脉冲载荷影响岩石动态断裂韧性的有限元分析

依据岩石材料的力学性质以及中心裂纹圆盘试件在脆性材料断裂韧度测试方面的优越性,提出了在霍布金森压杆上使用中心裂纹圃盘试件来测试岩石动态断裂韧度的试验方法。利用有限元分析软件,通过对该试验系统的纯Ⅰ型加载情况下的三维动力学有限元计算,系统的分析了加载脉冲上升沿对岩石类材料动态断裂韧度测试的影响。通过比较中心裂纹圆盘试件动态应力强度因子的近场解和远场解,依据有限元分析结果确定动载荷脉冲上升沿时间对岩石动态应力强度因子的影响,从而选择合理的时间值。     

高温后花岗岩断裂特性的加载速率效应研究

为考察温度和加载速率对花岗岩断裂特性的影响规律,对25~800℃之间5种温度水平高温后的中心直裂纹花岗岩巴西圆盘试样分别进行了5种加载速率下的室内劈裂试验.结果表明:圆盘的荷载-位移曲线呈现典型的脆性特征,但随温度的升高,脆性特征逐渐弱化,与加载速率相比,温度对曲线的发展趋势影响较大;随温度的升高,花岗岩断裂韧度逐渐减小且在400℃时发生突变;不同温度条件下断裂韧度随加载速率的增大逐渐增加,但增加幅度逐渐减小最终趋于平缓,具有明显的加载速率效应,提出了相应的经验公式KIC=A+B/(v+C),其中随温度的升高,参数A逐渐降低,参数B波动较小,而参数C逐渐增大,同时获得了花岗岩材料断裂韧度的下限值KIC0.     

岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试技术和理论研究综述

岩石断裂韧度是用来表示岩石抵抗裂纹起裂和扩展能力的参数,它的测试比一般的强度测试存在更大的困难.介绍了Ⅰ型静态断裂韧度测试技术以及研究现状与进展,并提出一些关于测试方法的建议.指出圆盘试件在进行岩石断裂韧度的测试时,具有体积较小,加载方便,以及可以进一步实现Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型复合型加载的优点,不断发展和完善采用圆盘试件进行岩石断裂韧度的测试技术不仅是一项有意义而且十分迫切的工作.     

岩石材料动态断裂韧性的实验研究

为了研究岩石类材料的动态力学性能及动态破坏机理,防止出现岩石爆裂造成灾难性破坏,根据中心裂纹圆盘试件断裂韧性测试方法和分离式霍普金森压杆的基本原理,在SHPB装置上测试了花岗岩的动态断裂韧性。对测试结果按照SHPB基本原理进行处理,以试件两端平均载荷带入准静态公式得到动态断裂韧性。处理结果表明,用试件两端平均载荷获得岩石动态断裂韧性的实验方法有效的;花岗岩的动态断裂韧性具有加载速率相关性,随着加载速率的增加断裂韧性增大。     

岩石动态断裂性能的Ⅱ型能量型尺寸效应与应变率效应研究

目前对Ⅱ型能量型尺寸效应与应变率效应的物理本质还没有解释清楚.利用霍普金森压杆系统(SHPB)对一种带预制裂纹的半巴西圆盘岩石试件进行加载,对比不同试件尺寸和不同应变率情况下试件的起裂韧度,探究岩石材料动态Ⅱ型尺寸效应和应变率效应的规律.结果表明:岩石起始断裂韧度随着加载速度的增大,近似呈线性增大,表现出明显的应变率效应;在相同的加载速度情况下,岩石的起始断裂韧度随着试件的尺寸增大而增加,且岩石断裂韧度的尺寸效应会随着应变率的增加而增强,即更高的加载速度会使得Ⅱ型能量型尺寸效应更明显.     

基于NSCB石灰岩试样的加载速率和尺寸效应对其断裂韧度的影响研究

为研究试样不同尺寸和加载速率对岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度试验值的影响,采用石灰岩制作圆盘直径30,50,75,100,150 mm 5种几何相似的中心直裂纹半圆盘试样(notched semi-circular bend,NSCB),在RMT-150B岩石力学试验系统上对NSCB试样进行5种加载速率(0.002,0.02,0.2...     

PMMA断裂韧度尺寸相关性的实验研究

为了研究断裂韧度的尺寸相关性,采用中心裂纹圆盘试件,在岛津材料试验机上对有机玻璃(PMMA)纯Ⅰ型、纯Ⅱ型准静态加载条件下的断裂行为进行了实验研究。结果表明,PMMA的断裂韧度与试件的裂纹相对长度α相关,且在试验尺寸范围内I型断裂韧度KIc和Ⅱ型断裂韧度KⅡc均随α增加而降低;KIc受α的影响相对较大,而KⅡc受α的影响相对较小。PMMA的Ⅱ型断裂韧度KⅡc小于I型断裂韧度KIc。     

岩石动态断裂试验

对于ＩＳＴＲＯＮ试验机，开发了高速加载试验控制软件，并利用该软件进行岩石动态断裂韧度试验研究，试验表明：ＩＮＳＴＲＯＮ试验机和开发的软件结合，能对各种材料进行动态断裂试验，并能揭示岩石动态断裂韧度存在的某些特征，是在中等应变速率加载范围内进行高速加载试验的理想工具。     

X70管线钢韧-脆断裂转变研究

在不同温度下研究了X70管线钢动态断裂韧度K1d。J1d和止裂韧度K1,以及夏氏V型缺口冲击韧度(CVN)。研究表明，断裂韧度受温度和加载速率的影响较为强烈；当温度由213K向193K逐渐降低而加载速率逐渐从0．01向1000mm／s增大时，断裂韧度逐渐减小：在恒温下，增大加载速率可以诱发韧-脆断裂转变，应引起足够重视。     

花岗岩和混凝土动态拉伸性能研究

为了研究岩石类材料在高加载率下的动态拉伸性能,利用纯铜波形整形器改进后的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置(SHPB),在不同加载率下分别对花岗岩和混凝土试件进行了动态巴西圆盘实验.基于实验结果,分析了岩石类材料的动态拉伸破坏时间、劈裂破坏模式、动态拉伸应变和拉伸应力的加载率相关性规律.通过对比研究表明岩石类材料在高加载率下抗拉强度的加载率敏感性远大于其抗压强度,混凝土的动态力学性能的加载率敏感性大于花岗岩.     

Effect of specimen thickness on Mode II fracture toughness of rock

Anti-symmetric four-point bending specimens with different thickness, without and with guiding grooves, were used to conduct Mode II fracture test and study the effect of specimen thickness on Mode II fracture toughness of rock. Numerical calculations show that the occurrence of Mode II fracture in the specimens without guiding grooves (when the inner and outer loading points are moved close to the notch plane) and with guiding grooves is attributed to a favorable stress condition created for Mode II fracture, i.e. tensile stress at the notch tip is depressed to be lower than the tensile strength or to be compressive stress, and the ratio of shear stress to tensile stress at notch tip is very high. The measured value of Mode II fracture toughness K _{II C} decreases with the increase of the specimen thickness or the net thickness of specimen. This is because a thick specimen promotes a plane strain state and thus results in a relatively small fracture toughness. Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 49672164) Biography of the first author: RAO Qiu-hua, doctor of engineering, born in 1965, majoring in rock fracture mechanics.     

UHTCC与钢材界面的剪切型断裂试验研究

为了将超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)应用于大跨径钢箱梁桥,研究双材料界面的力学性能. 采用无切口单边对称加载复合试件,研究UHTCC与钢材界面剪切型裂缝扩展过程. 利用数字图像相关法(DIC),验证该方法用于定量测定双材料界面剪切型断裂韧度的可行性,探究不同界面处理方式对复合试件界面剪切型断裂韧度的影响. 试验结果表明,采用UHTCC-钢材无切口单边对称加载复合试件,结合DIC技术可以实现界面纯剪切型断裂韧度的定量测试;不同界面处理方式对UHTCC与钢材界面剪切型断裂韧度的影响均较小;UHTCC与钢材界面具有较高的剪切断裂韧度,抗剪切性能良好.     

Tests and simulation analysis on fracture performance of concrete

To obtain the fracture parameters of concrete, fracture tests were conducted with three-point bending beam method aiming at 30 concrete beams with different sizes and different intensity. The concrete specimen with prefabricated crack to determine the fracture parameters of concrete were conducted and the fracture performance of the specimen was analyzed. The test results show that, initial fracture toughness is unrelated to the size of specimens; while unstable fracture toughness is related to the size of specimens. As for specimens of bastard size, when concrete intensity is relatively low, unstable fracture toughness increases along with the increase of intensity; when concrete intensity is relatively high, unstable fracture toughness will decrease; when concrete intensity increases continuously, unstable fracture toughness will further increase somewhat. As for specimens of standard size, unstable fracture toughness will increase along with the increase of intensity. Aiming at concrete beam specimens, we conducted two-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis, obtained the stress intensity factor, and carried out contrastive analysis with the experimental results.     

复合型加载条件下扁平巴西圆盘应力强度因子计算方法

复合型裂纹的研究具有重要的工程实用价值。使用解析分析与有限元数值分析相结合的方法,对复合型加载条件下扁平巴西圆盘试件的应力强度因子进行了系统的分析。计算结果表明:在一定载荷分布角范围内,可使用分布载荷作用下巴西圆盘应力强度因子的公式去计算扁平巴西圆盘试件的应力强度因子;在断裂力学中圣维南原理依然成立。根据计算结果,推荐在扁平巴西圆盘断裂实验中使用载荷分布角为7.25°的扁平巴西圆盘试件。     

Relationship between diameter of split Hopkinson pressure bar and minimum loading rate under rock failure

In order to investigate the relationship between bar diameter and loading rate of the split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） setup under the failure of rock specimen and realize the medium strain rate loading of specimen, new SHPB setups with different elastic bar＇s diameters of 22, 36, 50 and 75 mm were constructed. The tests were carried out on these setups at different loading rates, and the specimens had the same diameter of elastic bars and same ratio of length to diameter. The test results show that the larger the elastic bar＇s diameter is, the less the loading rate is needed to cause specimen failure, they show good power relationship, and that under the same strain rate loading, specimens are broken more seriously with larger diameter SHPB setup than with smaller one.     

Mode II fracture analysis of double edge cracked circular disk subjected to different diametral compression

A detailed analysis of modeⅡstress intensity factors(SIFs) for the double edge cracked Brazilian disk subjected to different diametral compression is presented using a weight function method. The mode Ⅱ SIFs at crack tips can be obtained by simply calculating an integral of the product of mode Ⅱ weight function and the shear stress on the prospective crack faces of uncracked disk loaded by a diametral compression. A semi-analytical formula for the calculation of normalized mode Ⅱ SIF, fⅡ , is derived for different crack lengths (from 0.1 to 0.7) and inclination angles (from 10^。 to 75^。) with respect to loading direction. Comparison between the obtained results and finite element method solutions shows that the weight function method is of high precision. Combined with the authors‘ previous work on modeⅠfracture analysis, the new specimen geometry can be used to study fracture through any combination of mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ loading by a simple alignment of the crack relative to the diameter of compression loading, and to obtain pure mode Ⅱ crack extension. Another advantage of this specimen geometry is that it is available directly from rock core and is also easy to fabricate.     

Use of double edge-cracked Brazilian disk geometry for compression-shear fracture investigation of rock

A new specimen geometry-the double edge-cracked Brazilian disk and a relevant fracture analysis by weight function method are proposed for the investigation of rock fracture caused by compression-shear loading. Not only can the mixed mode fracture with any ratio of KI /KII be achieved, but also the pure mode n crack extension can be obtained. The combined mode fracture analysis for this geometry shows that diametral compression in the far-field can induce a compression-shear stress state in the singular stress field ahead of crack tips. Experimental investigations conducted on marble specimens show that the pure mode [I crack extension can be obtained when the dimen-sionless crack length a>0. 7 and the inclined crack angle 5°≤ψ≤40°. Normalized mode I and mode II stress intensity factors decrease from -0. 45 and 2. 47 at ψ= 5° to - 1. 65 and 1. 52 at ψ=40°, respectively. The strains at three points of specimen are also measured in order to investigate the influence of stress singularity on initi     

玄武岩纤维混凝土三点弯曲梁的断裂性能

为探讨玄武岩纤维混凝土(BFRC)的断裂性能,采用《水工混凝土断裂试验规程》的三点弯曲梁法,制作缝高比为0.4的不同纤维长度及掺量的混凝土试件,利用MTS试验机对试件进行加载试验,得到玄武岩纤维混凝土三点弯曲梁的试验结果,并对P-CMOD曲线、起裂韧度、失稳韧度及断裂能等断裂参数进行分析,结果表明：掺入玄武岩纤维后,试件的断裂性能得到了提升,纤维掺量越多,纤维长度越长,P-CMOD曲线的下降段越饱满;纤维长度为18 mm、掺量为1.5%的试件起裂韧度及失稳断裂韧度的提升最为明显;纤维长度为12 mm、掺量为1.5%的试件断裂能最大。