一种改进的由氨基酸酯制备手性氨基醇的新方法

采用NaBH4/CeCl3作为还原体系,在无水甲醇溶剂中,将氨基酸甲酯还原为相应的手性氨基醇。以L-苯丙氨酸甲酯还原制备L-苯丙氨醇的反应为研究对象,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度及时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明:在n(L-苯丙氨酸甲酯)∶n(CeCl3)=1∶2、反应温度30℃、反应时间2 h的优化条件下,L-苯丙氨醇收率为90.3%。本法有操作简便,收率高等优点,该反应为制备手性氨基醇提供了一种新的有用的合成方法。     

N-甲基-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯的合成

以L-苯丙氨酸为初始原料,先与甲醇成酯反应,再与苯甲醛反应形成希夫碱中间体,经过Pd/C催化氢化,再与多聚甲醛反应,最后经氢化还原与脱苄基得到光学纯N-甲基-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯,总收率为83.1%。该工艺反应条件温和,无需对氨基酸的侧链进行保护,收率高,适合工业化生产。     

L-苯丙氨酸甲酯化反应(Ⅱ)——L-苯丙氨酸甲酯化反应动力学

根据一般羧酸酯化反应的基元过程和广义酸催化理论 ,假定催化剂氢离子与酰基氧结合的过程为控制步骤 ,导出了一个 L-苯丙氨酸的甲酯化反应动力学方程 ,该方程预测值与实验结果吻合良好。     

L-4-硝基苯丙氨酸的合成研究

L-4-硝基苯丙氨酸为合成众多药物的中间体.采用釜式反应器,以混酸(浓硫酸与浓硝酸)为硝化试剂对L-苯丙氨酸进行硝化反应,制备得到了目标产物.在浓硫酸与浓硝酸的体积比为2:1,反应温度为0℃,反应时间为3 h的工艺条件下,该法制备L-4-硝基苯丙氨酸的收率达到65.2%.该法在反应过程中得到的副产物,经~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR鉴定了其结构,证明其为两分子间的缩合产物,据此推测了反应可能的机理.为了减少分子间的缩合反应,采用管式反应器对苯丙氨酸的硝化反应进行探索,并用正交实验法对反应条件进行了优化,结果表明,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为5 min,混酸中浓硫酸与浓硝酸体积比为2:1,收率可达80.9%.与釜式反应相比,管式反应器能够有效避免分子间缩合的副反应,并能加快反应速率,提高反应效率.     

L-苯丙氨酸参与的Amadori化合物的合成及其在卷烟中的应用

研究了L-苯丙氨酸参与的Amadori化合物的合成反应条件,及该产物对卷烟吸味的影响。结果表明,用乙醇、丙二醇作溶剂,D-木糖或D-果糖作反应物,反应物配比为1∶3所得的Amadori产物对烟草的作用效果较明显。利用裂解-气/质联用仪（PYROLYSIS-GC/MS）测定了L-苯丙氨酸与木糖反应生成的Amadori化合物在300℃下裂解产生的多种致香成分,证实了L-苯丙氨酸与还原糖生成的Amadori化合物能改善卷烟制品的抽吸效果。     

L-苯丙氨酸甲酯消旋反应改进

对L-苯丙氨酸甲酯消旋方法进行改进。研究了L-苯丙氨酸甲酯在不同催化剂、催化剂用量、反应时间下的消旋制备DL-苯丙氨酸甲酯过程。结果表明:当以水杨醛为催化剂、强酸性D072离子交换树脂为助催化剂、n(水杨醛)∶n(L-苯丙氨酸甲酯)=0.1回流反应时,消旋效果最好。     

手性氨基醇的绿色催化工艺研究

以L-丙氨酸为原料,利用5%钌-铑/氧化铝双金属催化加氢还原得到L-丙氨醇,其催化加氢工艺优化得到当磷酸与丙氨酸的摩尔比为1.1、反应温度110℃、反应时间7h、反应压力4MPa时,L-丙氨酸的转化率为96%,得到L-丙氨醇的光学收率为99%.该方法也适用于L-苯丙氨酸、L-缬氨酸等氨基酸的催化加氢,光学收率均为97%以上.     

L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的合成条件探索

文章对L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件进行探索。通过各种不同的实验条件得出最佳合成条件为：抗坏血酸比硬脂酸甲醣为1：1．3（摩尔比）,催化剂浓硫酸比（抗坏血酸＋硬脂酸甲酪）为1：0．10（摩尔比）,反应温度24℃,反应时闯24h。在此条件下可获得总产率为77％的抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯。考察了以硬脂酸甲酯和L-抗坏血酸为原料,通过酯交换法合成L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件。文章对L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件进行探索。通过各种不同的实验条件得出最佳合成条件为：抗坏血酸比硬脂酸甲酯为1：1.3（摩尔比）,催化剂浓硫酸比（抗坏血酸＋硬脂酸甲酯）为1：0．10（摩尔比）,反应温度24℃,反应时间24h。在此条件下可获得总产率为77％的抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯。考察了以硬脂酸甲酯和L-抗坏血酸为原料,通过酯交换法合成L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件。     

微波促L-苯丙氨酸消旋反应研究

介绍了微波促L-苯丙氨酸消旋反应是一种新的可适合于工业化的生产方法，具有对环境友好的优点。使用微波作为热源不仅可加速反应和节约能源，也可提高反应的收率和产品的纯度。本方法确定了在微波辐射下，以1．0mol／L氢氧化钠水溶液替代低级脂肪酸作为反应溶剂，用物质的量比为0．10的水杨醛为催化剂，L-苯丙氨酸可以快速消旋；在此务件下，消旋反应随微波辐射功率的提高而加快，在66％输出功率下反应已接近最大反应速率。从实验中得出微波促L-苯丙氨酸消旋的反应是一级不可逆反应。考察了此消旋反应的影响因素，同时讨论了微波作用下L-苯丙氨酸的消旋反应机理。     

HPLC法测定L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐中L-丙氨酸含量

建立了HPLC法分离测定L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐中L-丙氨酸含量。色谱条件为:Shim-packVP-ODS柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-NaH2PO4水溶液,NaH2PO4溶液浓度为0.05mol·L-1、pH值为6.50(H3PO4调节),甲醇与NaH2PO4溶液体积比为1∶9;流速0.80mL·min-1;柱温为30℃;检测波长为210nm;进样量5μL。该方法的建立为L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐的测定提供了新方法。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.