聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料

目前,聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料是重要的工程材料之一。由于层状硅酸盐的特殊结构,聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的各项性能得到较大改善。聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米材料的制备、表征、结构与性能的研究取得了重要进展。本文简要概述了聚合物／层状硅酸盐的结构及其有机改性机理,研究表明,插层剂和离子交换容量是插层的重要因素。最后,讨论了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法和性能。     

聚氨酯／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外纳米层状硅酸盐改性聚氨酯的最新研究进展状况。介绍了层状硅酸盐的结构、聚氨酯／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的类型及其微观结构,并对聚氨酯／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法及其在弹性体、涂料、泡沫方面的应用进行了阐述,展望了未来发展趋势。     

聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了聚合物基纳米复合材料的种类及制备方法，详细介绍了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究，包括聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的种类、性能及研究的新进展。     

聚合物／硅酸盐层状纳米复合材料

呈层状构造的硅酸盐，利用在其层间具有插入多种单体或聚合物的能力，可能开发新的聚合物／硅酸盐层状纳米复合材料，并且，由于细微调整硅酸盐的表面特性，在几种聚合物基体中，使硅酸盐纳米级分散成功了。所得的聚合物／硅酸盐（ＰＬＳ）层状纳米复合与同一硅酸盐体积比率比较时，与填充一般玻璃或无机矿物的聚合物相比有显著优异的性能。     

一种环氧/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料及其制备方法

本发明涉及一种纳米复合材料技术，具体为一种环氧树脂／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料及其制备方法。这种环氧树脂／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料由100份环氧树脂、0．001～10份脂肪胺、0．5～50份层状硅酸盐、10～100份固化剂组成。其制备过程为：①对层状硅酸盐进行插层处理；②将经插层处理的层状硅酸盐在搅拌条件下加入到环氧树脂中，在60～100℃反应10～60 min；③向含有插层处理的层状硅酸盐的环氧树脂中加入固化剂，在10～120℃固化5 min至7d。本发明可在常温下固化得到剥离型环氧树脂／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，所得纳米复合材料中解离的蒙脱土片层分散更均匀，充分发挥增强基体的作用。     

纳米插层复合材料制备及应用的研究进展

介绍了纳米插层复合材料的制备方法,并结合层状硅酸盐、聚合物／层状硅酸盐的结构特征,对插层复合的热力学和动力学进行了分析,最后,对纳米插层复合材料的应用前景作了展望。     

层状硅酸盐 /聚合物纳米复合材料的研究现状与前景

基于1996年以后的40余篇文献和作者的研究成果，综述了层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料在制备技术、新品种、新性能、相关理论及应用等方面的最新研究进展，并总结出了以下观点：（1）粘土的有机化是制备纳米复合材料的第一关键要素，单体、预聚体、聚合物熔体与有机土的相容性是制备纳米复合材料的必要条件，外界剪切力可提供帮助；（2）剥离型结构最能体现层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的性能优势，是层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方向；（3）聚合物熔体插层法为简单，是重要的发展方向，要形成剥离型结构，需要同时考虑热力学和动力学因素，基体或相容剂与层间环境的相容性要适中；（4）聚合物乳液共混共凝法有利于传统的制备方法，适合于具有乳液形成的聚合物；（5）在聚合物中原位生成硅酸盐片层的方法具有新意；（6）层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的主要特点是高刚性、高强度、高耐热性、高阻隔性、较好的阻燃性、质轻，目前，该的制备研究正向所有的聚合物品种扩展。汽车部件、包装材料将是层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料先应用的两大领域；（7）层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的理论研究进展延慢。界面区状态以及结构－性能间的关系是理论研究的两个主题。     

高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究应用现状及发展前景

高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料因其具有优越的性能、广泛的应用前景而成为目前材料科学研究的热点。简要介绍层状硅酸盐粘土的结构与性质;总结了高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法以及目前国内外的研究进展;综述了高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的应用现状;展望了高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的发展前景。     

聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备原理

围绕着分散相尺寸和两相界面粘接这两个关键问题,简单回顾了复合材料从熔融共混,聚合复合到纳米复合的发展历程。通过对具有重要理论意义和应用价值的聚合物／层状硅酸盐（PLS）纳米复合材料制备过程热力学驱动力的考察以及制备原理的分析,我们首次从理想状态下推导出了能在一定范围内预测聚合物相对分子质量与层状硅酸盐含量,层状硅酸盐片层间距与层状硅酸盐含量以及层状硅酸盐片层间距与聚合物相对分子质量关系的理论公式,并用文献中的实验数据进行了验证。结果表明这些理论关系与文献中的实验数据精确吻合。     

聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料应用研究进展

笔者论述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐插层纳米复合材料的结构和特点，综述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的应用研究进展，评述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法和表征手段，展望了这种纳米复合材料的发展方向。     

Investigation on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Intercalated Epoxy/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

Epoxy resin/layered silicate nanocomposites with various clay contents were prepared. The structural studies showed the intercalation of epoxy polymer chains into the clay galleries. The adhesion analysis of nanocomposite coating films on metallic substrates showed the excellent adhesion of epoxy-based nanocomposite coatings on iron plates, especially in lower clay loadings. According to the hardness test results, the organoclay minerals caused the increasing of the hardness of epoxy nanocomposites. The thermal properties of nanocomposites were evaluated by means of DSC and TGA analysis. The tensile and compression strengths of cured epoxy/clay systems were also investigated.     

E‐beam‐cured layered‐silicate and spherical silica epoxy nanocomposites

This research demonstrates that an epoxy nanocomposite can be made through electron beam (e‐beam) curing. The nanofillers can be two‐dimensional (layered‐silicate) and zero‐dimensional (spherical silica). Both the spherical silica epoxy nanocomposite and the layered‐silicate epoxy nanocomposite can be cured to a high degree of curing. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering of the e‐beam‐cured layered‐silicate epoxy nanocomposites demonstrate the intercalated nanostructure or combination of exfoliated and intercalated nanostructure. The TEM images show that the spherical silica epoxy nanocomposite has the morphology of homogeneous dispersion of aggregates of silica nanoparticles. The aggregate size is ～ 100 nm. The dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the storage modulus of the spherical silica nanocomposite has been improved, and the glass transition temperature can be very high (～ 175°C). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

High performance epoxy‐layered silicate nanocomposites

High performance epoxy‐layered silicate nanocomposites based on tetra‐glycidyl4,4'‐diamino‐dipheny1 methane (TGDDM) resin cured with 4,4'‐diaminodipheny1 sulfone (DDS) have been successfully synthesized. Fluorohectorites modified by means of interlayer cation exchange of sodium cations for protonated dihydro‐imidazolines and octadecylamine were used. Fluorohectorite exchanged with 1‐methy12‐norsteary1‐3‐stearinoacid‐amidoethy1‐dihydro‐imidazolinium ions was immiscible with the epoxy matrix. In contrast, fluorohectorites exchanged with hydroxyethy1‐dihydro‐imidazolinium (HEODI) and riciny1‐dihydro‐imidazolinium ions (RDI) favored the formation of a nanocomposite structure. This is most likely due to the presence of ‐OH groups in their molecular structure, which has a catalytic effect on the polymerization occurring between the silicate layers. The diffusion of epoxy and curing agent molecules between the silicate layers is also promoted. Microscopy observations revealed that the dispersion of the silicate aggregates on a microscale was proportional to the degree of separation of the silicate layers on a nanoscale. Decreased apparent glass transition temperature was observed in all the nanocomposites. Finally, mechanical property studies showed that epoxy‐layered silicate nanocomposite formation could simultaneously improve fracture toughness and Young's modulus, without adversely affecting tensile strength.     

可降解热塑性淀粉/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

热塑性淀粉/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料具有常规热塑性淀粉材料所没有的结构、形态以及较常规热塑性淀粉材料具有更优异的机械性能、耐热性能和气体、液体阻隔性能等而显示出重要的科学意义和应用前景.本文综述了目前国内外热塑性淀粉/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的发展现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

Progress on Epoxy/Polyamide and Inorganic Nanofiller-Based Hybrids: Introduction,Application, and Future Potential

An efficient method to obtain better properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites is to introduce thermoplastic polymer such as polyamide into thermosetting resin. Combined effect of both polymers provides extra-bonding sites for nanofiller dispersion. This review mainly covers inorganic nanofiller dispersed epoxy/polyamide nanocomposite and their applications. To understand interaction between thermoset epoxy and thermoplastic polyamide, knowledge of structure, synthesis, and categorization is worth important. Addition of inorganic nanofiller such as layered silicate and metal oxide results in enhanced thermomechanical, physiochemical, and anticorrosive properties of resultant nanocomposite. These nanocomposites have applications as protective coatings, adhesives, insulators in electrical devices, and in aerospace industries.     

Rheological behavior of polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding in shear and elongational flows

Melt rheology and processability of exfoliated polypropylene (PP)/layered silicate nanocomposites were investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding process in the presence or absence of a PP‐based maleic anhydride compatibilizer. PP/layered silicate nanocomposites showed typical rheological properties of exfoliated nanocomposites such as nonterminal solid‐like plateau behavior at low frequency region in oscillatory shear flow, higher steady shear viscosity at low shear rate region, and outstanding strain hardening behavior in uniaxial elongational flow. The melt processability of exfoliated PP/layered silicate nanocomposites was significantly improved due to good dispersion of layered silicates and increased molecular interaction between the PP matrix and the layered silicate organoclay. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy results revealed that the layered silicate organoclay was exfoliated and good interaction between PP matrix and organoclay was achieved by using the PP‐g‐MAH compatibilizer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3506–3515, 2007     

Effect of two types of layered silicate on mechanical and barrier properties of hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR)/layered silicate nanocomposites

Abstract

The role of the type of layered silicate platelets, OMMT and rectorite on the mechanical properties, aging resistance and oxygen permeation properties of HNBR/layered silicate nanocomposites was investigated. The effect of peroxide vulcanising agent on the dispersion of layered silicate in the HNBR matrix was also studied. HNBR was mechanically mixed with layered silicate via melt blending method. The results of the test show remarkable improvement in tensile strength, tear strength, aging resistance and oxygen permeation properties of HNBR nanocomposites than that of unfilled HNBR. It is obvious that the OMMT filled nanocomposites have far better properties than that of rectorite filled HNBR.     

环氧树脂/水滑石纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了水滑石的结构、性能、制备方法及环氧树脂/水滑石纳米复合材料的制备方法;指出与环氧复合材料相比,环氧树脂/水滑石纳米复合材料具有良好的阻燃性能和抑烟效果,应用前景广阔.