(KOH)为190.26 mg/g,碘值(I)为102.36 g/100 g;无患子种仁油主要含有13种脂肪酸,其不饱和脂肪酸含量高达84.63%。     

云南种植玛咖中多糖提取工艺的优化研究

以云南种植玛咖根干粉为原料,对其中多糖的提取工艺进行优化。采用水为溶剂,以提取温度、时间和料液比为因素,在单因素优化的基础上设计3因素3水平正交实验,研究玛咖多糖最优提取条件。结果表明,各因素对玛咖多糖提取率影响顺序依次为:提取温度>提取时间>料液比。最优提取工艺条件为:温度100℃,料液比1∶20(g∶mL),提取120min。在此条件下,玛咖多糖提取率为15.9%。      

超声波辅助提取猕猴桃籽油的工艺优化

研究超声波辅助提取猕猴桃籽油的最佳工艺条件,并分析其脂肪酸组成。采用单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了物料粒度、提取溶剂、料液比以及提取温度、提取时间、超声功率等对猕猴桃籽油提取率的影响,并对提取工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:以石油醚为提取溶剂,物料粒度40目,料液比1∶10,超声功率360 W,提取温度45℃,提取2次,每次30 m in;在此条件下提取率为31.26%。GC-MS分析表明,猕猴桃籽油主要脂肪酸组成为亚麻酸(65.3%)、油酸(14.5%)、亚油酸(13.3%)、棕榈酸(5.6%)、硬脂酸(1.3%)。     

纤维素酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏提取柠檬果皮精油工艺优化

以柠檬果皮为原料,研究纤维素酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏提取柠檬精油的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,选取酶添加量、料液比、酶解时间及蒸馏时间为影响因素,以提取率为响应值,设计响应面试验;通过气相色谱-质谱法对柠檬精油的化学组分进行检测,采用扫描电镜对柠檬皮的微观结构进行观察。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃、酶解pH 5. 0、酶添加量1. 1%、液料比16:1 (mL/g)、酶解时间63 min、蒸馏时间140 min,提取率达到2. 12%;柠檬精油中共鉴定出27种化学成分,主要成分为柠檬烯;扫描电镜观察表明,纤维素酶水解了原料细胞结构,促进了精油的快速释放。该工艺与水蒸气蒸馏提取相比,提取率相近,但明显减少了提取时间。     

溶剂法提取柠檬种籽油脂的研究

以丙酮做提取剂,用索氏抽提法提取柠檬籽油,并对其提取条件进行了研究和优化.首先通过单因素试验,对水浴温度、提取时间、料液比3个因素分别进行研究,确定了各因素对柠檬籽油得率的影响趋势.在此基础上,用正交试验优化得出最佳提取条件是:温度为85℃,时间为3.5h,物料比是1∶10,得到柠檬籽的出油率为36.03％;对出油率影响的主次关系为:料液比＞提取时间＞水浴温度.柠檬籽油为淡黄色液体,具有较好的香味.此提取方法稳定可靠,能为柠檬籽油的提取提供参考.     

微波辅助水蒸气法提取柠檬精油工艺研究

研究了微波辅助水蒸气法提取柠檬精油加工工艺。通过单因素试验研究剪切粒度、微波处理功率、微波处理时间、NaCl添加量等因素对提取率的影响。再通过正交试验进一步优化提取条件,得出影响柠檬精油出油率的因素的主次顺序为微波处理时间＞NaCl添加量＞微波处理功率。最终确定了微波辅助水蒸气法提取柠檬精油最佳工艺为微波处理时间4 min,微波功率400 W,NaCl添加量为2%。柠檬精油的提取率为0.326 8%。     

水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角精油工艺参数的研究

为研究水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳工艺参数。以八角茴香果实为原料,选取八角粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间进行4因素3水平的正交试验,比较各因素各水平下八角茴香油的提取率,测定茴香油中反式茴香脑含量,计算提取量。研究结果表明影响八角茴香油提取率的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间,且不同粉碎粒度、料液比和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取率的影响差异显著（P < 0.05）。影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间,不同的蒸馏时间极显著（P < 0.01）影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量。粉碎粒度和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取量的影响差异显著（P < 0.05）,不同的浸泡时间和料液比对八角茴香油提取量无显著影响（P > 0.05）。以提取率和提取量为参数,水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳提取条件为: 八角粉碎粒度40目,浸泡32 h,料液比1:10,蒸馏3 h。粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间均不同程度地影响八角茴香油的提取率、反式茴香脑含量和提取量。     

超临界CO2提取葛缕子精油及其成分分析

目的:优化葛缕子精油的提取工艺并对其成分进行分析。方法:以葛缕子籽粒为原料,采用超临界CO₂技术提取葛缕子精油,并通过气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)对精油挥发性成分进行分析。结果:超临界CO₂提取葛缕子精油的最佳工艺条件为提取釜温度50℃,分离釜温度40℃,提取釜压力30 MPa,分离釜压力0.4 MPa,二氧化碳流速20 g/min,提取时间90 min,此条件下精油得率为4.79%。与同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法相比,超临界CO₂流体能快速扩散到样品颗粒内部并充分溶解其中的精油成分,具有提取时间短、得率高、无溶剂残留的优点。超临界CO₂法制备的葛缕子精油中,主要成分为D-柠檬烯(50.96%)和香芹酮(46.65%),挥发性成分种类及含量均高于同时蒸馏萃取法的。结论:超临界CO₂法比同时蒸馏萃取法更适合葛缕子精油的提取。     

Food-grade microemulsions and nanoemulsions: Role of oil phase composition on formation and stability

Lemon oil is widely used as a flavoring component in beverages, foods, cosmetics, and household products. Lemon oil comes in a variety of chemical compositions depending on its biological origin, extraction methods, and purification procedures. At present, there is a relatively poor understanding of the influence of lemon oil composition on its functional properties. In this study, we examined the influence of lemon oil fold (1×, 3×, 5× and 10×) on the formation and properties of oil-in-water microemulsions and nanoemulsions. The concentration of both polar (high water solubility and low log P) and non-polar (low-water solubility and high log P) components increased with increasing oil fold. The nature of the colloid dispersions formed was established using an emulsion titration method that involved titrating lemon oil droplets into a surfactant micelle solution (1% Tween 80). Oil fold affected the rate and extent of solubilization, as well as the stability of lemon oil droplets to growth. The maximum amount of lemon oil that could be solubilized within the micelles increased with increasing oil fold, as did the stability of lemon oil droplets to growth. The results were interpreted in terms of the ability of different lemon oil molecules to be incorporated within water or surfactant micelles, and the influence of lemon oil polarity on Ostwald ripening. This study provides valuable information about the relationship between lemon oil composition and its performance in colloidal delivery systems suitable for use in the food and beverage industries.     

花椒挥发油的提取工艺优化及抗肿瘤活性分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花椒中的挥发油,以得油率为评价指标,以料液比、冷浸时间和提取时间为考察因素,通过星点设计-响应面法优选花椒挥发油提取工艺。结果表明：花椒挥发油水蒸气蒸馏提取的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶12（g/mL）、冷浸时间2.5 h、提取时间4.7 h,得油率可达9.284%。采用MTT法检测花椒挥发油的体外抗肿瘤活性,测得花椒挥发油对HeLa、A549、K562 三种细胞的IC50值分别为（11.2±0.2）、（6.26±0.05）、（1.37±0.03） mg/mL。表明花椒挥发油具有较强的体外抗肿瘤活性,且对3 种肿瘤细胞的生长均有抑制作用。     

微波无溶剂法提取东紫苏精油的工艺研究及成分分析

采用微波无溶剂法提取东紫苏精油,考察工艺中料液比、浸泡时间、提取时间、微波功率对精油提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验对提取工艺进行优化并采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术鉴定东紫苏精油的化学成分。结果表明,微波无溶剂提取东紫苏精油的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶6(体积比),浸泡时间2 h,提取时间60 min,微波功率600 W,精油得率0.096 mL/50 g。采用GC-MS技术,从提取的精油中鉴定出43种化学成分,主要成分为乙酸松油酯,相对含量达到了56.25%,其次为丙酸香叶酯(6.8%)、棕榈酸(4.95%)、依朴酚醇(4.83%)、氧化石竹烯(4.41%)、乙酸(Z)-5-十二烯醇酯(3.28%)、α-松油醇(2.91%)、(S)-(+)-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-环己烯-1酮(1.18%)、萜品醇(1.14%)、植酮(1.1%)。     

Impact of lemon oil composition on formation and stability of model food and beverage emulsions

Lemon oil is a complex organic compound isolated from citrus peel, which is commonly used as a flavouring agent in beverages, foods, cosmetics, and household products. We have studied the influence of lemon oil fold (1×, 3×, 5× and 10×) on the formation and properties of oil-in-water emulsions. Initially, the composition, molecular characteristics, and physicochemical properties of the four lemon oils were established. The main constituents in single-fold lemon oil were monoterpenes (>90%), whereas the major constituents in 10-fold lemon oil were monoterpenes (≈35%), sesquiterpenes (≈14%) and oxygenates (≈33%). The density, interfacial tension, viscosity, and refractive index of the lemon oils increased as the oil fold increased (i.e., 1× < 3× < 5× < 10×). The stability of oil-in-water emulsions produced by high pressure homogenisation was strongly influenced by lemon oil fold. The lower fold oils were highly unstable to droplet growth during storage (1×, 3×, and 5×) with the growth rate increasing with increasing storage temperature and decreasing oil fold. Droplet growth was attributed to Ostwald ripening, i.e., diffusion of lemon oil molecules from small to large droplets. The highest fold oil (10×) was stable to droplet growth, which was attributed to the presence of an appreciable fraction of constituents with very low water-solubility that inhibited droplet growth through a compositional ripening effect. This study provides important information about the relationship between lemon oil composition and its performance in emulsions suitable for use in food and beverage products.     

砂仁叶油提取工艺研究及化学成分分析

目的 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取砂仁叶油,并对其化学成分进行分析.方法 采用单因素试验研究浸泡时间、提取温度、提取时间对砂仁叶油提取率的影响,优选最佳提取工艺条件,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对砂仁叶油的成分进行分析.结果 确定最佳的提取工艺为浸泡时间1 h、提取加热温度200℃、提取时间5 h;以最佳提取工艺进行...     

Single-step recovery of pectin and essential oil from lemon waste by ohmic heating assisted extraction/hydrodistillation: A multi-response optimization study

The main products obtained from citrus wastes are pectin and essential oil. In this work, ohmic heating assisted extraction/hydrodistillation (OHAE/H) was applied for the simultaneous recovery of pectin and essential oil from lemon waste. Optimum OHAE/H conditions to maximize the yield of pectin and essential oil were determined with response surface methodology. Three independent variables, namely liquid to solid ratio (w:v), extraction/hydrodistillation time (min) and voltage gradient (V/cm) were varied to obtain maximum pectin and essential oil yield. Optimum OHAE/H conditions were determined as 8.7:1 liquid to solid ratio, 58.4 min extraction/hydrodistillation time and 14.2 V/cm voltage gradient. The predicted pectin and essential oil yields at optimum conditions were 16.58 and 3.62 g/100 g lemon waste, respectively. Data analysis showed that all of the independent variables significantly affected the pectin and essential oil yield. In the verification study, close agreement was found between predicted and experimental values. Conventional heating extraction/hydrodistillation (CHE/H) were conducted to evaluate the effectivity of OHAE/H. With OHAE/H process, the yields of the pectin and essential oil were significantly increased when compared to CHE/H. Limonene concentration of the essential oil produced with OHAE/H was higher than the essential oil produced by CHE/H. Results demonstrate that the single-step OHAE/H could be an effective method for simultaneous extraction and hydrodistillation of pectin and essential oils.