Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶(sol-ge1)、共沉淀(CP)和沉积沉淀(DP)法制备了介孔TiO2-Al2O3复合载体(简称复合载体);以噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)为探针反应,考察了复合载体制备条件对负载型Au-Pd催化剂噻吩HDS反应性能的影响;并采用X射线衍射进行表征.结果表明,不同温度焙烧的TiO2一Al2O3复合载体都具有介孔结构,其中773 K焙烧制得的TiO2一Al2O3复合载体的比表面积和孔容较大,B酸中心较多;以乙醇还原的Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性较好.乙醇还原的Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂中Au-Pd之间及活性组分与载体之间的相互作用较强,形成AuxPdy合金的晶粒较小,活性组分的分散度和活性表面积较大,反应活化能较低,这些均有利于催化剂活性的提高.     

反应条件对MoP/TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱氮性能的影响

用溶胶凝胶法制备了不同TiO2含量的MoP/TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3催化剂,对含喹啉的模型化合物,在连续固定床反应器上进行了HDN活性评价,考察了不同反应条件（反应温度、空速、压力、氢油比）对催化剂加氢脱氮性能的影响.结果表明：原位还原法制备的磷化钼催化剂,其加氢活性与原位还原条件有较大的关系,实验确立了最佳加氢脱氮的反应条件为：反应温度为380℃,空速为2.0h^-1,压力为3.0MPa,氢油比为500.     

分步浸渍法制备CoMoAg/γ-Al2O3催化剂及其脱硫性能的研究

以γ-Al<,2>O<,3>为载体,以Co、Mo、Ag为主要活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂CoMoAg/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>,并对其进行了XRD表征;利用加氢原理,考察了MoCoAg/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>催化剂在不同工艺条件下处理模拟汽油的脱硫效果.结果表明,在反应温度164.5℃、反应压力1.0 ...     

高分散Ni2P/γ-Al2O3 催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫性能研究

分别以商品化和水热法合成的多级孔结构的γ-Al2O3 为载体,采用磷源热解法制得负载型Ni2P催化剂.通过XRD、SEM、N2物理吸脱附和CO化学吸附等手段对所制备的载体及催化剂进行表征,考察了不同载体对催化剂常压下噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,自制的y-Al2O3具有更高的比表面及发达的微观结构,以其为载体制备的...     

Co-Mo/TiO2-Al2O3废润滑油加氢精制催化剂研究

制备Co-Mo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂并用于废润滑油加氢精制.结果表明,在反应温度340℃、反应压力7.0 MPa、体积空速1.2 h-1、氢油体积比600:1的反应条件下,加氢精制油品的粘度指数提高了21,S含量14.4μg·g-1,N含量8.0μg·g-1,Cl含量<0.1μg·g-1,色度0.4,收率96.5...     

制备条件对Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体, 以柠檬酸为络合剂, 浸渍法制备了负载型Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂前体, 程序升温H₂还原法制备了Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂, 并用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附比表面积(BET)测定技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征, 考察了浸渍方法、Ni/P摩尔比、Ni₂P负载量对其进行的二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响。结果表明, 当Ni/P比低于1:1时, 能得到单一的Ni₂P物相;当Ni/P比为2:1时, 开始出现Ni₃P物相。采用Ni/P比为1:1、Ni₂P负载量为30%、采用共浸渍方法制备的Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂具有最好的活性, 在360℃、3.0MPa、氢油比500 (体积比)、液时体积空速2.0h^-1的条件下反应4h时, 二苯并噻吩转化率为99.5%。     

焙烧及还原条件对Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体, 以柠檬酸(CA)为络合剂采用浸渍法制备了Ni₂P负载的TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体催化剂, 并用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附比表面积(BET)测定技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征, 考察了载体焙烧温度、催化剂焙烧温度、还原温度、还原压力对其进行的二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响。结果表明, 升高载体焙烧温度有利于催化剂表面上活性物种的分散, 但焙烧温度过高会导致催化剂烧结, 适宜的载体焙烧温度为550℃。当还原温度为500～550℃时, 磷化镍主要以Ni₁₂P₅相形式存在, 且随着还原温度的升高, Ni₁₂P₅的衍射峰强度逐渐增强, 还原温度为700℃时, 可得到单一的Ni₂P物相。载体焙烧温度为550℃, 催化剂焙烧温度为500℃, 还原温度为700℃, 常压还原制备的Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂具有最好的活性。在360℃、3.0MPa、氢油体积比500、液时体积空速2.0h^-1的条件下, 反应4h时, DBT转化率为99.5 %。     

还原温度对Ni-La2O3/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备Ni-La2O3/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂,对催化剂进行不同温度还原,并利用XRD、H2-TPR等表征,考察了还原温度对催化剂反应性能的影响.结果表明,低于400℃的还原条件下,NiO未被有效还原,催化剂表现出低的加氢活性;还原温度在450 ～ 550℃时,由于La2O3抑制了高温还原导致的活性组分Ni聚集长大,催化剂保持了高的加氢活性.     

WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及加氢脱氮性能

采用程序升温、高纯氢气还原无定形磷钨酸盐的方法制备了活性组分为磷化钨的WP／γ-A1203催化剂，考察了催化剂对吡啶加氢脱氮(HDN)反应的催化活性。结果表明，先混合后还原方法制备的WP／γ～Al2O3催化剂WP2更有利于活性组分在载体表面的分散，且稳定性比较好。该催化剂具有较好的加氢脱氮性能，340℃时吡啶加氢脱氮率为95．4％。噻吩对催化剂WP2的HDN活性有较大影响。     

NiMo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂活性相表征及加氢脱硫反应性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备TiO₂含量不同的TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,以传统的浸渍法制备活性金属负载量相同的NiMo/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。运用N₂低温吸附法、X射线衍射、H₂程序升温还原和激光拉曼光谱等方法对催化剂进行表征,在10 mL微型反应装置上进行催化剂活性评价。结果表明,当复合载体中TiO₂含量达到一定值后,TiO₂在整个TiO₂- Al₂O₃体系中的存在状态由高度分散转变为表面富集,XRD能够检测出锐钛矿型TiO₂的特征峰;TiO₂的添加对于催化剂的酸性能没有明显改变;激光拉曼光谱分析结果表明,TiO₂的存在有利于生成八面体结构的钼物种,并在TiO₂质量分数为8%时加氢脱硫活性达到较高水平。     

还原条件对三元载体加氢催化剂加氢脱氮性能的影响

用原位溶胶凝胶法制备了不同TiO：含量的MoP／TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3催化剂,对含喹啉的模型化合物,在连续同定床反应器上进行。THDN活性评价（反应温度为300～400℃,反应压力为3．0MPa）。在不同还原条件下,对催化剂进行加氢脱氮活性评价。结果表明：还原条件对MoP／TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢活性有较大影响,评价确定的最佳还原条件为：还原气速60mL／min,还原温度为600℃。     

Hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, dibenzothiophene and gas oil on various Co---Mo/TiO2-Al2O3 catalysts

Evaluation of Co---Mo catalysts prepared on various TiO₂-Al₂O₃ supports has been made for thiophene under atmospheric pressure, dibenzothiophene under high pressure and gasoil in a classical pilot plant. Comparison of activities indicates DBT as more representative of a real feedstock and the Co---Mo/TiO₂ (50%)-Al₂O₃ (50%) catalyst appears more active than the Co---Mo/Al₂O₃ sample toward HDS, HDN and hydrodearomatization.     

载体对V_2O_5-MoO_3/TiO_2催化剂表面性质及其选择性催化还原脱硝性能的影响

采用比表面积分别为101.86 m2·g-1(A)、86.37 m2·g-1(B)和7.78(C)m2·g-1(C)的TiO_2载体,通过分步浸渍法制备V2O5-Mo O3/TiO_2(A,B,C)选择性催化还原脱硝催化剂。在空速为10 000 h-1和氨氮体积比1.0条件下,以TiO_2(A)与TiO_2(B)为载体制备的催化剂脱硝活性在反应温度窗口(350~450)℃超过90%,且具有良好的高温抗硫中毒性能和相对较小的氨气氧化率。而以TiO_2(C)为载体制备的脱硝催化剂活性温度窗口窄,在350℃时获得的最高脱硝活性仅为73%,且对NH3的氧化作用较强。利用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附-脱附、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、H2程序升温还原和NH3程序升温脱附等对载体和催化剂进行表征。结果表明,活性组分V2O5在载体TiO_2(A)上分散性良好,主要以孤立态钒氧物种形式存在,因此,以TiO_2(A)为载体制备的催化剂比表面积、氧化还原性和表面酸性等性能更优。     

制备方法对Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂乙酰丙酸加氢性能的影响

分别采用浸渍法、沉积-沉淀法和共沉淀法制备了Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂,采用H2-TPR/TPD、XRD、NH3-TPD等对催化剂进行表征,并研究其催化乙酰丙酸加氢性能。结果表明,共沉淀法制备的催化剂中存在强的金属-载体相互作用、活性金属分散度高以及丰富的酸性中心。该催化剂表现出优异的催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成%-戊内酯性能以及高的使用稳定性。在160℃和4 MPa氢气压力反应条件下,乙酰丙酸转化率与%-戊内酯选择性可分别达85.0%和78.0%,催化剂循环使用3次时活性仍基本保持恒定。     

Ag-Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂制备及其甲基吡啶催化氧化脱甲基性能

针对甲基吡啶氧化脱甲基反应,以TiO_2为载体经浸渍法制备Ag-Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂,结合结构表征和催化剂性能评价,考察制备条件对其催化甲基吡啶氧化脱甲基性能的影响。结果表明,通过Fe_2O_3改性可以提高Ag-V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂对3-甲基吡啶氧化脱甲基化反应的催化性能,其作用主要是抑制V_2O_5团聚,促进V物种的分散。同时,锐钛矿相TiO_2载体表面B酸中心有利于催化3-甲基吡啶脱甲基,提高产物吡啶选择性。经实验优化,Ag-Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂适宜制备条件为:焙烧温度450℃、焙烧时间4 h、V_2O_5和Ag的负载质量分数分别为15%和1.5%、Fe与V物质的量比1∶2。在优化条件下,吡啶收率与选择性最高可达到62.97%和78.75%。     

柠檬酸促进NiMoP催化剂上二苯并噻吩脱硫反应

车用燃油中的含硫化合物是大气主要污染物SOx的主要来源,降低燃油中该类化合物含量是减少汽车尾气SOx排放量的重要保障。燃油加氢脱硫技术是满足这一环保要求的最重要手段,技术的关键是研制高效加氢脱硫催化剂。通过在NiMoP浸渍液中添加不同含量的柠檬酸,制备一系列NiMoP/Al₂O₃催化剂,以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物,考察催化剂在制备过程中添加柠檬酸对NiMoP/Al₂O₃催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,柠檬酸的加入能够提高催化剂的加氢脱硫性能,明显改善NiMoP/Al₂O₃催化剂的加氢性能。     

Performance of solvothermally prepared Ga2O3-Al2O3 catalysts for SCR of NO with methane

The solvothermal reaction of mixtures of aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) and gallium acetylacetonate (Ga(acac)₃) directly yielded the mixed oxides of γ-Ga₂O₃-Al₂O₃. In the solvothermal synthesis, the crystal structure of mixed oxides was controlled by the initial formation of γ-Ga₂O₃ nuclei. The mixed oxides prepared in diethylenetriamine have extremely high activities for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with methane as a reducing agent. With increasing crystallite size of the spinel structure, the catalytic activity increased. The ratio of the amount of methane consumed by combustion to total methane conversion was proportional to the density of acid sites on the surface of the mixed oxides. The mixed oxide catalysts prepared in diethylenetriamine had lower densities of acid sites and showed a higher methane-efficiency for CH₄-SCR than those prepared in other solvents. These catalysts maintained their high activity even when the reaction was carried out under the severe conditions (i.e., high space velocity and low NO concentration).     

Maya crude hydrodemetallization and hydrodesulfurization catalysts: An effect of TiO2 incorporation in Al2O3

Hydrotreating of Maya heavy crude oil over high specific surface area CoMo/TiO₂–Al₂O₃ oxide supported catalysts was studied in an integral reactor close to industrial practice. Activity studies were carried out with Maya crude hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodemetallization (HDM), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and hydrodeasphaltenization (HDAs) reactions. The effect of support composition, the method of TiO₂ incorporation, and the catalyst deactivation are examined. Supported catalysts are characterized by BET specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (PV), pore size distribution (PSD), and atomic absorption. It has been found that sulfided catalysts showed a wide range of activity variation with TiO₂ incorporation into the alumina, which confirmed that molybdenum sulfided active phases strongly depend on the nature of support. The pore diameter and nature of the active site for HDS, HDM, HDN, and HDAs account for the influence of the large reactant molecules restricted diffusion into the pore, and/or the decrease in the number of active sites due to the MoS₂ phases buried with time-on-stream. The textural properties and hysteresis loop area of supported and spent catalysts indicated that catalysts were deactivated at the pore mouth due to the metal and carbon depositions. The atomic absorption results agreed well regarding the textural properties of spent catalysts. Thus, incorporation of TiO₂ with γ-Al₂O₃ alters the nature of active metal interaction with support, which may facilitate the dispersion of active phases on the support surface. Therefore, the TiO₂ counterpart plays a promoting role to HDS activity due to the favorable morphology of MoS₂ phases and metal support interaction.     

Highly active sulfided CoMo catalyst on nano-structured TiO2

High surface area (>300 m² g⁻¹) nano-structured TiO₂ oxides (ns-T) were used as CoMo hydrodesulfurization catalyst support. Cylindrical extrudates were impregnated by incipient wetness with Mo (2.8 Mo at. nm⁻²) and Co (atomic ratio Co/(Co + Mo) = 0.3). Characterization of impregnated precursors was carried out by N₂ physisorption, XRD and atomic absorption and laser-Raman spectroscopies. Sulfided catalysts (400 °C, H₂S/H₂) were studied by X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy. As indicated by XRD and after various preparation steps (extrusion, Mo and Co impregnation and sulfiding) the nano-structured material was well preserved. XPS analyses showed that Co and Mo dispersion over the ns-T support was much higher than that on alumina. Very high surface S concentration suggested that even ns-T was partially sulfided during catalyst activation. Dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization activity (5.73 MPa, 320 °C, n-hexadecane as solvent) of CoMo/ns-T was two-fold to that of an alumina-supported commercial CoMo catalyst. The improvement was even more remarkable in intrinsic pseudo kinetic constant basis. No important differences in selectivity over the catalysts supported on either Al₂O₃ or ns-T were observed, where direct desulfurization to biphenyl was favored. Both Mo dispersion and sulfidability were enhanced on the ns-T support where Mo⁴⁺ fraction was notably increased (100%) as to that found on CoMo/Al₂O₃.