基于重组DCT系数子带能量直方图的图像检索

现在许多图像采用JPEG格式存储,检索这些图像通常要先解压缩,然后提取基于像素域的特征矢量进行图像检索。己有文献提出直接在DCT域进行图像检索的方法,这样可以降低检索的时间复杂度。本文提出对JPEG图像的DCT系数利用多分辨率小波变换的形式进行重组,对整个数据库中所有图像的DCT系数重组得到的若干子带,分别建立子带能量直方图,而后采用Morton顺序建立每幅图像的索引,并采用变形B树结构组织图像数据库用于图像检索。     

基于融合DCT和LBP特征提取的面部表情识别

针对离散余弦变换(DCT)只能提取面部表情图像的全局特征,而忽略了临近像素之间的关系、不能提取纹理特征信息、不能准确区分相似表情等问题,提出一种融合离散余弦变换方法和局部二值模式(LBP)特征的表情特征提取方法。该方法首先将人脸图像经过DCT获得的低频系数作为表情的全局特征;然后用LBP对贡献率较大的嘴部、眼睛区域进行局部纹理特征提取,通过将LBP提取到的局部纹理特征与DCT提取到的全局特征进行融合,从而得到更有效的表情特征;最后利用支持向量机(SVM)进行识别。实验结果表明:该方法比单独使用DCT方法提取的表情特征更有利于识别,提高了表情识别的准确性,并将这个表情识别方法用于智能轮椅的控制上,收到了良好的效果。     

Adaptive reconstruction technique for the lost information of the rectangular image area

The adaptive reconstruction for the lost information of the rectangular image area is very important for the robust transmission and restoration of the image. In this paper, a new reconstruction method based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain has been put forward. According to the low pass character of the human visual system and the energy distribution of the DCT coefficients on the rectangular boundary, the DCT coefficients of the rectangular image area are adaptively selected and recovered. After the Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT), the lost information of the rectangular image area can be reconstructed. The experiments have demonstrated that the subjective and objective qualities of the reconstructed images are enhanced greatly than before.     

Highly-compacted DCT coefficients

In this paper highly-compacted DCT coefficients (HDCT) are presented. This compactness is achieved by sorting in ascending order the data first, then by applying the Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) to the ordered data. Images are highly correlated. DCT exhibits excellent energy compaction. It will be shown that HDCT has much better energy compactness than the DCT. This has the effect of representing every ordered image with very small number of HDCT coefficients (dimensionality reduction). The compression capabilities of the HDCT are presented. HDCT is also applied to face recognition problem. Simulation results on different databases showed high average success rate of this algorithm compared to other algorithms.     

Efficient Cloud Image Retrieval System Using Weighted-Inverted Index and Database Filtering Algorithms

With the advance of multimedia technology and communications, images and videos become the major streaming information through the Internet. How to fast retrieve desired similar images precisely from the Internet scale image/video databases is the most important retrieval control target. In this paper, a cloud based content-based image retrieval (CBIR) scheme is presented. Database-categorizing based on weighted-inverted index (DCWⅡ) and database filtering algorithm (DFA) is used to speed up the features matching process. In the DCWⅡ, the weights are assigned to discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients histograms and the database is categorized by weighted features. In addition, the DFA filters out the irrelevant image in the database to reduce unnecessary computation loading for features matching. Experiments show that the proposed CBIR scheme outperforms previous work in the precision-recall performance and maintains mean average precision (mAP) about 0.678 in the large-scale database comprising one million images. Our scheme also can reduce about 50% to 85% retrieval time by pre-filtering the database, which helps to improve the efficiency of retrieval systems.     

一种结合边缘与区域信息的图像特征提取算法

为了能够较准确地表示图像的形状特征,提出了一种融合边界和区域信息的新的形状描述子。首先对图像进行二维离散余弦变换,获得低频系数作为区域特征。之后提取图像的轮廓并进行采样,形成描述形状轮廓的有序点列表,对每个采样点分别顺时针和逆时针等距离跟踪获得2个邻点,计算拱高以及质心距离。然后获取由拱高和质心距离组成的复函数的频域描述子,并组合区域特征与轮廓特征。对 MPEG-7标准图形库的检索实验显示,该描述子的检索性能显著优于三角形面积函数、质心距离函数与拱高半径复函数等同类描述子。     

基于DCT的PCA人脸识别系统研究

人脸识别是一种重要的生物特征识别技术,它广泛应用于电脑开机、门禁系统、安全监控和重要场所的身份验证。该文提出了一种基于DCT的PCA特征提取方法,该算法先对整个原始人脸图像进行DCT变换得到系数矩阵,再提取包含原始图像大部分信息的少量系数作PCA,提取出特征脸,再进行分类识别。对ORL人脸库的仿真实验表明,该方法优于单独DCT与PCA特征提取的识别方法,并且减少了运算量。     

Adaptive robust image watermark approach based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process

In this paper, we propose a novel image watermark approach using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for determining the watermark embedding strength adaptively in the block-based discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. By exploiting the brightness, energy and uniform characteristics of the DCT coefficients, we synthesize this information availably. The experimental results show that novel approach has not only the good robustness to commonly image processing such as Gaussian noise, cropping, mean filtering, median filtering, rotation and rescaling but also the very strong resistant ability to translation and rotation attacks.     

Arbitrary-ratio image resizing using fast DCT of composite length for DCT-based transcoder.

We propose a fast arbitrary-ratio image resizing method for transcoding of the compressed images. The downsizing process in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain can be implemented by truncating high-frequency coefficients, whereas the upsizing process is implemented in the DCT domain by padding zero coefficients to the high-frequency part. The proposed method combines a fast inverse and forward DCT of composite length for arbitrary-ratio upsizing or downsizing. According to the resizing ratio, truncating the high-frequency coefficients and padding zeros are appropriately considered by combining the inverse DCT and forward DCT. The proposed method shows a good peak signal-to-noise ratio and less computational complexity compared with the spatial-domain and previous DCT-domain image resizing methods.     

Statistical distributions of DCT coefficients and their application to an interframe compression algorithm for 3-D medical images

Displacement estimated interframe (DEI) coding, a coding scheme for 3-D medical image data sets such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images, is presented. To take advantage of the correlation between contiguous slices, a displacement-compensated difference image based on the previous image is encoded. The best fitting distribution functions for the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients obtained from displacement compensated difference images are determined and used in allocating bits and optimizing quantizers for the coefficients. The DEI scheme is compared with 2-D block discrete cosine transform (DCT) as well as a full-frame DCT using the bit allocation technique of S. Lo and H.K. Huang (1985). For X-ray CT head images, the present bit allocation and quantizer design, using an appropriate distribution model, resulted in a 13-dB improvement in the SNR compared to the full-frame DCT using the bit allocation technique. For an image set with 5-mm slice thickness, the DEI method gave about 5% improvement in the compression ratio on average and less blockiness at the same distortion. The performance gain increases to about 10% when the slice thickness decreases to 3 mm.     

Content Authentication Based on JPEG-to-JPEG Watermarking

A content authentication technique based on JPEG-to-JPEG watermarking is proposed in this paper. In this technique, each 88 block in a JPEG compressed image is first processed by entropy decoding, and then the quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) is applied to generate DCT coefficients: one DC coefficient and 63 AC coefficients in frequency coefficients. The DCT AC coefficients are used to form zero planes in which the watermark is embedded by a chaotic map. In this way, the watermark information is embedded into JPEG compressed domain, and the output watermarked image is still a JPEG format. The proposed method is especially applicable to content authentication of JPEG image since the quantized coefficients are modified for embedding the watermark and the chaotic system possesses an important property with the high sensitivity on initial values. Experimental results show that the tamper regions are localized accurately when the watermarked JPEG image is maliciously tampered.     

基于3D-DWT及混沌映射的加密医用体数据鲁棒检索算法研究

随着医疗数据的共享日益频繁,数据安全问题变得日益突出.安全起见,把医学图像加密后存储到服务器或云端.如何实现对加密医学图像检索成为一个亟待解决的问题.提出一种基于混沌和三维小波变换的加密医用体数据鲁棒检索算法.其主要步骤为:首先,通过三维小波变换和混沌映射对医用体数据进行加密;然后,对加密体数据进行小波分解,得到子带图像,再对子带图像进行DCT变换,提取DCT变换能量聚集的低频系数作为加密体数据的特征向量,建立加密图像的特征向量数据库;最后,通过计算加密图像的特征向量的相似度来检索目标图像,将检索到的加密图像返回,并解密所检索到的医用体数据.实验结果表明,该检索算法对加密体数据的常规攻击和几何攻击具有较强的鲁棒性,并提高了图像检索的安全性和准确性.     

Content Authentication Based on JPEG-to-JPEG Watermarking

A content authentication technique based on JPEG-to-JPEG watermarking is proposed in this paper. In this technique, each 8x8 block in a JPEG compressed image is first processed by entropy decoding, and then the quantized discrete cosine transform （DCT） is applied to generate DCT coefficients： one DC coefficient and 63 AC coefficients in frequency coefficients. The DCT AC coefficients are used to form zero planes in which the watermark is embedded by a chaotic map. In this way, the watermark information is embedded into JPEG compressed domain, and the output watermarked image is still a JPEG format. The proposed method is especially applicable to content authentication of JPEG image since the quantized coefficients are modified for embedding the watermark and the chaotic system possesses an important property with the high sensitivity on initial values. Experimental results show that the tamper regions are localized accurately when the watermarked JPEG image is maliciously tampered.     

Logo extraction using dynamic stochastic resonance

This paper presents a novel technique for watermark (logo) extraction from the distorted watermarked images. The proposed technique is based on the combined discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR). In this technique, DCT transform is applied to the DWT coefficients of the watermarked image. Later on, variance is calculated from the DCT coefficients, and it is used to tune the DCT coefficient with the help of dynamic double-well system parameters that causes resonance to DCT coefficients. The experimental results have been compared with the existing techniques and were found superior in terms of peak-value-of-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) and correlation coefficient.     

基于Logistic混沌映射的DCT域脆弱数字水印算法

本文提出了一种新的混沌脆弱数字水印算法.利用混沌系统对初值的极端敏感性和块不相关水印技术,将图像DCT次高频系数和水印密钥合成为logistic混沌映射初值从而生成水印,再将水印嵌入到图像DCT的高频系数中得到水印图像.利用图像DCT系数之间的关系,实现了水印的盲检测.实验结果表明,该算法可以精确检测到对水印图像的一个像数点的改变,并具有良好的定位篡改能力.     

基于最优小波包变换和离散余弦变换的灰度图像水印算法

本文提出了一种基于最优小波包变换和离散余弦变换的灰度图像水印算法,利用Arnold变换和Baker映射对水印图像进行置乱,并将置乱结果进行分块,对宿主图像进行最优小波包分解,然后修改低频子带系数来嵌入水印信息.嵌入前,利用离散余弦变换去除低频子带相邻系数的相关性后嵌入经过同样处理的置乱水印子块.实验表明该算法在抵抗噪声、滤波、旋转剪切等攻击下有比较好的鲁棒性.     

基于图像失真类型的自适应图像质量评价方法

提出了一种图像质量评价方法,所提出的评价算法抽取DCT系数特征来代表图像的失真类型,使用基于支持向量机的分类器对图像失真类型进行预测,随后针对每一种失真类型,给出相应的融合评价算法,对图像进行质量评价.实验结果表明,该算法在整体性能上要优于传统的PSNR及SSIM等图像质量评价算法.     

一种DWT与DCT相结合的音频数字水印技术

提出了一种将离散小波变化与离散余弦变换相结合的音频数字水印技术。利用离散小波变换的多分辨率特性和离散余弦变换的能量压缩能力,通过修改变换域的低中频系数,把降维后的二值图像嵌入到原始数字音频信号中。该算法可同时应用两种变换,而且嵌入和提取水印的方法简单。实验结果表明该算法水印不易破坏,对数字音频信号的低通滤波、叠加噪声等攻击均具有很好的隐蔽性和稳健性。     

DCT域中MPEG7主色描述符的提取

该文在MPEG7的基础上提出了DCT域内直接提取主色描述符的新方法。这种方法节省了对图像的解压缩的过程,因而大大的提高了对于压缩图像进行特征提取的速度和效果。作为整个箅法的一部分,一种自动阈值提取的算法也在该文中给予了描述。这种方法可以减少因人为设定经验阈值而带来的不确定性,使算法更具鲁棒性。对比检索试验结果也说明本算法是一个高速有效的算法。新算法主要用于压缩图像库或互联网上的相似检索。