购房前应了解的基本知识

什么是公有住宅? 公有住宅,在我国也称公产住房、国有住宅。它是指由国家(中央政府或地方政府、城市政府)以及国有企业、事业单位投资兴建、销售的住宅,在住宅未出售之前,住宅的产权(拥有权、占有权、处分权、收益权)归国家所有。公有住宅主要由本地政府建设,主要向本城市居民出租出售;由企业建设的住宅,向本企业职工出租、出售。 什么是私有住宅? 私有住宅又称为私产住宅、私房,是由个人或家庭购买、建造的住宅。在农村,农民的住宅基本上是自建私有住宅。     

芬兰和英国的产业化钢结构住宅

鉴于欧洲钢结构住宅发展较早、产业化水平较高，本重点介绍了芬兰和英国的轻钢住宅产业化特点。芬兰传统的住宅类型为别墅住宅，本从住宅体系、轻钢住宅的制作安装、住宅的节能及造价等几个方面分析了芬兰的产业化轻钢住宅现状与芬兰的产业化轻钢住宅相比，英国的轻钢住宅在体系及住宅的施工方面也有一些自己的特色，特别是模块化住宅体系的应用。     

住宅建设的革命——CSI住宅

住宅部品对住宅的要求 住宅生产部品化,是住宅产业化的具体方法之一。 如何做好住宅部品与住宅体系的对接,是实现住宅部品标准化、规模化、系列化、工业化生产的关键。     

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正1征稿范围:住宅技术:住宅设计、养老住宅、被动节能房屋、成品住宅、工业化住宅、室内楼梯、集成吊顶、绿色住宅、整体卫浴间。行业热点:可持续居住与住宅产业化、城镇住宅建造、老年居住建筑、舒适家居等。     

CSI住宅 住宅产业化发展的必然选择

一、住宅产业化与CSI住宅 1、住宅产业化的含义 住宅产业化（Housing Industrialization）,是指用工业化生产的方式来建造住宅,以提高住宅生产的劳动生产率,提高住宅的整体质量,降低成本,降低物耗和能耗。这是弥补机械化生产欠缺和粗放型生产方式升级换代的必然要求。住宅产业化要使住宅建筑标准化,在标准化的基础上,采用大工业规模生产的方式生产住宅部品、部件产品,实现住宅生产、经营的一体化与住宅服务的社会化;     

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正1征稿范围:住宅技术:住宅设计、养老住宅、被动节能房屋、成品住宅、工业化住宅、室内楼梯、集成吊顶、绿色住宅、整体卫浴间。行业热点:可持续居住与住宅产业化、城镇住宅建造、老年居住建筑、舒适家居等。经典案例:典型居住建筑的项目介绍(整体概述、项     

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正1征稿范围:住宅技术:住宅设计、养老住宅、被动节能房屋、成品住宅、工业化住宅、室内楼梯、集成吊顶、绿色住宅、整体卫浴间。行业热点:可持续居住与住宅产业化、城镇住宅建造、老年居住建筑、舒适家居等。经典案例:典型居住建筑的项目介绍(整体概述、项     

绿色住宅与绿色营销

继“智能化住宅”之后,最近又有几个新概念在各类房地产广告中频频出现:绿色住宅、环保住宅、生态住宅和软住宅。我们认为这些住宅形态是绿色住宅的不同表现形式,可以统称为绿色住宅或生态住宅,围绕它们开展的营销活动,就是房地产的绿色营销。 绿色住宅是通过综合运用当代建筑学、生态学及其它科技成果,将     

住宅设计原理 第九讲 住宅分类及设计原则、套内功能分区

一、住宅建筑的分类 现代住宅建筑类型多样,“套或户”是组成各类住宅的基本单位。住宅建筑按组合方式可分为独户住宅和多户住宅。按层数可分为:1～3层低层住宅;4～6层多层住宅;7～9层中高层住宅;10～30层高层住宅。按居住者的类别可分为一般住宅、高级住宅、青年公寓、老人住宅、集体宿舍、伤残人住宅等。根据不同结构、材料、施工方法,也有按主体结构的不同特征将住宅分为砖混住宅、砌块住宅、大板住宅等多种类型。 二、多层住宅建筑设计原则 住宅是供家庭日常居住使用的建筑物,是人们为满足家庭生活需要,利用自己掌握的物质技术手     

芬兰和英国的产业化钢结构住宅

鉴于欧洲钢结构住宅发展较早、产业化水平较高,本文重点介绍了芬兰和英国的轻钢住宅产业化特点。芬兰传统的住宅 类型为别墅住宅,本文从住宅体系、轻钢住宅的制作安装、住宅的节能及造价等几个方面分析了芬兰的产业化轻钢住宅 现状。与芬兰的产业化轻钢住宅相比,英国的轻钢住宅在体系及住宅的施工方面也有一些自己的特色,特别是模块化住 宅体系的应用。     

中国绿道规划建设实践——从提级统筹到制度并轨

绿道在中国经过多年实践发展,在理论内涵、规划选线、综合效益等各方面都已有许多成果支撑.基于可公开获取的一系列文献资料,立足于绿道在中国各省市近20年的具体实践过程,梳理绿道在规划体系中的角色转变、在指标设置中的逐步细化和在管控上的落实方式,总结绿道实践在中国从提级统筹、常态认同到制度并轨3个阶段的发展变化,在展望绿道后...     

城外造景：清末广州景园营造与岭南 园林的近代转型

清末广州中西交汇,景园营造新旧共存互动,推 动岭南园林的近代转型。其中,在繁荣的中西贸易和文化交 流,以及书院文化、士绅文化等的影响下,清末岭南形成了 以广州为中心、十三行行商为代表、官商士绅竞相造园的特 殊历史时期,其造园数量、规模、意匠等均在该时期达到岭 南古典园林发展的巅峰。这一时期也是岭南园林近代转型的 关键时期。在西方文化和清末洋务运动思想的影响下,广州 开始出现洋务花园、公园、市政绿化,以及校园绿地等新型 园林形式。这些具有公共性质的城市景致与新建私园一道广 泛分布在城墙以外,成为清末广州城市空间拓展与风景体系 形成的重要参与者。由于清末广州城外造景的繁荣,从时间 上开启了岭南园林的近代转型,在空间上使岭南园林的地域 性特征得以形成和辨识,其空间性与时间性界定了清末岭南 园林近代转型的物质及文化维度。梳理了清末广州具有代表 性的景园营造活动,在分析其动力机制的同时,探讨城外造 景之于岭南园林近代转型的意义。     

探究“虚实”空间关系，创造个性化的城市空间场所

作者利用空间的“虚、实”概念,结合格斯塔心理学的“图底”关系,类比分析中国水墨画的留白艺术手法及生态系统中的细胞繁衍规律,通过张家界城市绿化广场周边地段的概念设计的创作实践,提出创造个性化的城市空间场所工作中虚实空间的理念与原则目标。     

Alteration of arsenopyrite in soils under different vegetation covers

The weathering of arsenopyrite (FeAsS) has been monitored in soils using an in situ experimental approach. Arsenopyrite in nylon experimental bags was placed in individual horizons in soils in spruce (litter, horizons A, B, and C), beech (litter, horizons A, B, and C) and unforested (horizons A, B, and C) areas and left in contact with the soil for a period of 1 year. The individual areas on the ridge of the Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic, had the same lithology, climatic and environmental conditions. Scorodite (FeAsO₄·2H₂O) was identified as a principal secondary mineral of arsenic (As) formed directly on the surface of the arsenopyrite. Scorodite was formed in all the areas in all soil horizons. The amount of scorodite formed decreased in the series beech, spruce and unforested areas. In forested areas, there was a larger amount of scorodite on arsenopyrites exposed in organic horizons (litter, A horizon). The greater rate of arsenopyrite alteration in organic horizons in the beech stand compared to spruce stand is probably a result of faster mineralization of organic material with resulting production of nitrate and better seepage conditions of soil in this area. Speciation of As determined using the sequential extraction technique demonstrated that As was bonded in the soils primarily in the residual fractions prior to the experiment. The As content in the mobile fractions increased in the organic horizon in the forested areas after the experiments.     

化学溶液和干湿循环作用下砂岩抗剪强度劣化试验及化学热力学分析

 为研究化学溶液和干湿循环共同作用下砂岩抗剪强度的劣化机制,在不同pH环境下,通过不同干湿循环次数后的单轴、三轴试验,计算出砂岩的黏聚力和内摩擦角,同时得到其与循环次数的关系式,进而获得砂岩在浸泡环境下抗剪强度随干湿循环次数的变化公式。根据砂岩的组成矿物及其百分含量,得到各种主要组成矿物在中性、碱性、酸性溶液中溶解的化学反应方程式,利用化学热力学的基本原理,确定各主要矿物在中性、碱性、酸性溶液浸泡下能否稳定。为了验证分析的正确性,对浸泡溶液中的部分离子(Ca2+,SiO2,Na+,K+)浓度进行测试。结果表明,酸性环境下,砂岩抗剪强度劣化最为严重,碱性次之,中性最轻。在酸性环境中,对抗剪强度影响较大的胶结物主要组成成分(长石、方解石)的性质不稳定,溶解反应能自发进行,而碱性环境中,对强度影响较小的骨料主要组成成分(石英)的性质不稳定,溶解反应能自发进行。酸性浸泡液中,方解石、钾长石、钠长石溶解出的Ca2+,K+,Na+的浓度明显高于中性和碱性液中Ca2+,Na+,K+的浓度,而碱性溶液中,石英溶解出的SiO2的浓度明显高于中性和酸性液中SiO2的浓度,与热力学分析结果一致。     

Health assessment of artisanal gold miners in Indonesia

Small scale miners use mercury to extract gold from ore in many countries. An environmental and health assessment was performed in Indonesia in two regions, Galangan in Central Kalimantan and Talawaan in Northern Sulawesi. The environmental assessment showed severe mercury contamination of the sediments, and increased mercury levels in local fish. For the health investigation 281 volunteers were recruited and examined by a standardized questionnaire, a neurological examination and neuro-psychological tests. A medical score was used consisting of significant factors of mercury intoxication. Mercury exposed workers showed typical symptoms of mercury intoxication, such as movement disorders (ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, etc.). Blood, urine and hair samples were taken from any participant and analyzed for mercury. The mercury concentration in the biomonitors was high, partly extreme high in the working population, increased in the population living in the same habitat and low in the control group. By a standard protocol which includes a combination of threshold values of mercury in the biomonitors and a medical sum score the diagnosis of chronic mercury intoxication was made for highly burdened workers (amalgam smelters) in 55% in Sulawesi and in 62% in Kalimantan. Less exposed mineral processors and the general population in the mining areas were also intoxicated to a high percentage.     

Cell phones for the spirits: ancestor worship and ritual economies in vietnam and its diasporas

Religion has been thriving in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since ??i m?i, the onset of market reforms in the late 1980s. Votive paper offerings, part of spiritual and economic well-being, play a crucial role in performing religious practices in the socialist country as well as among diasporic Vietnamese. In urban Hanoi, material objects made from paper are traded in marketplaces and later burned in the streets, in temples and pagodas, in private yards and other places on special occasions in order to be transmitted to the ancestors. In the past few years, the range of votive paper offerings produced, traded, and sent to the deceased has expanded to include new forms and references to new media. Drawing on recent debates in the role of media in religion and in particular on technologies of mediation, I focus on the use of votive paper offerings in the sociocultural context of the Vietnamese spirit world. I explore how new media and media technologies are embedded in multilayered processes of mediation in Vietnam and its diasporas. Taking religious practices of burning votive paper offerings as an ethnographic example, this essay aims to contribute to ongoing debates on popular religion and the sacred life of material goods in late socialist Vietnam, on its transnational ties, and on the entanglements between religion, media and materiality.     

建筑装饰之我见——建筑外形式的装饰艺术

建筑是一部人类文明史,建筑装饰艺术是其中最精美的语言,它记载着科学技术的发展和文化艺术的进步,它描绘出风土人情与时代风尚。本文主要论述了建筑外形式装饰艺术的涵义及设计要点,对建筑装饰艺术的形态构成、造型与装饰、装饰的视觉效应以及建筑外形式装饰艺术的个性和设计中应注意处理好的关系进行了讨论。     

Rooted in the home garden and in the nation's landscape: Women and the emerging Hebrew garden in Palestine

In the early 20th century, the Hebrew women in Palestine found the fulfillment of their economic, social, and emotional needs in gardening. Their gardens were women's means of shaping their surroundings, mainly in the family sphere but also in the community sphere (school and kindergarten gardens, kibbutz gardens). The project was an outcome of the shared interests of pioneer women, city dwellers, and Jewish women's organizations, which differed in their social status and life goals, yet shared a common fertile ground. Through the investigation of primary and secondary sources that deal with women, gardens and the history of the Zionist settlement in Palestine, this paper argues that planting gardens was the Hebrew women's modest way of creating a 'space of their own', where they nurtured and fostered beauty, productivity, self-esteem, mutual help and friendship, while overcoming class distinction. Meanwhile, in planting gardens, women gained a share in the Zionist nation-building project, which was primarily male dominated.     

冬季空调不加湿对室内参数的影响

基于质量守恒方程导出了冬季空调系统不加湿时房间内的含湿量计算式,综合考虑影响室内含湿量的主要因素,得出冬季空调可以不加湿时应满足的条件,考察了中国典型气候区代表性空调房间冬季空调不加湿时室内相对湿度能否满足设计要求。研究表明:中国各地区的商场,夏热冬冷地区的餐厅及三星级及以下酒店多功能厅,夏热冬暖地区的影剧院、办公室、酒店客房及多功能厅、餐厅,温和地区的办公室、三星级及以下酒店客房、酒店多功能厅及餐厅空调系统不加湿即可达到设计湿度要求;严寒地区及寒冷地区的影剧院、办公室、酒店客房、酒店多功能厅及餐厅,夏热冬冷地区的影剧院、办公室、酒店客房、四星级及以上酒店多功能厅以及温和地区的影剧院、四星级及以上酒店客房等房间的空调系统必须加湿才能达到设计要求。