粉末X射线衍射法鉴定气相醛加氢催化剂中晶体化合物

采用粉末X射线衍射法鉴定了一种气相醛加氢催化剂中的晶体化合物,并应用化学计量学峰形拟合法和Scherrer法计算了其中氧化铜的晶粒尺寸。鉴定结果认为,气相醛加氢催化剂中的晶体为:石墨、氧化锌(PDF-#36-1451)、氧化铜(PDF-#45-0937或PDF-#48-1548)。氧化铜(111)晶面晶粒尺寸约为5.4nm。实验结果能够满足气相醛加氢工艺的要求。     

粉末X射线衍射鉴定一种重整催化剂的晶体物相

采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)鉴定了一种载担型铂催化剂的晶体物相,并应用化学计量学峰形拟合法和Scherrer法计算了其中铂的晶粒尺寸。其主要物相鉴定结果为:铂(Pt)、氧化铝(γ-Al2O3)。Pt(111)晶面晶粒尺寸为10.4nm。X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析该催化剂中Pt的质量分数为0.25%。     

粉末X射线衍射法鉴定天然气绝热转化制氢催化剂中晶体化合物

首次详细报道采用粉末X射线衍射法(PXRD)鉴定天然气低温绝热、蒸汽转化制氢催化剂(简称天然气绝热转化制氢催化剂)中晶体化合物。其主要物相鉴定结果为:尖晶石(MgAl_2O_4)、绿镍矿(NiO)、刚玉(α-Al_2O_3)。其中还含有铝酸锶(SrAl_(12)O_(19))。PXRD鉴定数据能够满足天然气绝热转化制氢催化剂研发的要求。     

柴油中含硫化合物类型分布及变化规律

采用气相色谱法-硫化学发光检测器研究了几种不同直馏柴油中含硫化合物的类型分布,和直馏柴油加氢脱硫过程中各种含硫化合物类型的变化规律,为加氢脱硫催化剂和工艺研究提供了依据。     

色谱／离子阱质谱检测器分析分子筛催化剂中的可溶性焦炭

本文采用氢氨酸破坏分子筛催化剂骨架结构的方法和毛细管气相色谱/离子阱质谱检洲器(GC/ITDMS)分析技术,对失活分子筛催化剂中的可溶性焦炭进行了分析测定。实验共鉴定出31个有机化合物,主要为稠环芳烃类化合物。证实了可溶性焦炭是反应器内结焦过程中形成焦炭的前身物。     

Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物微纳米粉体改性UHMWPE初探

制备出稳定分散的乙二胺缩水杨醛Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物微纳米粉体,并用扫描电镜和红外光谱鉴定其结构和粒径.在25％(体积分数)小牛血清去离子水溶液边界润滑条件下,以5％(质量分数)微纳米乙二胺缩水杨醛Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物作为添加剂改性UHMWPE,与Ti6A14V配对进行往复摩擦磨损试验,并与其微米级粉体改性UHMWPE的摩擦学性能进行对比.结果表明,在改性添加剂质量分数为5％时,对于减少改性UHMWPE自身和对偶件Ti6Al4V的磨损和降低摩擦副的摩擦,乙二胺缩水杨醛Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物微纳米粉体比其微米级粉体更加有效.     

气相色谱法鉴别圆珠笔油墨种类及其字迹形成时间的研究

采用气相色谱法分析圆珠笔油墨中的易挥发成分,并对国内外厂家生产的109种品牌红、蓝、黑三种颜色的圆珠笔进行分类鉴别,用间甲苯酚作为内标物,结晶紫和铜酞箐作为内参比物,绘制字迹形成时间曲线,建立鉴定圆珠笔油墨字迹形成时间的方法,鉴定结果可为比对圆珠笔油墨种类和检验圆珠笔油墨字迹形成时间提供科学依据。     

裂解氢化技术在鉴别聚烯烃类塑料中加氢催化剂用量的最佳化研究

在裂解氢化气相色谱法对聚烯烃类塑料鉴别中 ,以高密度聚乙烯为实验样本 ,选用铂 10 %wt担体 (80～ 10 0目DiasolidH)加氢催化剂进行氢化反应。考察加氢催化剂用量从 0 0 0～ 94 0 0mg之间裂解产物的最佳氢化程度。实验结果表明 :当样品量控制在≤ 80 μg时 ,加氢催化剂≥ 5 4mg时 ,可满足裂解氢化技术分析的需要     

含缺口纳晶铜的失效行为研究

模拟了含有缺口的纳晶铜在拉伸载荷下的变形情况,研究缺口对纳晶铜失效行为的影响。结果表明,缺口对纳晶铜失效行为的影响与缺口的尺寸有关。随着缺口尺寸的增大,缺口对纳晶铜的失效影响愈发明显,缺口的临界值尺寸等于纳晶铜晶粒的平均尺寸。同时,通过不同模型间的对比发现,纳晶铜对缺口的敏感性与缺口形状和样本尺寸无关。     

粉末X射线衍射法鉴定顺丁橡胶装置溶剂叵收系统积垢中的晶体物相

采用粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）分析法鉴定顺丁橡胶装置溶剂回收系统积垢中的晶体物相。晶体物相鉴定结果为钠铁氯化物（NaFe＋2F3和Na3Fe＋3F6）.X射线荧光光谱（XRF）测定积垢含氯、钠、铁、碳、锰、氯元素。本试验对顺丁橡胶装置溶剂回收系统积垢技术分析和技改具有指导意义。     

液相催化加氢搅拌器形式、原理及其发展趋势

本文分别介绍了液相催化加氢中使用的各种搅拌器及其特点,轴流式搅拌器能在一定程度上达到催化剂悬浮与氢气分散的效果;组合式搅拌器对催化剂悬浮与氢气分散具有明显的优势;自吸式搅拌器在所有搅拌器中能提供最大的气液传质面积,得到最高的反应速率与氢气利用率,它将逐步成为新一代液相催化加氢装置的首选。     

Determination of Aldehydes in Environmental Water by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography - Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization with gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry analysis is reported for the determination of aldehydes in environmental water. Hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, E-2-decanal, and E, E-2,4-decadienal were employed to develop and validate this method. The effects of relevant parameters on the quantitative extraction of these analytes in this one-step procedure were systematically investigated. The aldehydes were extracted from environmental water by a poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene fiber using o-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluoro)-benzylhydroxylamine as the derivatization reagent. Under microwave-assisted heating, the aldehydes were transferred from water by headspace solid phase microextraction. Thus, efficient extraction and derivatization were simultaneously achieved. The recovery values ranged from 72.2–96.9%, and the relative standard deviation was between 4.1–14% for the aldehydes. The detection limits were from 0.001–0.005 µg L^?1. The method was validated illustrating its potential for the analysis of environmental water while offering simplicity and rapid analysis.     

Manufacture of a transformer oil from egyptian paraffinic base stocks via a hydrogenation process

This paper describes work aimed at producing a high‐quality transformer oil from local Egyptian paraffinic base stock by hydrogenation, or hydrogenation plus sulphonation. Analysis showed that the neutral base oil 70N was suitable for producing transformer oil. This neutral base oil was chemically treated by hydrogenation under various conditions of temperature, pressure, and time, using two different catalysts, and by hydrogenation followed by sulphonation using optimum conditions. Optimum hydrogenation conditions were achieved by using a Ni/Mo (10 wt. %) catalyst, at 275°C and 100 psi pressure for 60 min, while optimum sulphonation conditions were achieved in previous work by using oleum or SO₃ gas at a concentration of 6 wt. % at 35°C for 60 min. Laboratory results and field trials indicated that the neutral paraffinic base oil when so treated meets the IEC 296 international specification for transformer oil, with the exception of the pour point (−18°C). However, this pour point is not relevant in certain hot climatic conditions. Evaluation of the treated oil with commercial transformer oil has shown its potential for use.     

石化装置堵塞物中晶体定性分析

采用粉末X射线衍射法(XRPD)定性分析一石化装置堵塞物样品中的主要晶体成分。实验结果表明:本法对该石化装置静设备堵塞故障技术分析及技改具有重要的现实指导意义。     

A Semi-Automatic Batch Reactor for the Study of Vegetable Oil Hydrogenation

Abstract

A semi-automatic installation is described for carrying out studies related to the characterization of hydrogenation catalysts, mechanisms, and reactions. It consists of the installation of a reactor vessel for liquid substrates (having a capacity of up to 3 dm³), with an emulsifying mechanical agitator whose movement is transmitted by means of a magnetic coupler. Thermal handling and control is carried out by means of a solid aluminum thermostatic oven. With independent internal controlled heating, it is possible to determine caloric capacity. The instrument is shown, as are the results obtained from follow-up of soybean oil hydrogenation using a commercial Ni-SiO₂ catalyst. Aspects related to the hydrogenation reaction mechanism are shown and a simple and rapid method to obtain kinetic data from this reaction is suggested.     

金属减活剂作用机理的探讨

铜对油品的氧化具有很强的催化活性，人们普遍采用加入金属减活剂的方法来抑制它的催化活性。本文介绍了目前国内外在金属减活剂作用机理研究方面取得的成果，在此基础上，探讨了金属减活剂的作用机理与使用效果之间的关系；同时，初步研究了金属减活剂与抗氧剂复配的效果。     

Microstructural evolution of Cu-1 at% Ti alloy aged in a hydrogen atmosphere and its relation with the electrical conductivity

Copper alloys with titanium additions between 1 and 6 at% Ti emerge currently as attractive conductive materials for electrical and electronic commercial products, since they exhibit superior mechanical and electrical properties. However, their electrical conductivity is reduced owing to the residual amount of Ti solutes in the Cu solid solution (Cu_ss) phase. Since Cu shows only poor reactivity with hydrogen (H), while Ti exhibits high affinity to it, we were inspired by the idea that hydrogenation of Cu–Ti alloys would influence their microstructure, resulting in a significant change of their properties. In this contribution, the influence of aging under a deuterium (D₂) atmosphere of Cu-1 at% Ti alloys on their microstructure is investigated to explore the effects on the electrical conductivity. The specimens were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field ion microscopy (FIM), computer-aided field ion image tomography (cFIIT), and atom probe tomography (APT).