聚 N,N-(β-二茂铁)-二乙基-γ-氨丙基硅氧烷钯催化剂的合成及其加氢活性

介绍了4种不同N/Pd摩尔比的聚N,N-(β-二茂铁)-二乙基-γ-氨丙基硅氧烷钯双金属催化剂的合成及其加氢活性,并对其与相应单金属催化剂的加氢活性进行了比较。这类双金属催化剂的加氢活性比相应单金属催化剂的高得多,且其起始吸氢速度随 N/Pd 比的增加而增大。     

负载型Pt-Ni双金属催化剂上甘油氢解反应性能

甘油氢解转化是获得高附加值化学品的主要途径之一。通过浸渍法制备了γ-Al2O3负载Pt-Ni双金属的甘油氢解催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气物理吸附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(TPR)以及X射线能谱分析(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:在γ-Al2O3负载的Pt-Ni双金属催化剂中,Pt原子与Ni原子之间发生了相互作用并形成了Pt Ni合金簇,使得Pt-Ni双金属催化剂产生了协同作用,对乙二醇的选择性大大高于Pt/γ-Al2O3和Ni/γ-Al2O3等单金属组分催化剂。固定床反应器实验结果表明,在473 K和3.0 MPa氢气压力下,负载量为2%Pt-15%Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂对乙二醇的选择性最高,达到28.4%,此时甘油的转化率为94.8%,1,2-丙二醇的选择性为58.2%。     

Ru-Pd双金属负载型催化剂催化3-甲基吡啶加氢反应研究

制备了Ru-Pd(4∶1)/C(负载量为5%)双金属负载催化剂,系统考察了反应温度、氢压等条件对3-甲基吡啶加氢反应活性的影响。结果表明,双金属Ru-Pd(4∶1)/C催化剂对3-甲基吡啶有较高的加氢活性,在(Ru+Pd)∶底物=1∶200(摩尔比),反应温度150℃,氢压4 MPa,还原反应3 h,3-甲基吡啶1 mL,乙醇4 mL的条件下,3-甲基吡啶转化率达100%,3-甲基哌啶的选择性达99%。     

三苯基膦和亚磷酸酯类配体在双环戊二烯氢甲酰化反应中的对比研究

以具有不同取代基的三苯基膦和亚磷酸酯为配体,铁磁性的钴铑双金属为催化剂,考察双环戊二烯氢甲酰化合成三环癸烷不饱和单醛的反应。结果表明,反应存在一定的诱导期,诱导期越短,反应速率越快;配体上的取代基对反应活性和产物选择性具有显著影响,吸电子取代基催化活性较高,诱导期较短,反应速率较快,但选择性较低。亚磷酸酯配体中以亚磷酸三苯酯效果最好,与三苯基膦相比,转化率和选择性均相对较低。在考察的配体中,三苯基膦作为配体,三环癸烷不饱和单醛选择性最高,达97%。     

级孔Pt-Ni/ZSM-5对木质素衍生物加氢脱氧性能研究

利用等体积共浸渍法制备了级孔ZSM-5分子筛负载Pt-Ni双金属催化剂,并系统研究了不同Pt/Ni比对愈创木酚和二苯并呋喃二元混合物加氢脱氧反应性能的影响。采用XRD、N₂-BET、SEM、TEM和H₂-TPR对Pt-Ni催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征。Ni掺入量较少时（1%和3%,质量分数）,有利于促进活性金属的分散,增强Pt-Ni双金属之间的协同作用;当Ni掺入量增加到5%时,活性金属出现较严重的团聚。二元混合物加氢脱氧实验结果表明与单金属Pt/HZ-75相比,双金属Pt-Ni/ZSM-5催化剂均表现出优异的加氢脱氧催化活性,Ni的引入显著提高了反应转化速率,并提高了产物中联环己烷的选择性。随着Pt/Ni比的降低,Pt-Ni催化剂的活性逐渐增加,而联环己烷选择性先升高后降低。Pt-3Ni/HZ-75催化剂在3 MPa、260℃下表现出最佳的催化活性和联环己烷选择性,反应4 h后转化率达到100%,联环己烷选择性达到43%。     

Ni对Pt/γ-Al2O3催化甲基环己烷脱氢性能的影响

采用饱和浸渍法制备了γ-Al₂O₃负载的Pt单金属和Pt-Ni双金属催化剂,用固定床反应器评价了催化剂的甲基环己烷脱氢反应性能,以考察Ni对Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化甲基环己烷脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,与单金属催化剂相比,Pt-Ni双金属催化剂具有更好的脱氢活性和稳定性。氢氧滴定分析结果表明加入Ni后Pt的分散性能变好,TEM分析表明加入Ni后金属颗粒尺寸变大,结合氢氧滴定与TEM数据,认为掺入Ni之后形成了Pt-Ni新的体系,此体系提高了催化剂表面上氢的结合能,最终提高了Pt-Ni双金属催化剂的脱氢活性和稳定性。此结果为开发适用于有机液体储氢材料脱氢的高效催化剂提供了思路。     

MoP/SiO_2-TiO2-ZrO_2催化剂加氢脱硫工艺条件考察

采用共沉淀法制备了SiO_2-TiO_2-ZrO_2三元复合氧化物载体,用浸渍法负载活性组分MoP制备MoP/SiO_2-TiO_2-ZrO_2催化剂。在固定床微反应器上,采用正交实验研究了反应温度、空速、氢油体积比和氢分压对催化剂噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响,并对劣质催化裂化(FCC)柴油的脱硫性能进行了考察。结果表明,催化剂最佳加氢脱硫条件为:反应温度380℃,空速2 h^(-1),氢油体积比500,氢分压4 MPa,此条件下,FCC柴油脱硫率达97.50%。     

双金属Mo-Ti-SBA-15的制备及催化环己烯环氧化性能

采用一步法分别制备了单金属介孔催化剂Ti-SBA-15-(36)、Mo-SBA-15-(180/28)和双金属介孔催化剂Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(X)。考察了双金属催化剂Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(X)中Mo含量对催化剂结构和催化性能的影响;分析了催化剂活性差异的原因并探讨了双金属催化剂的协同催化机理。对影响催化环氧化反应的主要因素进行了考察。结果表明:双金属催化剂Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(180/28)在环氧化反应中的催化效果优于单金属催化剂。当反应时间为8 h、反应温度为80℃、催化剂剂量为25 mg、以2.5 mmol环己烯为底物、叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)为氧源、1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂时,Ti-SBA-15-(36)、Mo-SBA-15-(180/28)和Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(180/28)为催化剂对应的环己烯转化率分别为41.07%、46.44%和98.33%,选择性分别为97.56%、93.19%和98.86%。Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(180/28)催化剂经过5次循环利用,环己烯的转化率和选择性均超过95%和97%,说明该催化剂具有很好的可循环利用性。     

氧化硅载体对Ir-Re双金属的结构及其催化甘油氢解的影响

采用3 种氧化硅载体KIT-6、G-6 和FS 制备了Ir-Re 双金属催化剂,并应用于甘油选择性氢解制备1,3-丙二醇,采用TEM、XRD、H₂-TPR、CO-DRIFTS 和NH3-TPD 等手段详细表征了催化剂结构,并探讨其构效关系。研究结果表明: 3 种催化剂表面的Ir-Re 双金属催化剂均形成了Ir-Re 合金结构, 合金化程度为Ir-Re/KIT-6 > Ir-Re/FS > Ir-Re/G-6;载体表面羟基含量显著影响Ir-Re 纳米粒子的分散度及其与载体的相互作用。Ir-Re/FS 的金属分散度最高,甘油氢解的初始活性最高但稳定性最差;而具有良好合金结构的Ir-Re/KIT-6 在甘油氢解中表现出良好的氢解活性和最高的1,3-丙二醇选择性。     

双金属Mo-Ti-SBA-15材料的制备及其环己烯环氧化性能

采用一步法分别制备了一系列单金属介孔催化剂Ti-SBA-15-36,Mo-SBA-15-(180/28)和双金属介孔催化剂Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(X)。考察了双金属催化剂Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(X)的Mo含量,对催化剂的结构和催化性能的影响。分析了催化剂活性差异的原因以及探讨了双金属催化剂的催化协同机理。考察了催化环氧化反应中的主要影响因素。结果表明,最佳的双金属催化剂Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(180/28)的催化效果均优于单金属催化剂的环氧化效果。当反应时间为8 h,反应温度为80 ℃,催化剂剂量为25 mg,以环己烯作为底物,TBHP作为氧源,1,2-二氯乙烷作为溶剂时,Ti-SBA-15-36,Mo-SBA-15-(180/28)和Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(180/28)的转化率分别为41.07%、46.44%和98.33%,选择性分别为97.56%、93.19%和98.86%。同时Mo-Ti-SBA-15-(180/28)也具有很好的可循环利用性。     

全馏分催化裂化汽油临氢芳构化研究

程序升温还原法制备了MoP/HZSM-5催化剂,并进行了XRD表征。以催化裂化全馏分油为原料,在小型连续固定床反应装置上,考察了工艺条件对催化剂芳构化降烯烃性能的影响。结果表明,MoP/HZSM-5催化剂具有较高活性和稳定性。在反应温度380 ℃、压力2.0 MPa、空速1.0 h^-1和氢油体积比400∶1条件下,芳烃体积分数36.90%,烯烃体积分数26.16%,液收66.70%。     

磷化钼的常压制备及脱硫活性

提出了磷化钼常压制备工艺,包括溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型磷化钼催化剂前体及在常压下以氢氮混合气为还原剂的催化剂前体还原。研究结果表明：磷化钼常压制备工艺可行;担载量为25%、磷钼比为1∶1、焙烧温度为500 ℃、氢氮比为1∶9、还原气空速为2400 h?1、还原终温为550 ℃时催化剂比表面积最大,可达122.336 m2/g;以噻吩为模型化合物考察磷化钼催化剂的催化活性,噻吩转化率可达89.17%。     

Dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization over MoP/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> catalyst prepared with sol-gel method

Silica-supported molybdenum phosphide, MoP/SiO₂ catalysts with different Mo weight loadings were prepared by temperature programmed reduction of the oxidic catalyst precursors, which were prepared via sol-gel technique using ethyl silicate-40 as silica source. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area measurements, and their catalytic activity in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) was tested with dibenzothiophene (DBT) as model compound. XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the catalyst up to 10 wt% Mo loading and the formation of crystalline MoP phase on amorphous silica support with higher Mo loading. BET surface area showed high surface area for catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique with lower Mo content, and the surface area decreased with increasing in Mo loading. The HDS results showed that prepared MoP/SiO₂ exhibited high HDS activity and stability toward the catalytic test. Among the series of catalysts prepared, MoP/SiO₂ containing 20 wt% Mo was found to be the most active catalyst. And the effects of reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure on conversion and product selectivity were investigated.     

MoP/SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2下萘的加氢脱芳工艺优化

采用共沉淀法制备了SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2复合载体,以此载体制备了MoP/SiO2一TiO2-ZrO2催化剂,在微型固定床反应器上以萘的十二烷溶液为模型化合物,通过正交试验考察了反应温度、反应压力、体积空速和V(氢)∶V(油)4个因素对脱芳效果的影响,得到了加氢脱芳的适宜工艺条件为:反应温度360℃、反应压力5 M...     

A Comparative Study of 4-Methylphenol Hydrodeoxygenation Over High Surface Area MoP and Ni2P

Unsupported, high surface area MoP and Ni₂P catalysts were synthesized by adding citric acid (CA) to solutions of ammonium heptamolybdate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate or nickel nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, respectively, followed by drying (397?K), calcination (773?K), and reduction in H₂ (923?K). The addition of CA increased the surface area, decreased the particle size, and increased the CO uptake of the MoP and Ni₂P catalysts. At 623?K and 4.4?MPa, the Ni₂P was 2.3 times more active than the MoP on a mass basis and 6 times more active on a site basis for the hydrodeoxygenation of 4-methylphenol. However, the Ni₂P catalysts deactivated due to non-selective carbon deposition on the catalyst surface. Oxidation was excluded as a potential cause of deactivation over the Ni₂P catalysts. The rate of deactivation was well described by an exponential decay law. Deactivation was eliminated by operation at higher H₂ pressures (5.3 and 6.1?MPa) but the hydrogenation selectivity of the Ni₂P increased at these conditions. No deactivation was observed over the MoP catalysts at the conditions of the present study.     

MoP/Hβ catalyst prepared by low-temperature auto-combustion for hydroisomerization of n-heptane

Molybdenum phosphide supported on Hβ zeolite (MoP/Hβ) was prepared via the low-temperature auto-combustion method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃. The as-synthesized MoP/Hβ was employed as the bifunctional catalyst for the hydroisomerization of n-heptane, and gave a much higher activity compared to the counterpart MoP/Hβ catalyst prepared by the traditional impregnation method. The promoted effect of the low-temperature auto-combustion method on the catalytic performance is attributed to the less blockage of β pores and more strong acid sites of the as-synthesized MoP/Hβ.     

Novel inexpensive transition metal phosphide catalysts for upgrading of pyrolysis oil via hydrodeoxygenation

Supported molybdenum/molybdenum‐phosphides as inexpensive catalysts for bio‐oil hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) were in‐house prepared using different support materials, i.e., Al₂O₃, activated carbon (AC), MgAl₂O₄, and Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆. The HDO activity of these catalysts were investigated using a 100 mL bench‐scale reactor operating at 300°C with an initial hydrogen pressure of 50 bar for 3 h with a pyrolysis oil (PO). The catalytic efficiencies for bio‐oil HDO for the catalysts were compared with the expensive but commercially available Ru/C catalyst. Addition of small amount of P to the Mo catalysts supported on either AC and Al₂O₃ led to increased degree of deoxygenation (DOD) and oil yield compared with those without P. MoP supported on AC (MoP/AC) demonstrated bio‐oil HDO activity comparable to the Ru/C catalyst. Furthermore, three AC‐supported metal phosphides for PO HDO were compared under the same conditions, and they were found to follow the order of NiP/AC > CoP/AC > MoP/AC. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3664–3672, 2016     

Surface reconstruction enabling MoO2/MoP hybrid for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid

Selective oxidation of p-xylene (PX) to terephthalic acid (TA) remains exceptionally challenging since it easily undergoes deep oxidation. Herein, a nickel foam-supported molybdenum dioxide/molybdenum phosphide hybrid electrocatalyst (MoO₂/MoP/NF) is reported for highly selective generation of TA via electrocatalytic oxidation (ECO) of PX in alkaline medium. The efficient MoO₂/MoP/NF anode material displays a unique cluster-like nanocone architecture, showing abundant active sites and rapid charge transfer kinetics. Benefit from the synergy between MoO₂ and MoP, the MoO₂/MoP/NF provides a high TA selectivity of 94.8% and an outstanding faradaic efficiency of 76.9% at the conversion of 71.6%. Additionally, the anodic oxidation of PX over MoO₂/MoP/NF promotes the cathodic hydrogen production. The potential-induced surface reconstruction of the as-synthesized MoO₂/MoP/NF yields new phases of phosphomolybdate and potassium molybdate. The top P site on the phosphomolybdate surface facilitates the adsorption of reaction intermediates but weakens the adsorption of TA, thereby yielding high selectivity toward TA.     

Influence of reduction temperature and metal loading on the performance of molybdenum phosphide catalysts for dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization

Two series of alumina-supported molybdenum phosphide (MoP) catalysts with low and high metal loadings were prepared by temperature-programmed reduction of the oxidic catalyst precursors in hydrogen to different temperatures (823, 923, 1023 and 1123 K, respectively). Effects of reduction temperature and metal loading on the surface distribution and the type of species formed were studied by TPR, S_BET, XRD, HRTEM, ³¹P NMR, ²⁷Al NMR and in the reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performed in a flow reactor at 553 K and total hydrogen pressure of 3.4 MPa. HRTEM and ³¹P NMR confirmed formation of MoP phase on all catalysts. The 9.9 wt% Mo catalyst activated at lowest reduction temperature (823 K) was found to be most active among the catalysts studied. The presence of a low amount of Mo⁰ species on the surface of this catalyst does not appear to be a drawback for the catalytic activity. The increase in both metal loading (from 9.9 to 15 wt% Mo and from 3.2 to 4.8 wt% P) and reduction temperature (from 823 to 1123 K) was found to be detrimental for HDS activity due to sintering of active phase, and also to decrease in specific area and formation of phosphate species.