销钉机筒橡胶挤出机内胶料三维剪切效果模拟

采用流体力学计算软件Fluent,在对销钉机筒冷喂料挤出机熔融段和输送段的胶料进行三维流动数值模拟的基础上,考察螺杆转速、反向压差、销钉数量和销钉排间距对单位质量流量的平均体积剪切速率(χ)和剪切速率均方差(S)的影响.结果表明,χ适宜作为评判剪切效果的参数,螺杆转速是影响剪切效果的显著因素;在螺杆转速高于20 r·min-1时,χ的变化具有规律性,S的变化趋势与小于20 r·min-1时相反.     

销钉机筒挤出机内物料流动与混合效果的数值模拟

在单螺杆挤出简化模型的基础上 ,采用滑移网格技术 ,考虑销钉与螺杆相对运动的条件 ,分别研究销钉数量、销钉排间距、螺槽宽度、拖曳速度对螺杆圆周展开面内物料流动与混合效果的影响。结果表明 :销钉及螺棱切槽对物料具有明显的强化混合作用 ,减小销钉排间距及螺槽宽度、增大销钉数量和提高拖曳速度都会改善混合效果。对于Φ90销钉挤出机 ,每排 68枚销钉、销钉排间距为 60 72mm、螺槽宽度为 5 4mm左右、转速为 2 5 5 0r·min- 1 时可达到较好的混合效果     

影响螺旋啮合冷喂料挤出机挤出温度的因素之实验与分析

关于φ120螺旋啮合冷喂料挤出机中螺杆转速、喂料量以及销钉排数等因素对挤出机挤出温度的影响的实验研究获得了一系列数据,同时对其结果进行了定性分析.这为挤出机的选型、设计和使用操作提供了参考依据.     

销钉机筒挤出机塑化段传热温度模型研究

通过建立简化的销钉机筒挤出机塑化段物理模型，从流变分析中的能量方程出发，导出销钉机筒挤出机塑化段温度的传热模型；结合试验数据，拟合出挤出温度随螺杆转速变化的曲线。结果表明，曲线可分为急速增长段、平缓增长段和稳定增长段3部分，且平缓增长段是挤出温度、质量和能耗综合指标最佳的区间。     

同向旋转双螺杆挤出机计量段中聚合物挤出的模拟

建立了非牛顿粘性聚合物熔体在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机计量段中的三维 非等温流动模型,利用网络叠合技术分析挤出机计量段内速度、温度、压力、粘度、粘性耗散热的分布以及螺杆转速、轴向压差对挤出量的影响。     

三螺杆挤出机的建压能力与功耗特性

采用有限元数值计算方法模拟了聚合物熔体PP在三螺杆挤出机熔融段的稳态流动过程。借助后处理软件,获得流道两端压力、流量及黏性散热,通过积分后处理得到压差、功耗等评价指标,分析了三螺杆挤出机不同工艺条件下的建压能力和功耗特性。同时进行自制模拟机的实验,通过探究不同工艺条件下压差和能耗的变化规律同数值计算结果进行对比以验证可靠性。研究结果表明:三螺杆挤出机的建压能力随螺杆转速的增加而增强,随喂料量的增加而降低;功耗随螺杆转速和喂料量的增加呈不同趋势。     

销钉式冷喂料挤出机供胶系统在轮胎钢丝帘布压延中的应用

介绍销钉式冷喂料挤出机在钢丝帘布压延中的应用。Φ200 mm销钉式冷喂料挤出机主要由机头、机筒、喂料段、螺杆、主机减速箱、润滑系统、温度控制系统和电气控制系统组成。当螺杆转速在15~25 r·min-1时,螺杆转速与排胶量线性关系较好。与开炼机供胶系统相比,销钉式冷喂料挤出机供胶系统供给的胶料门尼粘度降幅明显减小,炭黑分散性能较好。用销钉式冷喂料挤出机供胶系统代替开炼机供胶系统,钢丝帘布胶加工性能和物理性能大幅提升,生产能耗和制造成本降低。     

橡胶在销钉机筒挤出机中的流动分析

建立了销钉机筒挤出机的非牛顿流体流动模型,并计算出压力场、流动场和螺杆的特性曲线,结果表明,随着流体非牛顿特性的增强,螺杆的生产能力降低;随着螺杆螺槽上切口的增多,逆流增多,挤出产量降低,机筒上的销钉对挤出特性影响很小,销钉式挤出机的挤出特性与螺杆上有切口的挤出机的挤出特性相似。     

沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化特性的实验研究

采用剖分式机筒单螺杆挤出机实验平台,对熔融段沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化过程中熔融起始点、熔融长度、熔体温度/压力等塑化性能及产量进行了实验研究,比较了不同物料在不同工艺条件下对沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机塑化特性的影响。结果表明,增大螺杆转速或提高机筒温度,塑化过程实际所需熔融长度增加,但对熔融起始点影响不大;熔融段机筒沟槽内熔体温度和熔体压力随螺杆转速增大无明显变化;随螺杆转速增大,沟槽机筒单螺杆挤出机挤出产量呈线性增加,表现出良好的挤出特性。     

工艺条件对沥青炭纤维/ABS树脂复合材料导电性及力学性能的影响

研究了单螺杆挤出机挤出温度及螺杆转速对沥青炭纤维填充ＡＢＳ树脂复合材料导电性及力学性能的影响。结果表明,纤维经挤出后,纤维长度有不同程度的降低,长径比减小,随着挤出的升高及螺杆转速的降低,纤维长径比增大,挤出条件对复合材料电性能及力学性能的影响主要可归结为长径比对材料的影响,随着长径比增加,复合材料的导电性及拉伸强度均有增大。此外,复合材料导电性及拉伸强度随复合材料中纤维填加量的增多而增大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.