稀土Y对Cu—0．35Al合金薄板带内氧化动力学的影响

对Cu-0．35Al-Y合金薄板带在短时间内的内氧化动力学进行了试验研究,测定了合金内氧化层的显微硬度和导电率。结果表明,Cu-0．35Al—Y合金薄板带在0．5h到2h进行内氧化,其内氧化动力学曲线呈抛物线变化;微量稀土元素Y的加入促进了Cu-0．35Al合金薄板带的内氧化;随着内-氧化时间的延长,合金的内氧化层深增加;本试验条件下,经950℃、2h内氧化,Cu-0．35Al—0．05Y合金薄板带试样内氧化层深达355μm,内氧化层显微硬度为101．5HV,导电率为82．5%IACS。     

AZ31B镁合金/6061铝合金异质金属连接件整体微弧氧化膜的制备及其结构

对AZ31B镁合金和6061铝合金异质金属铆接件进行了微弧氧化,研究了不同时间微弧氧化膜的微观形貌、物相组成、电化学性能、硬度等,对比分析了微弧氧化过程中镁合金、铝合金表面氧化膜的形成过程。结果表明:经过10min的微弧氧化后,该连接件整体被氧化膜包裹,氧化膜与2种合金基体均紧密连接,且均由致密层和疏松层组成;镁合金表面氧化膜主要由MgO、少量硅酸盐和氟化物组成,而铝合金表面氧化膜主要由Al_2O_3及少量硅酸盐组成;微弧氧化提高了连接件中镁合金、铝合金的腐蚀电位,降低了二者的腐蚀电位差,有效缓解了电偶腐蚀的发生。     

稀土Y对Cu-0.35A1合金薄板带内氧化动力学的影响

对Cu-0.35Al-Y合金薄板带在短时间内的内氧化动力学进行了试验研究,测定了合金内氧化层的显微硬度和导电率.结果表明,Cu-0.35Al-Y合金薄板带在0.5h到2 h进行内氧化,其内氧化动力学曲线呈抛物线变化;微量稀土元素Y的加入促进了Cu-0.35Al合金薄板带的内氧化;随着内氧化时间的延长,合金的内氧化层深增加;本试验条件下,经950℃,2 h内氧化,Cu-0.35Al-0.05Y舍金薄板带试样内氧化层深达355μm,内氧化层显微硬度为101.5HV,导电率为82.5%IACS.     

电流密度对稀土镁合金膜层性能的影响

在相同的工艺条件下,采用微弧氧化处理稀土镁合金,分析电流密度对稀土镁合金表面陶瓷膜层的厚度、硬度、绝缘性,以及耐腐蚀性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着电流密度的增加,生成膜层的厚度和硬度均呈现增加的趋势,但绝缘性和耐腐蚀性能却呈现抛物线的变化规律。     

内氧化法制备点焊电极用ZrO_2/Cu复合材料的组织与性能

采用改进的内氧化法制备了点焊电极用ZrO2/Cu复合材料,并对其进行了塑性变形及热处理,研究了不同工艺条件下复合材料的显微组织、硬度和导电性。结果表明:ZrO2/Cu复合材料组织均匀细小,ZrO2颗粒弥散分布于铜基体中;随着冷拉拔变形量增大,复合材料的硬度增大,导电率降低,其较佳的冷拉拔变形量为60%,此时复合材料的硬度可达100 HV,导电率为86%IACS;随着加热温度的提高和保温时间的延长,复合材料仍具有较高的导电率,且硬度变化较小,其耐高温性优于铜铬锆合金的,适合作为点焊电极材料。     

AZ91镁合金表面微弧氧化膜微观结构的TEM表征

在硅酸盐碱性电解液中,以AZ91镁合金为基体采用恒电流控制模式制备出微弧氧化陶瓷薄膜,采用透射电镜对微弧氧化膜的微观结构进行了分析,并测试了相关性能。结果表明:镁合金在以硅酸盐溶液为主的电解液中进行微弧氧化形成的产物主要是纳米晶MgO和MgAl2O4,并且形成了少量的非晶态物质和一定比例的较粗大MgO、MgAl2O4和MgSiO3晶粒,但这些粗大晶粒尺寸也在100~300 nm之间;形成的晶粒之所以如此细小主要是由于微弧氧化过程是一个快速烧结和快速冷凝的过程;制备的氧化膜在中性盐雾36 h后的腐蚀率小于0.09 g.cm-2.d-1,而显微硬度在1 000 HV以上。     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化低能耗的电解质配方研究

利用自制微弧氧化装置在铝酸盐体系中对AZ91D镁合金进行微弧氧化处理.采用多重正交试验,从考察膜层厚度、单位能耗和耐蚀性出发,确定了AZ91D镁合金在铝酸盐体系中的最佳工艺参数.结果表明:在最佳电解质配方下,处理过程工作电压约在120 V,电流密度可以低到0.5 A/dm2,生长1 μm陶瓷涂层的单位面积能耗仅为456 W/(m2·μm).微弧氧化膜呈多孔结构、孔径较小,裂纹较少,分布均匀,膜层较为致密;微弧氧化膜由MgO和MgAl2O4组成;处理后AZ91D镁合金样品的腐蚀电流密度为0.014 μA/cm2,比未处理合金降低了接近3个数量级.     

电解液中Na2CO3/C6H12O6对AZ31镁合金阳极氧化膜结构与耐腐蚀性能的影响

在添加不同含量Na2CO3和C6H12O6的NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7基础电解液中,对AZ31镁合金进行直流阳极氧化处理,研究了镁合金阳极氧化膜的微观结构以及在中性盐雾中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:镁合金阳极氧化膜主要由MgO相和Mg2SiO4相组成;电解液中添加Na2CO3和C6H12O6后,阳极氧化膜表面微孔分布均匀且尺寸减小,阳极氧化膜厚度增加;当Na2CO3质量浓度由10g·L^-1增加到30g·L^-1时,微孔尺寸增大,氧化膜厚度减小;当C6H12O6质量浓度由5g·L^-1增加到15g·L^-1时,微孔尺寸减小,阳极氧化膜厚度增加;镁合金阳极氧化膜的主要腐蚀形式为点蚀,呈河流状花样分布;电解液中添加10g·L^-1 Na2CO3时,阳极氧化膜表面微孔最细小,孔径为1~3μm,阳极氧化膜厚度达16μm,阳极氧化膜具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

保温时间对AZ31B镁合金/铝/铜扩散钎焊接头组织与力学性能的影响

为实现镁合金AZ31B与铜的可靠连接,采用铝作为中间层,在450℃保温30~120min的条件下进行扩散钎焊试验,研究了保温时间对接头组织、显微硬度和剪切强度的影响。结果表明:保温时间为30min时,接头无法实现过渡液相扩散连接;当保温时间为60min时,铝中间层完全溶解,接头中形成了宽约150μm的扩散区,从镁合金侧到铜侧,扩散区的组织依次为镁基固溶体、共晶组织和Cu3Al2Mg2金属间化合物;保温不同时间后,从扩散区的镁合金侧到铜侧,显微硬度均呈阶梯式升高;随着保温时间延长,铜侧过渡层的显微硬度显著增加,接头的剪切强度先增大后降低,并在保温90min后达到最高,为68.2MPa;断裂发生在靠近铜侧的扩散区。     

碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的制备与性能

采用磁控溅射法在碳纤维表面制备了镀铬层,用以改善碳纤维与铜基体的润湿性;然后在1 200℃、4×10-1 Pa真空条件下,用纯铜液相浸渗碳纤维2h炉冷后制备了碳纤维增强铜基复合材料;采用扫描电镜、硬度仪对其显微组织及其力学性能进行了研究,并对其导电性能进行了测试。结果表明:采用溅射功率50W、溅射时间40min、气压2.0Pa、氩气流量为20mL·min-1的工艺,可在碳纤维表面制备厚度为400～500nm的铬层,镀铬层表面光亮,与碳纤维结合良好,无"黑心现象";复合材料中的碳纤维与铜基体的界面平整清晰,其轴向导电率达到了83%IACS,硬度为56.3HB,抗拉强度的推算值为303.457～404.768MPa。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.