基于ARM7车载式高速公路平整度测试仪研制

该文设计的车栽式高速公路平整度测试仪,在行车速度达50km/h的情况下,实现高速公路纵向平整度的检测.其利用激光角度传感器的输出电压变化量,进行角度转换,再经过正弦函数几何运算求出每个采样点的凹陷深度与凸起高度,进而得到表征路面平整度的两个重要参数:平整度均方差σ及国际平整度指数IRI.该仪器也可以测量高速公路横向的车辙状态,可以实现一机两用.仪器在西铜高速公路上进行测定,使用状态良好,具有测量精度高、体积小、携带方便、功耗低、功能全等特点.     

一种新型地面平整度检测装置

传统的地面平整度检测,难以迅速地精准定位,在测量过程中需设置多个测量点读取测量标杆上的数字,容易出现纰漏或误差,加上地面平整度与灌溉、地表径流、土壤水分入渗速率及地表积水等息息相关,是农业节水过程中一项非常重要的指标。针对目前存在的采样点间隔距离远、采样精度低、测量时间长、测距传感器量程小、测量装置价位高等问题,设计一套土地平整度传感测定评价系统,该发明公开了一种新型地面平整度检测装置,包括履带式遥控小汽车和激光放线仪。通过遥控器控制履带式遥控小汽车移动,激光放线仪射出的水平光线照射到感光贴条上,当地面的误差超过允许的范围时,触发传感器指示灯亮,当小车再次达到符合地面时激光照射到正常的测量范围时,不再触发传感器,小车在移动中对地面进行测量,装置操作简单,灵活节省时间和人力,同时也可以提供更多更精确的侧点,减少人工测量产生的纰漏和误差。     

基于激光雷达技术的路面平整度算法

平整度是路面运营养护状况评价的重要指标,传统路面平整度指标检测受人为因素影响大,检测效率低、成本高。基于激光雷达技术动态采集路面空间深度信息,通过选择合适的计算区域、加权滑动窗口滤波、采集设备的倾角消除等方法对数据进行分析处理,实现路面平整度标准差和国际平整度指数的快速计算。结果表明,基于激光雷达技术的路面平整度算法可将误差控制在合理范围之内,能够满足路面运营养护的要求,实现对公路路面平整度状况的智能评估。     

基于光路优化控制的道路平整度检测仿真

研究道路平整度准确测量问题.在路况较为复杂的情况下,由于路面不平,造成测试系统不稳定,测试精度不准确.传统的光路测试系统在进行道路平整度测量的过程中,在横轴和纵轴的设置都有一定程度的改变,造成道路平整度测量存在误差,从而降低了道路平整度测试的准确性.为解决上述问题,提出了一种光路优化控制的道路平整度测量系统.通过将不相交的几条光线作用于道路中非定向曲线镜面,使得路面上非定向曲线镜面的光线都射向一个交点,从而获取初始的道路平整度.计算出路面测量误差,改变光电设备相关参数的设置,完成路面平整度测量中横向与纵向的误差补偿,从而提高了道路平整度测试的准确性.实验结果表明,改进算法能够有效提高道路平整度测试的准确性.     

桥梁路基功率谱的分析及其matlab实现

随着路面测试技术的不断完善,尤其是激光技术的广泛应用,对路面功率谱进行精确分析成为可能。对路面长期性能研究中大量路段数年实测平整度资料进行功率谱分析,认为路面功率谱可深刻反映路面性能,是研究路面性能、汽车路面动力学的良好指标。本文着重就功率谱对桥梁路面的路基进行分析。     

道路平整度检测多源数据高精度同步采集

随着使用年限增加,道路出现了不平整等路面损坏情况,急需一种快速、有效的道路平整度检测设备对道路进行检测。设计了一种道路平整度检测多传感器数据同步采集系统,以FPGA为控制核心,利用GPS输出的NEMA数据和高稳晶振建立高精度的时间基准,采用A/D采样的方式进行同步数据采集。为提高系统的抗干扰能力和数据采样的精度,传感器信号调理电路采用差分放大和抗混叠滤波设计。实验结果表明,该系统完成了多传感器数据高精度同步采集,时间同步精度为微秒级,能够为评价路面平整度提供高精度原始数据,具有数据采样精度高、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强、成本低等优点,已在武汉夕睿光电技术有限公司的道路检测车上得到成功应用。     

面向地下电缆沟智能巡检机器人的紧耦合SLAM系统

地下电缆沟的日常巡检劳动强度大,且存在危险隐患,是城市电力系统保持稳定工作亟需解决的问题,采用智能巡检机器人系统是解决这一问题的趋势。同步定位和实时地图的构建是地下电缆沟机器人自主巡检的前提。地下电缆沟等场景具有底纹理、结构化、路面平整度情况复杂、GPS信号差等场景特征,巡检机器人对该类结构化场景进行建图时,会出现地图退化和定位精度下降的现象。针对上述问题设计了一种基于多传感器的SLAM系统,融合了二维激光雷达、惯性测量单元、轮式里程计等多种传感器数据,通过自适应初始化对机器人里程计进行优化。针对不同路面平整度下的相邻激光关键帧匹配误差,设计了一种自适应帧间配准方法进行校正。现场试验表明,在路况复杂的地下电缆沟场景中,该方法比现有方法的地图退化率和定位误差平均分别降低了7.42%和8.73%,具有明显的工程应用价值。     

计算机与GPS接收机之间的串口通讯

实时监测公路路面,特别是高速铁路的平整度是确保行车安全的必备条件,而要达到这一条件,车载动态振动测量是其首选技术之一.而在这一技术中,路面故障点位置的确定是技术关键.通过对GPS数据传输模式以及NMEA0183协议的分析,利用VB6.0中的MSComm控件实现PC机与GPS接收机之问的串行通讯,可实现对运载工具的行驶时间、高度、经度和纬度等信息在计算机显示器上的实时显示,以达到对故障点的实时监测.该项技术不仅为路面的平整度动态检测提供了技术支撑,而且也为这项技术的进一步研究提供了参考.     

江北一级公路M3标沥青混凝土路面施工技术

黄冈市江北一级公路M3标段沥青混凝土路面施工时,下面层采用一台摊铺机半幅(8m)施工,上面层采用两台摊铺机整幅(16m宽)热接逢同时施工。结合本工程试验路有关成果和工程实际特点,确定了本工程的施工方案,重点阐述了沥青混合料拌制、运输、摊铺与压实等施工工艺,最后指出保证工程施工质量的具体措施,保证了路面的压实度和平整度,使该标段的路面质量达到了优良等级。     

基于虚拟仪器的瓷砖平整度自动检测系统

为实现瓷砖表面平整度误差的自动检测和产品质量的自动分级,探讨了瓷砖表面平整度检测的原理和方法.将虚拟仪器技术应用于瓷砖表面平整度的自动检测研究,以非接触式光纤位移传感器、数据采集卡、PC机作为硬件配置,以LabVIEW作为软件开发平台,设计了瓷砖表面平整度自动检测系统.实际应用表明,该系统可以自动检测瓷砖表面平整度,并对产品进行分级,适合于实际生产过程的质量控制.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.