波传播法求解低频激励下水中加端板圆柱壳的振动

采用波传播法研究了低频下水中壳体的振动与响应。水中壳体由有限长加流体载荷的圆柱壳和两端的圆形端板组成,其中外部流体载荷用无限长模型进行近似处理。为了模拟推动系统的激励及船体上某一点激励,分别考虑了不同位置的轴向载荷和径向载荷,讨论了单个周向模态下的位移在总位移中的比重。主要研究了4种载荷,即作用在端板中心的轴对称载荷、作用在端板与圆柱连接处的轴向载荷、作用在连接处的径向载荷和作用在壳体中间的径向载荷,比较得出了轴对称和非轴对称、同一点不同方向载荷、同一方向不同位置载荷的响应位移的不同。此外,还研究了两端端板对不同载荷下水中壳体响应的影响,得出了端板主要抑制了壳体的较高阶模态下径向位移的结论。解析法结果与有限元法结果进行了比较,验证了该方法的正确性。     

管结构导波频散曲线绘制与试验验证

从理论上分析了管道结构中三种模态簇导波的传播特性。根据推导出导波的频散方程,通过数值方法绘制出了导波的频散曲线。利用试验验证了所建立的频散曲线的有效性。在两种不同截面尺寸的管道中进行激励70kHz-200kHz范围内的纵向模态试验,结果表明L(0,2)在管结构中传播速度与理论值较吻合,对利用超声导波对管道进行无损检测具有一定实际指导意义。     

杆中导波声弹敏感模态与激励频率的确定方法

基于超声导波声弹性效应检测波导结构的应力水平具有潜在的优势。为实现超声导波声弹应力检测的关键技术——检测模态与激励频率的选取,提出一种基于Murnaghan超弹模型的有限元特征频率法。使用该方法计算预应力杆中的频散特性,得到反映不同激励频率应力敏感性的声弹频散曲线,与文献中的L(0,1)模态试验结果进行对比,趋势一致,说明该方法的适用性。为进一步验证该方法的可靠性,选取L(0,1)模态声弹敏感的几组频率,在自制拉伸试验平台上,对碳素钢杆进行超声导波声弹试验。试验结果表明:低应力区域误差较大,在高应力区域误差均低于10%,且声弹常数与理论结果趋势一致。研究表明该理论方法可指导超声导波声弹应力检测时频率与模态的选取。     

管道中T(0,1)模态导波检测技术的发展与应用现状

超声导波具有检测速度快、检测范围广等优点,被广泛应用于各类缺陷的检测。而扭转模态作为超声导波的一种对称模态,具有频散小、能量集中、信号单一且易于分析的特点。综述了近年来扭转模态的发展历程,从T （0,1）扭转导波的传播与检测原理入手,对比各类激励探头的激励原理与效果,并对其进行优缺点分析。通过分析导波模态的选取原则和导波在单层管道、双层管道和充液管道中传播的性质,总结激励频率、液体粘度、液体密度等因素对扭转模态导波在管道中传播的影响,进而明确扭转模态的适用范围及适用的信号处理方法,对于今后扭转模态的发展具有借鉴意义。     

粘性液体对管道中扭转导波传播特性的影响研究

对带有液体的圆柱/管中的波传播进行了研究。在流动为层流的假设下,研究了有粘性液体管道中扭转导波的位移模式和传播特性。分析了波的频散和衰减曲线,得到了粘性、密度等和第一阶扭转模态衰减的关系,确定了粘性液体对扭转导波的影响,为扭转导波在损伤检测中应用做了一些理论工作。数值计算结果与某文献中实验结果符合较好,一定程度上证明了液体中的层流假设,说明了第一阶扭转模态在损伤探测中的优势。     

波轮式全自动洗衣机刚柔耦合模型的建立

摘要：刚柔耦合模型是波轮式全自动洗衣机结构设计的基础。为建立这一模型,首先在ANSYS中建立了盛水桶的有限元模型并进行模态分析,进而通过与实验结果的对比验证了有限元模型的正确性。采用修正的Craig-Bampton模态对盛水桶进行动力学建模,并与刚性模型进行耦合,推导得到系统整体的刚柔耦合模型。最后,采用 方法求解系统DAE方程组,得到了脱水过程中盛水桶的变形信息与载荷信息。将载荷信息反馈给ANSYS进行分析,其计算结果与本文结果进行了对比,验证了本文模型的有效性。     

船舶推进轴系纵振动力吸振器设计及参数影响规律研究

摘要：本文提出一种并联安装在船舶轴系上的纵振动力吸振器的设计方法,其中船舶轴系与动力吸振器构成主从系统,实现振动能量在主系统上发生转移,实现抑制主系统共振的目的。首先对船舶轴系的纵向振动进行固有频率和模态分析,其次采用模态截取和模态综合法建立了考虑船舶轴系作为弹性连续体情况下的轴系-动力吸振器混合动力学系统模型,最后给出从螺旋桨激励力传递到推力轴承基座端的动力放大系数解析式,并对动力吸振器的设计参数影响规律进行研究,为减小船舶轴系纵向振动的动力吸振器设计提供了理论依据。     

运行模态分析中固有模态和谐波模态区分方法研究

摘要：在机械领域存在大量旋转机械,这使得输入激励并不满足运行模态分析（OMA）要求的均值白噪声激励条件。通过对随机信号和谐波信号统计特性的分析,提出一种简单有效的识别响应信号中周期强迫响应的方法,使OMA适用于含有谐波激励的情况,对一块由偏心电机激励的钢板进行了运行模态试验和锤击法传统模态试验,应用该方法成功识别出响应信号中的周期响应成份,通过两种试验结果验证了方法有效性,为OMA中虚假模态的辨别提供了一种新思路。     

水下带粘弹性层输油管道中纵向导波的传播特性

采用超声导波法对海底管道进行健康监测和缺陷检测,需要研究导波在深水环境下的海底管道结构中的传播特性。该文采用全局矩阵法计算纵向导波在水下带粘弹性层输油管道中的传播位移和应力,得到频散曲线和个别模态(如α 模态与L(0,4)模态)的波结构。通过对纵向导波频散曲线和波结构的详细分析,阐述了纵向导波在水下带粘弹性层输油管道中的传播规律。这既有益于加深对导波在深水环境下的海底管道结构中传播机理的理解,也可为设计采用纵向导波进行海底输油管道损伤检测系统提供技术支撑。     

弯曲模式F(1,3)在管材中的位移分布

1引言 由于各种管道的广泛应用,管道的长距离超声导波快速检测研究近年来受到国内外无损检测学者的极大关注[1-3].在实际应用中,很难产生纯粹的轴对称模式,非轴对称导波模式常伴随轴对称导波模式而产生,且有些模式的频散曲线与轴对称模式的非常接近[2];另一方面,管状结构中的缺陷常常是非轴对称的.即使激励了单一模式的超声导波,在边界或其他不连续处,如缺陷处也要发生模式转换.因此,接收到的信号通常包含多个轴对称和非轴对称导波模式[3].这些难度致使超声导波技术在无损检测领域中的应用受到一定的限制.     

Guided Wave Tuning Principles for Defect Detection in Tubing

Dispersion diagrams for longitudinal modes and several flexural modes are given. A partial loading oblique incidence technique was introduced for non-axisymmetric guided wave generation. Acoustic fields for partially loaded generation of guided waves were obtained along a sample Inconel steam generator tube surface. The axial field and the circumferential fields were non uniform. Even though the acoustic field was much more complicated than in the case of axisymmetric modes, the study of non-axisymmetric mode cannot be avoided; excitation of a single symmetric mode is often difficult due to limited access and transducer efficiency and there is also mode conversion after scattering from defects. For 100% inspection coverage of tubing and piping, three dimensional tuning (distance, frequency, and incident angle tuning), was employed. A single combination of incident angle, position, and frequency may miss defects in blind spots. However, complete inspection coverage of a whole cross sectional area over a certain distance of tubing was successfully demonstrated through a multi crack detection experiment by using the three dimensional tuning concepts. Also, the use of non-axisymmetric guided waves for a large distance inspection capability was successfully demonstrated.     

A finite element analysis of the time-delay periodic ring arrays for guided wave generation and reception in hollow cylinders

A new guided wave transducer model, time-delay periodic ring arrays (TDPRAs), is proposed and investigated in this paper for guided cylindrical wave generation and reception in hollow cylinders with application interests focusing on non-destructive testing (NDT) of piping/tubing. A finite element simulation has been performed for axisymmetric guided-mode excitation and reception with TDPRAs. By arranging a proper configuration of the time-delay profile and the electric-connection pattern of a ring array, unidirectional excitation and reception of guided waves can be achieved. The numerical results are obtained for the first three axisymmetrical modes and are compared with respect to generation efficiency and mode selectivity. Parametric influences on the performance of TDPRAs are discussed, combining a 2-D phase velocity-frequency spectrum approach with the mode dispersion and displacement structure analyses. The identification of converted modes in guided cylindrical wave reflections with a flexible TDPRA receiver has also been studied through sample notch reflection.     

Group velocity and characteristic wave curves of Lamb waves in composites: Modeling and experiments

The propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in composites, with emphasis on group velocity and characteristic wave curves, are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In particular, the experimental study focuses on the existence of multiple higher-order Lamb wave modes that can be observed from piezoelectric sensors by the excitation of ultrasonic frequencies. Using three-dimensional (3-D) elasticity theory, the exact dispersion relations governed by transcendental equations are numerically solved for an infinite number of possible wave modes. For symmetric laminates, a robust method by imposing boundary conditions on the mid-plane and top surface is proposed to separate symmetric and anti-symmetric wave modes. A new semi-exact method is developed to calculate group velocities of Lamb waves in composites. Meanwhile, three characteristic wave curves: velocity, slowness, and wave curves are adopted to analyze the angular dependency of Lamb wave propagation. The dispersive and anisotropic behavior of Lamb waves in a two different types of symmetric laminates is studied in detail theoretically. In the experimental study, two surface-mounted piezoelectric actuators are excited either symmetric or anti-symmetric wave modes with narrowband signals, and a Gabor wavelet transform is used to extract group velocities from arrival times of Lamb wave received by a piezoelectric sensor. In comparison with the results from the theory and experiment, it is confirmed that multiple higher-order Lamb waves can be excited from piezoelectric actuators and the measured group velocities agree well with those from 3-D elasticity theory.     

有限长叉指换能器激发表面波及体波声场的数值模拟

采用数值方法,模拟了有限长叉指换能器(IDT)在半无限大压电晶体中激发的表面波和体波声场在晶体界面上的分布情况。在数值模拟所得结果的基础上,将频率域内的位移分量做傅立叶反变换得到时间域内声波脉冲振幅随时间的分布,并对界面上三个位移分量含有的声波模式进行分析,其中场位移分量1沿波的传播方向,位移分量2为平行于IDT指条方向,位移分量3沿基片表面法线方向。分析结果表明,界面上各位移分量中除Rayleigh波外,还含有不同比例的体波成分。其中,在位移分量1和位移分量3中占主要成分的是准纵波,在位移分量2中占主要成分的是准慢切变波。它们均按照指数方式在表面上进行传播衰减,其中准慢切变波的衰减速度小于准纵波的衰减速度。IDT指条数相对较多时的体波振幅要大于指条数相对较小时的体波振幅,且在距离IDT较近的范围内IDT指条数相对较多时体波衰减更快。     

基于磁致伸缩导波的尖轨缺陷检测技术研究

尖轨在其周期性载荷作用下易发生断裂,引发列车事故。为对尖轨缺陷进行检测,文章基于磁致伸缩效应研制了导波检测系统,研究导波在尖轨中的传播特性、导波对尖轨附属件的检测能力以及缺陷的识别能力。采用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元方法研究了不同频率导波在尖轨中的传播特性。所研发的磁致伸缩导波检测系统在尖轨上的检测是可行有效的。使用导波检测系统在尖轨底面激励的水平剪切导波在基本轨和尖轨上可传播的有效距离至少为12 m,在空轨中至少能传播16 m。而且低频导波主要沿轨底传播,高频导波主要沿轨腰和轨头传播,多频导波结合能更加准确地对尖轨的检(监)测。     

Mass sensitivity of thin rod acoustic wave sensors

Theoretical and experimental investigations of mass sensitivities of thin rod acoustic wave sensor are presented. From the low-frequency approximation of the dispersion equations, explicit forms of the relation describing the mass sensitivity are derived with the consideration of the effects due to elasticity and inertia of the loading layer. The three lowest thin rod acoustic modes are presented. Mass sensing experiments are based on the electrodeposition of loading material on a thin metallic fiber (the thin rod). Copper has been used to load the propagation of acoustic waves in gold fibers. The mass of copper deposited and the phase shift of the acoustical thin rod delay line were monitored simultaneously by a computer. Mass response curves showing the variation in phase due to the mass deposited per unit surface area were then obtained in order to determine the mass sensitivity. Both flexural and extensional wave modes have been excited. Theoretical and experimental results were found to be consistent in both sign and magnitude     

A variational principle for nonlinear water waves

Summary This paper is concerned with a variational formulation of non-axisymmetric water waves and of two-dimensional surface waves in a running stream of finite depth. The full set of equations of motions for the non-axisymmetric water wave problem in cylindrical polar coordinates and for the two-dimensional surface waves in the running stream in Cartesian coordinates is obtained from a Lagrangian function which is equal to the pressure.With 1 Figure     

Shear horizontal wave propagation in periodically layeredcomposites

The transverse resonance approach to guided wave analysis is applied to shear horizontal (SH) wave propagation in periodically layered composites. It is found for SH waves that at high values of the guided wavevector β, the wave energy is trapped in the slower of the two media and propagates accordingly at the slower wavespeed. At low values of β, however, the modes demonstrate a clustering behavior, indicative of the underlying Floquet wave structure. The number of modes in a cluster is observed to correlate with the number of unit cells in the layered plate. New physical insights into the behavior of these systems are obtained by analyzing the partial waves of the guided SH modes in terms of Floquet waves. We show that the fast and slow shear waves in the periodically layered composite play an analogous role to the longitudinal and shear partial waves comprising Lamb waves in a homogeneous plate     

超声导波混频表征和定位早期局部损伤的研究进展

超声导波具有远距离传输的特性，能够快速、有效地大范围检出薄板中的损伤或缺陷。非线性超声导波相较于传统超声导波，主要研究基波与材料中微观组织演化相互作用而产生的高阶谐波，对尺寸远小于基波波长的损伤或缺陷比较敏感。其中，超声导波的二次谐波相对容易激发，已被用于定量评估早期损伤。但是，超声导波的二次谐波容易受到测量系统非线性的干扰，并且无法定位材料中的局部损伤。超声导波混频在频率、模式、传播方向的选择上具有一定的灵活性，克服了二次谐波的缺点。目前，超声导波混频在理论、模拟和实验上取得了一定的进展，已被用于表征和定位金属材料中处于早期阶段的疲劳、热老化、微裂纹、冲击损伤和局部塑性变形等。高频段超声导波混频、兰姆波相向混频和非共线混频中差频谐波或和频谐波的传播性，以及更多类型损伤的定位和表征仍有待进一步研究。     

正交各向异性空心圆柱体中的纵向导波

基于三维线弹性理论,采用勒让德正交多项式展开法,推导了正交各向异性材料中纵向导波的耦合波动方程,并对耦合波动方程进行了数值求解。首先,为确定方法的适用性和准确性,利用Disperse软件求解各向同性空心圆柱体中纵向导波的频散曲线,并将其与勒让德正交多项式展开法求解结果相对比,二者结果完全一致。然后,讨论了勒让德正交多项式截止值对轴对称导波频散曲线收敛性的影响,并从数值计算的角度分析了产生影响的原因。最后,针对碳纤维缠绕的复合材料空心圆柱体,分别求解纵向、扭转和弯曲三种不同模态纵向导波的相速度频散曲线。计算了不同径厚比下的弯曲模态相速度频散曲线,分析径厚比的变化对频散曲线的影响。