莴苣蛋糕的研制

莴苣去皮切片,热烫打浆后制汁,鸡蛋、莴苣汁加糖等搅打起泡,加入面粉拌匀,注模,烘烤得成品。由单因素实验确定打蛋时间10 min,莴苣汁加入量50 g蛋糕质量较好。以面粉、莴苣汁、白砂糖、调和油的用量为因素,通过三水平四因素正交试验确定莴苣蛋糕制作的最优配方为面粉60 g、莴苣汁50 g、白砂糖80 g、调和油20 m L。     

莴笋饮料的开发

本文叙述以莴笋为主原料,经正交试验,确定产品最佳配方和工艺参数,生产出具有保健功能的莴笋饮料。     

葡味笋条的工业化制作探讨

介绍以莴笋为主要原料,经切条,烫漂,沥干等工序处理,将新疆葡萄筵的烹饪工艺与工业化生产相结合,制成甜酸爽口的具有浓郁地方风味的方便 食品－－葡味笋条,讨论了影响莴笋颜色,保质期,产品质量的因素。     

千金菜——莴苣

莴苣,又称嫩茎莴苣、莴仔菜心、莴苣茎、莴苣笋、莴笋等,是菊科植物莴苣的茎叶,属于多年生草本植物,植株直立,茎粗直径5～7cm,长40～70cm。 莴苣,原产于地中海沿岸、亚洲北部、非洲等一些国家,隋唐时引入我国。宋代陶谷在《清异录》中说:“呙国使者来汉,隋人求得菜种,酬之甚厚。”故名“千金菜”。现在仍有些地区称莴苣为千金菜。 莴苣,可分为叶用莴苣和茎用莴苣。叶用莴苣也叫生菜,叶片从根部长出,有的结成球状,称结球莴苣。     

不同清洗方式对生菜表面农药残留的降解效果

在生菜模拟体系中研究碱性水(pH 10.5和pH 11.5)、臭氧水以及自来水清洗对生菜表面人为污染的敌敌畏、马拉硫磷、乐果、毒死蜱4种有机磷农药的降解效果,采用气象色谱(GC)方法对农药进行定量分析。结果表明:碱性水对生菜所污染的4种有机磷农药均有很好的降解效果;同时,碱性水对4种有机磷农药的降解受溶液的pH值和处理时间的影响,pH值11.5的碱性水效果最好,且降解效果随着农药初始浓度的降低而提高。15 min的碱性水清洗即可取得理想的降解效果。     

Inhibition of Browning of Harvested Head Lettuce

Treatments to control browning of lettuce stem discs (cv Iceberg) were evaluated by measuring changes in the L*, a* and b* parameters as well as Hue angle values. Cysteine, resorcinol, EDTA and citric acid prevented discoloration. Different concentrations of organic acids (citric, acetic and gluconic), vinegar and lemon juice were also tested. The best results were obtained when the discs were treated with 10 mL/L and 50 mL/L acetic acid solutions and vinegar. These treatments were then applied to head lettuces and browning was measured during 7 days storage at 2°C plus an additional commercialization of 3 days at 13°C. Vinegar and 50 mL/L acetic acid solution inhibited browning on lettuce stem cuttings and could be used to prevent lettuce butt discoloration during cold storage and commercial handling.     

超临界CO2提取当归油及其化学成分分析

目的 分析活血止痛胶囊中超临界提取的当归油成分.方法 采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析超临界提取的当归油化学成分.结果 共测定65种化学成分,鉴定62种,其中藁苯内酯含量为74.4%.结论 该工艺对当归有效成分具有较高的提取率,较好的保留了药效成分.     

Spectral Indices for Non-destructive Determination of Lettuce Pigments

Lettuce pigments play important physiological functions, such as photosynthetic processes and light stress defense. Spectral indices are widely used for predicting vegetable pigments in a non-destructive way. This work was carried out to propose and validate mathematical models based on spectral indices, capable of predicting carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in different lettuce cultivars, grown under organic, hydroponic and alternative farming systems. Standardized Difference Vegetation Index, Simple Ratio Index, and Difference Spectral Index were modified and combined with linear, exponential, power, and logarithm regressions during the modeling process. The most accurate models presented d and r values greater than 0.7 and 0.6 for the external validation, respectively. When estimating carotenoid and anthocyanin contents, the root-mean-square error did not exceed 0.14 and 0.41 mg kg^?1, respectively. The maximum mean bias error values were ?0.07 mg kg^?1 for carotenoids and 0.08 mg kg^?1for the anthocyanins. Models based on the Difference Spectral Index with exponential fitting performed better, but linear fittings combined to the other spectral indices also confirmed the feasibility of using the proposed models for estimating lettuce pigment contents.     

Ozone and Chlorine Treatment of Minimally Processed Lettuce

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to determine the effectiveness of ozone in combination with chlorine on the microbiological and sensory attributes of lettuce as well as the quality of the water used for processing commercial lettuce salad. Iceberg lettuce was inoculated with 8.0 log CFU/g microorganisms isolated from spoiling lettuce, treated with combinations of chlorine and ozone, and analyzed microbiologically. Commercial salads rinsed with chlorine, ozone, or a mixture were evaluated for sensory acceptability. Chlorine, ozone, and chlorine-ozone reduced aerobic plate count up to 1.4, 1.1, and 2.5 log, respectively. As determined by appearance, commercial lettuce salads treated with chlorine, ozone, or a combination had a shelf life of 16, 20, or 25 d, respectively. Using an ozone-chlorine or ozone rinse for commercial lettuce salads, there were no visible turbidity changes in process water. The quality of the water remained constant for longer periods of time making it available for longer reuse. Therefore, chlorine-ozone combinations may have beneficial effects on the shelf life and quality of lettuce salads as well as on the water used for rinsing or cleaning the lettuce.     

莴苣MP加工工艺及贮藏研究

研究莴苣MP加工过程中碱液去皮及人工去皮后经护色处理的贮藏效果。结果表明:碱液去皮的MP莴苣其货架期明显延长,可保持品质8d(0℃)和4d(4℃);人工去皮中各处理以NaClO处理效果最好,可保持品质6d(0℃)和3d(4℃)。     

鲜切生菜在贮藏期间的微生物生长模型

主要研究了在 0℃、4℃和 2 5℃贮藏温度下鲜切生菜中细菌的生长趋势和感官质量的变化。研究结果表明 ,实验中所建立的Gompertz模型能有效地拟合在不同贮藏温度下鲜切生菜中细菌总数的动态变化 ,从而能预测不同贮藏温度下、不同贮藏时间内鲜切生菜中的细菌总数 ,为快速、有效地评估鲜切生菜的货架期和微生物安全性 ,提供了一个方便有效的方法。同时探讨了鲜切生菜中细菌总数与细胞组织腐烂的关系 ,即当细菌总数≤ 1 0 6 cfu/ g ,鲜切生菜的细胞组织不会腐烂。     

鲜切生菜的保鲜工艺研究

实验研究了鲜食生菜的关键加工技术,包括预冷、切割、杀菌、保鲜、脱水、气调包装及贮藏。通过对鲜食生菜呼吸强度、杀菌效果等指标的测定,优化了杀菌保鲜工艺参数。实验结果表明,10℃以下预冷12 h,选用乙酸60 mg/L,过氧乙酸40 mg/L,过氧化氢25 mg/L,复合杀菌剂浸泡2 min,选用柠檬酸质量分数0.2%、抗坏血酸钙质量分数6%的复合护色剂浸泡2 min,脱水后以气体体积分数为4%O2、5%CO2、91%N2包装,储藏在10℃环境下,保鲜期可达10 d。     

不同烤烟品种对莴苣的化感作用研究

采用“三明治”生物测定方法,测定了不同烤烟品种根、茎和叶的化感潜力。结果表明,不同烤烟品种化感作用差异显著,化感作用强弱依次为叶>茎>根,对莴苣根长的化感作用强于芽长,且随着用量的增加化感作用呈现增强趋势;其中,中烟100 和K326的化感作用较强,NC102和新育成推广品种(系)CF220次之,NC89和云烟87较弱。     

结球生菜薄膜气调包装技术探究

MA（Modified Atmosphere）即改善环境，指采用理想气体组份一次性置换，或在气调系统中建立起预定的调节气体浓度，在随后的贮存期间不再受到人为的调整。     

Microbial Flora and Storage Quality of Partially Processed Lettuce

Storage of partially processed lettuce resulted in an increase in microbial population, pH, and change in package atmosphere composition (increasing CO₂ and decreasing O₂). Microbial populations varied in size with variations in processing and packaging. Typical initial log₁₀ counts per g were: bacteria 3.4–5.1, yeasts 2.5–3.2; molds were infrequent. Commercial packaging inhibited bacterial growth and retarded browning. Although Gram-negative bacteria were numerically dominant, a large yeast population was also found. Species in the genera Pseudomonas, Erwinia, and Serratia were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Cryptococcus, Pichia, Torulaspora and Trichosporon spp. were the most common yeasts.     

冷配送烹饪莴笋的真空冷却技术研究

本文以盘装的热烫烹饪莴笋为研究对象,对其真空冷却过程中的影响因素以及温度、失重率的变化规律进行研究。结果表明:真空冷却过程中盘装烹饪莴笋的中心和表面位置的温差非常小,不大于1.73℃,冷却至10℃时盘装莴笋的中心与表面温差仅为0.23℃。另外,真空冷却过程中单位质量烹饪莴笋的冷却速率随着冷凝温度的降低、冷却量的增大而增大。其中当冷却量(37.5 kg)增大3倍(150 kg)时,单位质量莴笋冷却时间有效的缩短了46.34%。同时真空冷却也造成烹饪莴笋质量的损失。1%的烹饪莴笋失重率约能带来7℃的温度下降。另外,本文提出一种分段式真空冷却模式,通过实验验证,该冷却模式能够有效地降低能耗,仅为传统真空冷却方式耗能的47.29%。且通过降低冷却过程中最大冷凝负荷,达到降低冷凝系统制冷能力要求。     

莴笋叶渣吸附Cu2+研究

采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法对莴笋叶渣吸附Cu2+条件进行优化,建立加入量(X1)、质量浓度(X2)、时间(X3)、pH值(X4)、温度(X5)5个因素与吸附率(Y)的回归模型为:Y=85.45862+11.80098X1-6.85546X2+0.24918X3+2.14203X4+1.12124X5-4.75315X12-2.40953X22-2.23141X32-1.49228X42-3.40533X52+3.84570X1X2+0.61717X1X3-3.15888X1X4-0.26948X1X5-0.29760X2X3+0.77899X2X4-0.01867X2X5-0.23965X3X4-1.45840X3X5+0.94533X4X5。各因素对莴笋叶渣吸附Cu2+影响顺序为:加入量>质量浓度>pH值>温度>时间,在加入量0.9g、Cu2+质量浓度30mg/L、时间5h、pH3、温度40℃条件下,莴笋叶渣对Cu2+吸附率最高可达98.40%。验证值为97.96%,与理论值基本一致。对于60mg/L Pb2+溶液,莴笋叶渣为吸附剂时的最佳固液比为12g/L;莴笋叶渣对中低质量浓度Pb2+溶液的吸附效果好于活性炭。     

澄清芹菜汁,莴苣汁的流变特性

利用NDJ—79流变仪对澄清芹菜汁、莴苣汁的流变特性进行了测定和研究,表明澄清芹菜汁及莴苣汁的牛顿流体,通过非线性回归分析,建立了在不同温度下汁液的浓度与粘度和在不同浓度时温度与粘度又关系的数学模型;最后通过逐渐逼近法求得了浓度、温度对粘度的综合影响的数学模型。从而为预测在一定条件下的汁液粘度和有关食品工程设计提供理论依据。