两段碳酸钠―氧预处理提高麦草酶水解糖化性能的研究

探讨了不同Na2CO3用量下两段碳酸钠―氧(Na2CO3-O2)预处理对麦草化学成分及酶水解效率的影响。Na2CO3-O2预处理麦草浆料得率随Na2CO3用量增大而下降,木质素脱除率随之增加。预处理后废液的pH值约为9,可有效避免碳水化合物的碱性水解和二次剥皮反应,保持较高的预处理浆料得率。预处理后浆料经过由纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和β-纤维二糖酶组合而成的混合酶水解,当预处理Na2CO3用量(以Na2O计)从12%增至18%时,预处理浆料总糖得率的增加较为显著。经20 PFU/g纤维素酶水解48 h后,总用碱量为18%的两段Na2CO3-O2预处理浆料的酶水解总糖得率为40.8%,总糖转化率为67.0%。     

亚硫酸钠预处理提高稻草酶水解糖化效率的研究

研究了亚硫酸钠预处理对稻草化学组分变化及酶水解性能的影响。结果表明,提高温度或增加Na2SO3用量可以脱除更多的木质素和半纤维素,酶水解效率也相应提高,但木质素脱除率达到50%以后,继续增强预处理条件,对酶水解糖得率无显著的促进作用。相比而言,加大Na2SO3用量更有利于使木质素溶出,提高温度更有利于使高聚糖溶出,加大Na2SO3用量比提高温度对酶水解效率的提高影响更显著。通过实验得到亚硫酸钠预处理稻草的最优条件,在温度为140℃,Na2SO3用量为16%,纤维素酶用量为20 FPU/g(对纤维素)时,总糖转化率达到最大,为74.9%,此时的总糖得率为43.5%。     

绿液预处理玉米秸秆产纤维素酶的研究

研究了绿液预处理玉米秸秆对里氏木霉产纤维素酶的影响。通过正交试验考察3个预处理条件对玉米秸秆产纤维素酶的影响,从极差和方差分析可知,对绿液预处理玉米秸秆产纤维素酶的影响程度由大到小依次是总碱量、蒸煮温度、硫化度,最大滤纸酶活(FPA)达到2.6 IU/mL。比较在蒸煮温度140 ℃和170 ℃,总碱量4 %,硫化度0、20 %、30 % 与40 %下所产的FPA,经综合评定,在最优条件下蒸煮温度140 ℃,总碱量4 %和硫化度0时可以尽量避免原料损失的前提下,保证FPA的大小,结果表明,里氏木霉利用绿液预处理玉米秸秆来产纤维素酶是可行的。以蒸煮温度140 ℃,总碱量4 %和硫化度0的条件下绿液预处理得到的玉米秸秆为碳源,碳源浓度为12 g/L,FPA和β-葡萄糖苷酶活(β-GA)分别达到2.5 IU/mL和1.3 IU/mL,产酶周期5 d。     

碳酸钠预处理对麦草酶水解糖化的影响

麦草是一种具有很大潜力的制取生物乙醇的可再生木质纤维素原料。文章探讨了碳酸钠预处理预浸时间、保温时间、碳酸钠用量对麦草化学成分及酶水解效率的影响。结果表明,延长碳酸钠预处理保温时间对木质素脱除无明显影响,但浆料得率和酶水解总糖转化率有所下降;合理的预浸时间为30 min,继续延长预浸时间对预处理浆料酶水解总糖转化率无促进作用;增加预处理Na2CO3用量有助于促进木质素的脱除,大部分碳水化合物保留在浆料中。在8% Na2CO3(Na2O计)用量下,麦草于80℃预浸30 min后升温至130℃,不保温所得到的浆料在纤维素酶用量为20 FPU/g(对纤维素)时,其总糖转化率为60%。     

稻草绿液蒸煮与氧脱木素联合制浆工艺研究

采用绿液蒸煮与氧脱木素联合制浆工艺对稻草原料绿液法制浆进行了初步探索。研究结果表明,稻草原料采用绿液蒸煮,在用碱量16%(Na2O计)、硫化度20%左右、最高温度150℃和不保温的蒸煮条件下,可得到卡伯值26的浆料。该浆料继续氧脱木素,在氢氧化钠用量2%～3%、氧压0.7 MPa、最高温度110℃条件下,可将卡伯值降至10左右。绿液蒸煮浆料得率可达60%以上,氧脱木素段得率约90%,联合制浆得率55%以上。绿液与氧脱木素联合制浆工艺可将麦草原料中约65%～75%的硅保留在浆料中,并且浆料的强度性能与常规碱法浆相近。     

NaOH冷冻-HCl再生预处理辅助碳基固体酸水解纤维素研究

本研究以提高纤维素转化率和还原糖得率为目标,以玉米秸秆制备的碳基固体酸为催化剂,采用Na OH冷冻-HCl再生为预处理方法,考察了预处理过程中Na OH浓度及纤维素水解过程中水解温度和水解时间对纤维素水解效果的影响。结果表明,在水解温度180℃、水解时间3h、纤维素0.15g、催化剂用量0.45g的条件下,纤维素水解还原糖得率38.78%,纤维素的转化率45.6%,与相同工艺条件下未经预处理的纤维素相比,还原糖得率及纤维素转化率分别提高了30.88%和31.1%,说明Na OH冷冻-HCl再生处理纤维素能够辅助提高碳基固体酸催化水解纤维素的效率。     

亚硫酸氢钠预处理对杨木浆料化学成分及酶解糖化的影响

研究了亚硫酸氢钠预处理对杨木浆料化学成分及酶水解效率的影响。增加预处理试剂亚硫酸氢钠用量可以脱除更多的木质素和半纤维素,随着试剂用量的增加葡聚糖、木聚糖和总糖的酶水解得率呈现先升高后降低,然后又升高的规律。当预处理试剂用量为4％时,木质素脱除率为28．7％,酶水解总糖转化率为55．2％;继续增加试剂用量至16％时,对酶水解糖的得率无明显促进作用,反而由于高聚糖降解较多导致得率下降;当试剂用量超过20％时,酶水解糖的得率又有所上升。亚硫酸氢钠用量为24％时,木质素脱除率为61．6％,总糖的转化率达到最大,在纤维素酶用量40FPU／g时,葡聚糖、木聚糖和总糖的转化率分别为59．7％、64．6％和66．2％。     

自水解预处理对稻草化学成分及酶解性能的影响

研究了自水解处理对稻草秸秆主要化学成分及酶解糖化效率的影响。结果显示:在100～160℃下对稻草进行自水解预处理,酸溶木质素的脱除程度随着自水解温度的升高而增大,而Klason木质素含量几乎没有变化,几乎全部SiO2仍然保留在预处理后草片中;稻草高聚糖的降解程度随着自水解温度的升高而增加,但由于自水解液酸性较弱,大量高聚糖仍保留在草片中;自水解预处理有利于促进稻草的酶解糖化,随着自水解预处理温度的升高和酶用量的增大,酶解液中各种聚糖得率均有不同程度的提高,但自水解温度的影响显得更为重要;经160℃自水解预处理的稻草在40 FPU/g混合酶用量下,葡聚糖和木聚糖的总转化率约为68%和45%,总糖转化率近60%。     

蒸煮助剂对低用碱量硫酸盐法预处理毛竹竹屑的影响

毛竹竹屑经10%低用碱量 (以Na₂O计)、20%硫化度、160 ℃下保温1 h预处理,木质素脱除率达到62.35%,预处理物料酶水解48 h葡萄糖和木糖得率分别为56.04%和53.47%。研究了硼氢化钠、三聚磷酸钠、2-蒽醌磺酸钠3种蒸煮助剂对毛竹竹屑10%用碱量硫酸盐预处理的成分以及糖化效果影响,其中2-蒽醌磺酸钠影响最大。在10%用碱量和20%硫化度的预处理液中添加0.15%的2-蒽醌磺酸时,160 ℃下保温1 h的葡聚糖回收率和木质素脱除率分别为94.93%和68.55%,与空白对比分别提高5.45%和9.94%;预处理物料酶解48 h葡萄糖和木糖得率分别为62.88%和58.97%,与空白对比分别提高12.21%和10.29%。     

酶水解pH值对酸性亚硫酸氨盐预处理杨木糖化效率的影响

改变酶水解p H值可以影响木质纤维生物质碳水化合物的酶水解糖化作用效果。以经酸性亚硫酸氢盐预处理的杨木浆为底物,探究了酶水解p H值对其碳水化合物转化率的影响。结果表明,预处理杨木浆的酶水解总糖得率随p H值增加呈现先升高后趋于平缓的规律,酶水解最佳p H值范围为4.8~5.4。当酶水解液p H值为4.8时,经6%亚硫酸氢钠预处理杨木浆在20 FPU/g酶用量下水解,葡聚糖和总糖转化率达到最高值,分别为91.3%和84.3%。     

Effect of Additives on Polysaccharide Retention in Green Liquor Pretreatment of Loblolly Pine for Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Abstract

In order to improve polysaccharide retention during pretreatment and increase enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, green liquor (GL) pretreatment was performed at: (1) higher GL sulfidity; (2) higher sulfidity with the addition of sodium polysulfide; (3) higher sulfidity with the addition of sodium borohydride; or (4) higher sulfudity with the addition of sodium tetraborate. The results indicate that green liquor pretreatment with the higher sulfidity, with the addition of polysulfide and with the addition of sodium borohydride, is effective in increasing enzymatic conversion of the pretreated pulps. The addition of sodium tetraborate, on the other hand, is not effective. These measures can be combined with oxygen delignification and/or mechanical refining to further improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Up to 80% of the polysaccharides in softwood can be converted to fermentable sugars, but only with the addition of 40 FPU enzyme dose.     

Green Liquor Pretreatment of Mixed Hardwood for Ethanol Production in a Repurposed Kraft Pulp Mill

Abstract

The development of a new, relatively simple process, which uses green liquor (sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide) as a pretreatment for the production of ethanol is described in this article. The pulps produced by this process can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to monomeric sugars with a high overall sugar recovery. The use of green liquor for pretreatment ensures that the chemicals used during pretreatment can be recovered efficiently using proven technology and can be easily implemented in a repurposed kraft pulp mill. The yield of pulps produced by the green liquor pretreatment process is about 80% with nearly 100% cellulose and 75% xylan in retention in mixed southern hardwood. The low pH prevents the random hydrolysis of polysaccharide and secondary peeling reactions from occurring during the pretreatment, resulting in higher retention of the polysaccharides in pulp. About 35% of the lignin is removed during the green liquor pretreatment process, which is sufficient for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis. The amount of sugar produced in enzymatic hydrolysis increased with both the green liquor and enzyme charge. The increase in enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was small as the total titrateable alkali was increased beyond 12–16%. With green liquor pretreatment at 16% Total Titrateable Alkali (TTA), the overall sugar recovery for hardwood was shown to be around 77% at a cellulase charge of 20 FPU/gm of substrate. A sugar recovery of 80% could be achieved at higher enzyme charges. These levels of sugar recovery are competitive with other pretreatments for hardwood. This novel pretreatment process can be used to repurpose kraft mills, which are being closed due to a decrease in the demand for paper in North America, for production of ethanol.     

碳酸钠―蒸汽爆破预处理对麦草化学成分及酶水解效率的影响

研究了碳酸钠―蒸汽爆破预处理对麦草化学成分及后续酶水解的影响。结果表明,预处理麦草浆料中木质素含量随预处理中碳酸钠用量的增大而下降,木聚糖和阿拉伯聚糖含量随碳酸钠用量的增大而上升。当碳酸钠用量增加到8%以后,继续增加碳酸钠用量,预处理麦草浆料中的葡聚糖、木聚糖、阿拉伯聚糖和木质素含量基本保持稳定。酶用量较低时,不添加碳酸钠的预处理麦草浆料酶水解葡聚糖得率最大。除不添加碳酸钠的预处理外,酶水解葡聚糖和总糖得率随木质素含量下降而提高。提高酶用量后木质素含量对预处理麦草浆料酶水解葡聚糖得率的影响变缓。     

High temperature pretreatment and hydrolysis of cotton stalk for producing sugars for bioethanol production

The aim of this work was to evaluate cotton stalk (waste plant material after harvesting the cotton) as feedstock for bioethanol production. Different pretreatment strategies were tried using sodium hydroxide in a high pressure reactor equipped with a pitch blade turbine stirrer, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulases; the process optimization was carried out using Taguchi experimental design. Best results were achieved when the pretreatment was carried out at 180 °C for 45 min with mixing of substrate at 100 rpm. The sugar yield was evaluated based on pretreatment severity. The hydrolysis efficiency of pretreated cotton plant waste was very good (96%), showing the excellent efficiency of the method in removing the lignin. The material balance in each stage of the process was estimated and the total process efficiency was found to be 53% based on glucose conversion.     

枫香树材硫酸盐制浆工艺技术研究

通过对枫香树材硫酸盐蒸煮的用碱量、硫化度、温度和保温时间四因素三水平方差分析工艺技术研究发现,在所选的四因素三水平内,用碱量对浆料得率和卡伯值的影响最大,硫化度对浆料得率和卡伯值的影响最小。枫香树材硫酸盐蒸煮较为适宜的工艺条件为:用碱量17%(Na2O计),硫化度20%,温度165℃,保温时间60 min,液比1∶6。另外,在枫香树材硫酸盐蒸煮过程中添加AQ,对提高蒸煮脱木素选择性具有明显的效果。     

兴安落叶松硫化钠预处理的研究

以１００％和８０％两种硫化度的药液在相同硫化钠浓度、１５５℃下预处理兴安落叶松木片，研究了疏化度及预处理时间对预处理液硫化钠浓度、落叶松主要化学组成及木片中硫含量的影响．结果表明，在较高温度下处理落叶松，药液硫化钠浓度、木材化学组成及木片中硫含量的变化主要发生在预处理的前１小时；８０％硫化度的预处理液中由于存在一定量的氢氧化钠，对得率、木素脱除、抽提物溶出及碳水化合物的降解作用较为强烈；预处理液中硫化钠的消牦仅与初始硫化钠浓度有关，而与硫化度无关，较高的硫化度有利于木片中木素的硫化．