基于TiO2/多壁碳纳米管复合光阳极和SnO2/多壁碳纳米管非铂对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池电子传输的改善EI北大核心CSCD

为了提高TiO2光阳极的电子传输速率,在TiO2中负载了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)。采用溶胶–凝胶水热法制备了TiO2/MWCNTs复合溶胶,利用电流体动力学方法制备了均匀的TiO2/MWCNTs复合薄膜,并用TiCl4对薄膜进行了优化。用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外可见吸收光谱仪对样品进行了表征分析。利用电化学阻抗谱和电流密度–电压曲线分析了基于TiO2/MWCNTs复合光阳极和SnO2/MWCNTs对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的光电性能。结果表明,MWCNTs的加入极大地加速了电子在薄膜中的传输,减少了电子与氧化态染料和I3–的复合;基于CNT-0.12(质量分数0.12%)复合光阳极的DSSC性能最佳(VOC=0.70 V,JSC=13.0 m A/cm2,ηFF=0.64,η=5.80%),与基于纯TiO2光阳极的DSSC(η=4.44%)相比,能量转换效率提高了30.6%。     

ZnS对CdS量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过静电纺丝技术,制备TiO2光阳极,在该光阳极上用连续离子吸附与反应法制备CdS／ZnS量子点,并与Pt对电极、多硫化合物电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池（QDSCs）。利用ZnS比CdS导带高的特点,制备CdS／ZnS共敏化量子点。利用X射线衍射对光阳极进行物相分析,扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪进行形貌和元素成分表征,并将组装后的电池通过伏安特性曲线（J-V）进行光电性能分析。结果表明：量子点的引入对TiO2的晶型影响不大;CdS／ZnS量子点成功的附着在TiO2光阳极表面,通过比较不同循玎沉积次数的CdS与Zn2量子点光阳极的光电性能。先对CdS循环浸泡7次、后对ZnS循环浔泡5次数的量子点,光电性能最优,拥有最高的开路电压（0．87V）和光电转换效率（1．09％）,与单独的CdS量子点敏化太阳能电池相比较,光电转换效率提高了71．56％。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中TiO2光阳极形貌研究进展

纳米TiO2具有合适的禁带宽度(3.2 eV)、良好的光电化学稳定性、价格低廉、易牢固吸附染料等优点,目前仍是应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)主要的半导体材料。TiO2光阳极是DSSC的重要组成部分之一,其晶体的形貌与DSSC的光电性能密切相关。本文综述了应用于DSSC中不同形貌TiO2光阳极,重点探讨了常规TiO2光阳极形貌,如纳米粒子、纳米棒、纳米线、纳米管;对新型TiO2光阳极及复合光阳极的形貌也作了介绍。讨论了不同形貌TiO2光阳极的制备方法及其结构对DSSC光电性能的影响,提出TiO2光阳极今后的研究方向是将不同形貌光阳极进行复合或混合掺杂来提高电子传输速率、优化TiO2薄膜厚度、控制TiO2薄膜中晶体结构抑制电荷再结合、提高电荷传输效率。     

以（Cu–Ce–Zr–O）–ScSZ为阳极的固体氧化物燃料电池的制备及性能

采用浸渍法制备掺Cu的Ce–Zr–O固溶体。以掺Cu的Ce–Zr–O固溶体和Sc2O3稳定的ZrO2（scandium oxide-stabilized zirconia,ScSZ）为原料,制备可抗积碳的（Cu–Ce–Zr–O）–ScSZ多孔阳极。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对固溶体和多孔阳极的物相组成和形貌进行表...     

染料敏化太阳电池TiO2光阳极研究进展

纳米TiO2是目前性能最为优良的染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)光阳极材料。文章系统综述了优化纳米TiO2光阳极的染料吸附、电子传输、再生染料等性能的技术和方法,主要包括纳米TiO2光阳极薄膜微结构的调控、TiO2光阳极的离子/元素掺杂、TiO2光阳极的表面包覆、TiO2光阳极的表面处理等方面的国内外研究进展,并分析了目前TiO2光阳极存在的主要问题及未来的发展方向。     

304不锈钢上纳米TiO2涂层的制备与防腐蚀性能研究

采用溶胶–凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在304不锈钢上制备出均匀致密、彩色透明的纳米TiO2防腐蚀涂层。制备的最佳工艺条件是提拉4次,400°C热处理1h。在w(NaCl)=3%的NaCl溶液中的电化学测试表明,纳米TiO2/304不锈钢在有紫外光照射下其腐蚀电位低于304不锈钢基体。纳米TiO2涂层作为非牺牲性阳极对304不锈钢基体具有阴极保护作用和优异的防腐蚀性能。     

负载型二氧化钛光阳极对茜素红的光电催化降解

以溶胶-凝胶拉提法在多孔泡沫镍基片上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光阳极,并通过均匀设计实验对其制备工艺进行了优化.对茜素红在固态TiO2薄膜光阳极上的催化降解进行了研究,考察了外加阳极偏压、支持电解质、外加氧化剂对目标物质降解效率的影响,通过紫外可见光谱扫描测定了降解过程中的染料溶液.实验结果表明:催化剂最佳制备工艺条件为焙烧温度450℃、TiO2镀膜涂覆5层、焙烧时间4 h.外加2.0 V阳极偏压时,催化降解效果最好;外加支持电解质NaCl、Na2SO4与外加氧化剂H2O2都可以显著地促进催化降解的效率.     

TiO2纳米管对十二烷基苯磺酸钠的光催化降解

以多孔阳极氧化铝为模板制备TiO2纳米管.研究锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管对降解低浓度的十二烷基苯磺酸钠的光催化作用.实验表明,与TiO2膜相比,TiO2纳米管对十二烷基苯磺酸钠的降解具有更好的光催化效果.     

（Ni–Mo）/TiO2纳米薄膜光电催化降解罗丹明B的性能

采用恒电流复合电沉积制备了（Ni–Mo）/TiO2薄膜,对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构和光谱特性进行了表征,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对薄膜的光电催化性能进行了测定,并分析了光电催化机理。结果表明：（Ni–Mo）/TiO2薄膜是粒径为50～100 nm的TiO2纳米粒子相和纳米晶Ni–Mo固溶体相构成的复合薄膜。薄膜具有优异的...     

二氧化钛包覆氧化锌纳米阵列光阳极的制备与性能

采用直流反应磁控溅射工艺,在ZnO纳米阵列的表面实现TiO2包覆,作为染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极,研究TiO2--ZnO核壳结构的形成机理和制备工艺对其光电性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪表征光阳极材料的成分与结构。测试电池组件的伏安特性曲线、电压-时间曲线和电化学阻抗谱,分析TiO2包覆对电子传输性能和光电转换效率的影响机理。结果表明:磁控溅射制备的TiO2颗粒完整地包覆ZnO纳米阵列,使得纳米棒表面形貌由六棱柱向圆柱状转变,间隙变窄,直径较ZnO纳米阵列有所增加,阵列有序度得到改善。随着延长染料吸附时间和TiO2包覆,光阳极界面电子传输阻抗显著增加,光生电子的寿命也得到提高。经过包覆的光阳极能够作为阻挡层钝化表面缺陷,抑制复合的发生,从而提高开路电压和填充因子。经过包覆的光阳极其光电转换效率相对于纯ZnO纳米阵列提高了132%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.