喷雾干燥与冷冻干燥玉米肽工艺的比较研究

以酶解法制备的玉米肽为原料,对其冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥的工艺进行研究。确定冷冻干燥条件为预冷温度－30℃,预冷时间2h;加热温度从－10℃开始18h后缓慢升温,达到25℃,并保持到干燥终点。喷雾干燥的最佳工艺参数为进风温度180℃,进样速度为30ml/min,离心雾化器转速为20000r/min。并对两种干燥方法制得产品的理化特性进行了比较。     

真空冷冻干燥技术在三七加工中的应用

介绍了真空冷冻干燥的基本原理，并据三七的特点，探讨三七真空冷冻干燥的工艺流程及特点，简要分析了三七冷冻干燥的前景。     

Opportunities and Challenges in Application of Forward Osmosis in Food Processing

Food processing and preservation technologies must maintain the fresh-like characteristics of food while providing an acceptable and convenient shelf life as well as assuring safety and nutritional value. Besides, the consumers’ demand for the highest quality convenience foods in terms of natural flavor and taste, free from additives and preservatives necessitated the development of a number of membrane-based non-thermal approaches to the concentration of liquid foods, of which forward osmosis has proven to be the most valuable one. A series of recent publications in scientific journals have demonstrated novel and diverse uses of this technology for food processing, desalination, pharmaceuticals as well as for power generation. Its novel features, which include the concentration of liquid foods at ambient temperature and pressure without significant fouling of membrane, made the technology commercially attractive. This review aims to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with this technology. At the same time, it presents a comprehensive account of recent advances in forward osmosis technology as related to the major issues of concern in its rapidly growing applications in food processing such as concentration of fruit and vegetable juices (grape, pineapple, red raspberry, orange, and tomato juice and red radish juice) and natural food colorants (anthocyanin and betalains extracts). Several vibrant and vital issues such as recent developments in the forward osmosis membrane and concentration polarization aspects have been also addressed. The asymmetric membrane used for forward osmosis poses newer challenges to account both external and internal concentration polarization leading to significant reduction in flux. The recent advances and developments in forward osmosis membrane processes, mechanism of water transport, characteristics of draw solution and membranes as well as applications of forward osmosis in food processing have been discussed.     

膜分离技术与真空冷冻干燥技术在茶加工上的应用

膜分离技术与真空冷冻干燥技术在速溶茶加工上应用的原理及优越性，以及速溶茶的广阔前景。     

国内真空冻干设备及冻干食品的考察报告

介绍了我国冻干设备和冻干食品的发展现状及展望了新疆冻干食品的发展前景。     

真空冻干设备及冻干食品的考察报告

简要介绍了我国冻干设备和冻干食品的发展现状及发展新疆冻干食品的前景。     

提高真空冷冻干燥速率的研究

随着科学技术和经济的发展 ,人们的饮食结构和消费观念的变化 ,加快了冻干食品的发展。然而 ,真空冷冻干燥的速率较低 ,冻干时间一般较长 ,操作费用较高 ,导致冻干食品的生产成本较高 ,从而限制了冻干食品的发展。所以 ,如何采取措施 ,提高干燥速率 ,降低成本 ,对冻干食品的发展具有重要的意义。本文从冷冻干燥的理论和操作的全过程分析了影响冻干速率的各种因素 ,研究了提高干燥速率的各种措施 ,以供实际操作时参考     

FD草莓丁的涂膜及其热风干燥

冷冻干燥虽然可以最大程度地保持草莓丁的色、香、味,但冻干草莓丁复水后质构萎蔫以及口感的丧失限制了FD苹莓丁在液态载体中的应用.研究了冷冻干燥草莓丁复水的涂膜工艺.通过对复原比、色泽两个指标的考察,确定出最佳的膜溶液配比及最佳干燥温度.此外,还测定了冻干草莓丁涂膜后的热风干燥曲线以及不同温度下的复原比.     

Effects of Spray Drying and Freeze Drying on the Properties of Protein Isolate from Rice Dreg Protein

This work was done to investigate the effects of different drying methods in the preparation of rice protein isolates (RPIs), as the understanding could provide useful information regarding applications of plant proteins in the food industry. RPI from rice dreg protein, a cheap by-product from the production of rice syrups, was extracted using an alkali solution along with isoelectric precipitation, and subsequently dried by freeze drying (FD-RPI) or spray drying (SD-RPI). The differences in biochemical, physical, and structural characteristics were observed for the dried proteins. SD-RPI had higher protein solubility and emulsifying activity at the pH values between 5 and 11, with higher foaming capacities (127.08?±?2.25 % compared to 118.83?±?2.71 %) than FD-RPI. However, FD-RPI had larger mean diameter (2,114.2?±?79.6 nm compared to 490.4?±?44.8 nm of SD-RPI), higher water/oil holding capacity (p?<?0.05), and thermal stability. In addition, FD-RPI contained more β-turn structures (43.04 % compared to 25.81 %), and less β-sheet and random coils than SD-RPI, indicating that the more compact and ordered conformations of FD-RPI might be related to their physicochemical and functional properties. The choice of drying method could significantly influence physicochemical and conformational properties of RPIs, consequently determining their specific functional properties. The understanding of drying effects on their properties could assist in selecting the appropriate drying method to optimize the utilization of RPIs in the food industry.     

热风和微波结合干燥荔枝加工工艺研究

本试验对以荔枝鲜果为原料,通过热风干燥和微波干燥相结合制作荔枝干果的加工工艺进行了研究。研究结果表明,荔枝鲜果经预处理后,用70℃的热风干燥至50％的水分含量,再以240g/kW的微波处理量进行干燥,所得荔枝干果品质最佳。采用PA＆PE复合包装袋加脱氧剂的包装方法,其保质效果最好,贮藏期在9个月以上。     

Identification of Antimutagenic Properties of Anthocyanins and Other Polyphenols from Rose (Rosa centifolia) Petals and Tea

Petals from different rose (Rosa centifolia) cultivars (“passion,” “pink noblesse,” and “sphinx”) were assessed for antimutagenicity using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase B (rpoB)‐based Rif ^S→Rif ^R (rifampicin sensitive to resistant) forward mutation assay against ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐induced mutagenesis. The aqueous extracts of rose petals from different cultivars exhibited a wide variation in their antimutagenicity. Among these, cv. “passion” was found to display maximum antimutagenicity. Upon further fractionation, the anthocyanin extract of cv. “passion” displayed significantly higher antimutagenicity than its phenolic extract. During thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, the anthocyanin extract got resolved into 3 spots: yellow (R_f: 0.14), blue (R_f: 0.30), and pink (R_f: 0.49). Among these spots, the blue one displayed significantly higher antimutagenicity than the other 2. Upon high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis, this blue spot further got resolved into 2 peaks (R_t: 2.7 and 3.8 min). The 2nd peak (R_t: 3.8 min) displaying high antimutagenicity was identified by ESI‐IT‐MS/MS analysis as peonidin 3‐glucoside, whereas less antimutagenic peak 1 (R_t: 2.7) was identified as cyanidin 3, 5‐diglucoside. The other TLC bands were also characterized by ESI‐IT‐MS/MS analysis. The least antimutagenic pink band (R_f: 0.49) was identified as malvidin 3‐acetylglucoside‐4‐vinylcatechol, whereas non‐antimutagenic yellow band (R_f: 0.14) was identified as luteolinidin anthocyanin derivative. Interestingly, the anthocyanin extracted from rose tea of cv. “passion” exhibited a similar antimutagenicity as that of the raw rose petal indicating the thermal stability of the contributing bioactive(s). The findings thus indicated the health protective property of differently colored rose cultivars and the nature of their active bioingredients.     

玫瑰茄花色苷的纯化及其热降解稳定性

本实验以玫瑰茄花色苷为原料,研究了花色苷纯化的条件,以及添加不同稳定剂下花色苷溶液的热降解稳定性。结果表明:纯化花色苷的优化条件为上样浓度为600 mg/L,平衡3 h,上样体积为183 mL;洗脱剂为60%乙醇,洗脱流速为1 mL/min。纯化后的玫瑰茄花色苷冻干粉末,其色价为43.10±2.17,回收率为83.62%±5.72%,花色苷含量为216.50±1.83mg/g。添加1.0%海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素(Carboxymethylcellulose,CMC)和β-环糊精的三组玫瑰茄花色苷溶液在80、90和100℃三个温度下的降解均符合一级动力学方程,降解速率常数均随着温度的升高而增大,半衰期随着温度的升高而减小。β-环糊精具有很好的延缓花色苷降解的潜力,随着β-环糊精浓度的增加,花色苷的降解速率越来越小。80℃下加热150 min后,花色苷溶液中a*值减小,b*值增加,β-环糊精的浓度增加有利于维持花色苷的红度,其中1.5%β-环糊精组的护色效果最佳。     

Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis Recovery of Limonene from Citrus Processing Waste Streams

Commercial ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were used to concentrate the terpene, limonene, present in cold pressed oil centrifuge effluent and molasses evaporator condensate. UF membrane rejections were 78–97% for mixtures with initial limonene concentrations from 0.04–0.6%v/v. RO membrane rejection of limonene ranged from 87–99% for feed streams containing 0.06–0.23% limonene. Initial membrane flux rates for centrifuge effluents were in the range 10–100 kg/m²/hr. Evaporator condensate fluxes were higher, 25–400, while pure water rates ranged from 25 (RO) to 1000 kg/m²/hr (UF). Contact with limonene adversely affected membrane flux rates in decreasing order of severity: polysulfone > cellulose acetate > teflon-type.     

远红外辅助热泵干燥食用玫瑰花瓣及产品品质分析

为了探究远红外辅助热泵干燥食用玫瑰花瓣的可行性以及远红外辅助热泵干燥对食用玫瑰花品质的影响。本文以远红外辅助热泵技术干燥食用玫瑰花瓣,研究不同热泵温度（40、50、60 ℃）和远红外辅助方式（远红外分别在热泵干燥的全程、前程或后程辅助）下的干燥特性,以及对玫瑰花瓣品质和生物活性成分的影响。结果表明,热泵温度60 ℃条件下干燥45 min时,单位能耗除湿量最大,为2.73 g/(kW·h),确定该时刻为划分干燥前程和后程的时间点。当热泵温度60 ℃,远红外功率4 kW,采用远红外后程辅助热泵干燥时,干燥时间最短,总能耗最低,干燥120 min后湿基含水率为11.59%。与单一热泵干燥相比,干燥时间缩短33.33%,总能耗降低36.18%,产品原花青素、维生素C和多糖成分均得到较好保持,DPPH自由基清除率最高,且更接近于新鲜玫瑰花的色泽。利用tian model方程可以较好地拟合玫瑰花瓣在远红外辅助热泵干燥过程中的水分含量变化。研究表明远红外辅助热泵技术干燥食用玫瑰花瓣安全、高效,能耗较低,产品品质高,该技术有望在行业内试行推广。     

蓝莓花青素的抗氧化活性对比及其稳定性分析

本文研究不同提取工艺对蓝莓花青素抗氧化活性的影响,以及对微波波辅助提取得到的蓝莓花青素的稳定性进行了分析。通过1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧自由基(O2-·)等体外抗氧化实验评价不同提取工艺所提取的蓝莓花青素抗氧化活性,并分析光照、pH、温度、葡萄糖以及有机酸对蓝莓花青素保存率的影响。结果显示,乙醇浸取法、丙酮浸取法和微波辅助提取法的蓝莓花青素的得率分别为4.46%、4.41%和4.92%。蓝莓花青素的体外抗氧化活性在0.25~4.0 mg/mL范围内有浓度依赖性,微波辅助提取法获得的蓝莓花青素浓度为4.0 mg/mL时,DPPH·清除率、·OH清除率和O2-·清除率分别为86.59%、56.85%和88.65%,均显著高于乙醇浸提法、丙酮浸提法(p<0.05)。蓝莓花青素在强光、碱性、高温及抗坏血酸存在的环境下较为不稳定,而葡萄糖和柠檬酸则对蓝莓花青素的稳定性有一定的保护作用。     

最大升华速率下酸乳冷冻干燥过程的模拟、控制及生产率优化

本文采用过程分解的方法研究在干燥各阶段使浓缩酸乳升华速率最大所需要的操作参数。假设浓缩酸乳冷冻干燥过程中冻结层温度Ti由冻结终点温度Tf经过每K温度上升到熔点温度T0，以冻结层温度Ti时升华速率最大为目标，以纯冰在Ti时最大升华速率计算模型为基础，推导出冻结浓缩酸乳在Ti时以最大速率升华所允许的最大物料厚度δiy的计算模型及对应的升华时间tiy的计算模型：以物质能量平衡原理推导出Ti时最大速率升华所需的搁板温度Tis的计算模型。以∑δiy、∑tiy作为浓缩酸乳冷冻干燥实验的物料厚度、总干燥时间，以相应干燥时间的Tis计算值作为实验过程中的搁板温度进行浓缩酸乳冷冻干燥实验。实验表明：预冻终温-30、-28、-26℃，物料厚度19、13、8mm的浓缩酸乳在预测干燥周期21．5、10．2、5．2h时，延长预测时间的10％继续干燥，获得的制品含水量3％～5％，能达到冻干食品含水量要求。