Uniform Polarization Scattering With Fiber-Coil-Based Polarization Controllers

A detailed study of fiber-coil-based polarization controllers (PCs) is performed. First, a method to deterministically calculate the PC configuration in order to transform between any two states of polarization is presented. In a second stage, the case in which the configuration angles are randomly changed is studied. The cases of a single PC and of the system obtained with the concatenation of several PCs are analyzed. For both cases, a general expression for the variance of the Stokes parameters is obtained. Using this expression, it is demonstrated that it is possible to achieve uniform polarization scattering using a concatenation of fiber-coil-based PCs. Finally, it is shown that fiber-coil-based PCs can be used to emulate both first- and second-order polarization-mode dispersions     

Effects of a Rough Boundary Surface on Polarization of the Scattered Field from an Inhomogeneous Medium

The effect of surface roughness on the polarization of the scattered field is studied by combining the standard Kirchhoff method for rough surface scattering with the radiative transfer method for volume scattering using the Rayleigh phase function. Corresponding cases of pure surface scattering from a homogeneous layer and volume scattering from a plane inhomogeneous layer are also computed to serve as points of reference. In each case the degree of polarization DP, polarization ratio PR, locations on the Poincaré sphere of copolarization nulls CN, and cross-polarization nulls XN are computed. It is found that for pure surface scattering PR between 0-20° incidence angles is quite sensitive to change in surface roughness. However, when both surface and volume scattering are present, CN by colatitude or DP between 0-15° incidence angles and CN or XN by longitude at large incidence angles (>60°) are better indicators of change in surface roughness. Since XN changes insignificantly in pure surface scattering, it appears that a significant change in it can serve as an indicator for the presence of volume scattering. Also, in pure surface or volume scattering, the variations of DP and CN by colatitude are monotone with the incidence angle, while in the combined surface and volume scattering DP has a minimum and CN by colatitude has a maximum. This character offers the possibility of separating combined surface and volume scattering from pure surface or volume scattering.     

基于极化联合特征的海面目标检测方法

该文从全极化体制角度出发,提出一种基于极化联合特征的海面目标检测方法。首先基于极化协方差矩阵,通过Cloude特征分解,提取表征回波随机程度的极化熵和反熵的数学期望;接着直接基于极化散射矩阵,通过Krogager特征分解,提取表征回波中极化散射分量结构组成的球散射体分量、二面角散射体分量和螺旋体散射分量的归一化系数;由提取的特征构成五维特征空间,利用主成分分析(PCA)降维证明所提特征具有良好的可分性,最后采用一类支持向量机(OCSVM)对目标和杂波进行识别。所提方法分别从极化相干和非相干分解两个角度出发,通过两种不同的极化分解方式提取特征,在一定程度上解决了高海情下基于单一极化分解方法存在的检测效果不理想的问题。通过IPIX实测数据验证所提方法具有良好的检测能力。      

Polarization properties of stimulated Brillouin scattering insingle-mode fibers

The polarization properties of stimulated brillouin scattering (SBS) in low birefringent optical fibers were evaluated using Stokes calculus. It was found that the Brillouin gain for orthogonally polarized pump and probe wave is half (in dB) of the gain for identical polarization, and not equal as often mentioned in literature. Therefore the polarization factor is K=1_1/2 for complete polarization scrambling, and not K=2. The spontaneous SBS has the same state of polarization as the pump, and its degree of polarization is 33.3% for low pump powers and near 100% for high pump powers. The experimental results agree very well with the calculations     

多粒子散射的偏振传输特性分析

针对多因素影响下偏振光在散射介质中的一般传输特性,系统分析了入射光波长、介质厚度、粒子参数和入射光偏振态等物理属性对偏振光子传输特性的影响。采用蒙特卡罗方法,追踪每个光子的偏振态变化,通过统计分析偏振度变化曲线得到光经过多次散射后的斯托克斯矢量和偏振信息,并对偏振光在散射介质中的传输规律进行分析。仿真实验表明相对于波长比较大的粒子对入射光的偏振态改变较小;线偏振光能较好地保持自身偏振态;圆偏振光能够在较短时间内重新恢复自身偏振状态,粒子半径越大恢复能力越强,并且在向前传输的过程中其旋转方向会发生改变。     

目标极化散射特性对极化分集雷达检测性能的影响

针对全极化、混合极化和单极化3种典型体制的极化分集雷达(PDR)系统,该文分析了目标极化散射特性对系统检测性能的影响。基于目标极化散射统计模型和雷达接收电压方程,分别推导了3种体制下的目标回波向量的统计特性。在高斯背景下,设计了奈曼-皮尔逊准则下的最优极化分集多通道融合检测算法,并推导了虚警概率和检测概率的闭式表达式。仿真结果表明,当系统信噪比(SNR)一定时,目标极化散射分量间的相关性是影响系统检测性能的主要因素,特别是匹配极化散射分量和交叉极化散射分量间的相关性。此外,全极化体制和单极化体制的检测性能比混合极化体制稳健。      

各向异性超材料中太赫兹波的偏振转换

各向异性超材料可以控制太赫兹波的偏振态,实现入射太赫兹波的偏振转换。为了获得非手性各向异性超材料的透射响应与本征偏振复透射系数的关系及其入射偏振依赖性,在太赫兹时域光谱系统中测量了等臂长L形结构超材料在不同偏振角下的正入射透射谱,获得并分析了透射太赫兹波的偏振转换率和偏振态,所得结果与基于琼斯矩阵和坐标变换计算的结果一致。在0.7 THz~1.3 THz频率范围内可实现约20%的偏振态能量转换效率。在L结构和双L结构的偏振转换透射谱中分别观察到了宽带响应和多频共振响应,表明结构改变对太赫兹波透过特性的敏感性和可操控性。所得到的结果可用于太赫兹功能器件的设计、表征和优化。     

多角度偏振浊度计不同观测角上偏振测量角的控制实现

气溶胶散射光偏振特性的测量与分析,对求得气溶胶的尺度谱、数密度、形状和折射率等数据,以及反演大气的光学和物理参数有着重要的意义。简要介绍了多角度偏振浊度计的测量原理,详细介绍了针对该仪器的扫描结构,如何完成在不同散射角上对偏振测量角度的控制。     

微粗糙面下埋地地雷目标的极化滤波增强

首先采用了二维分数布朗运动来模拟实际地面,利用微扰法给出了微粗糙表面的散射矩阵;其次计算了微粗糙面下某型号地雷目标的极化散射特性,并与平坦地表下的极化特性进行了比较;最后,在考虑地杂波干扰时,研究了杂波环境中埋地地雷目标的极化滤波增强技术,给出了收／发天线的最优极化状态。     

伪装材料的偏振散射光谱研究

采用多波段偏振CCD相机在光学与红外波段测试了镜面反射方向伪装材料的偏振特征.研究了不同入射条件下具有粗糙表面的伪装材料的偏振散射过程,得到了材料的偏振散射光谱.在镜面反射方向,伪装材料表面具有高的线偏振度,而草地背景的线偏振度很低.利用Kirchhoff近似理论分析了粗糙表面的偏振散射过程,分析结果与实验测试的偏振光谱相一致.由于伪装材料与背景的偏振散射光谱不同,因此利用偏振信息成像能够识别复杂背景中的伪装目标.偏振遥感在伪装目标识别方面具有重要的军事应用价值.     

弹道目标宽带极化特征提取分析

针对弹道目标的极化高分辨一维距离像,研究宽带极化特征提取算法,分析所提取特征表征的目标散射特性及其在目标分类识别中的应用。通过弹道目标全极化高分辨一维距离像,构建极化散射矩阵,估计弹道目标的极化相干矩阵,再对其进行Cloude分解,提取H/α/A/P特征,依此对目标各散射中心的散射机理进行判定,同时分析各特征对于弹道目标可分性的强弱,利用SVM算法进行分类识别,同时考虑了信噪比对识别结果的影响,用仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

一种基于偏振信息的恒星白天观测方法

为了提高恒星白天观测的能力,提出一种偏振观测的新方法.大气散射具有很强的偏振特性,而恒星星光的偏振度与之相比往往非常小,该方法正是利用大气散射偏振特性与恒星星光偏振特性的差别,从偏振图像中提取恒星,从而提高恒星的识别概率.通过自行研制的偏振图像采集系统对接天文望远镜获取恒星偏振图像,进行恒星的偏振图像提取,实验结果表明该方法能有效地提取恒星目标,实现恒星白天观测.     

宽带雷达目标的瞬态极化时频分布表征

从雷达目标本身的电磁散射特性的表征出发,提出了描述雷达目标的瞬态极化的时频分布的思路,导出了雷达目标的瞬态极化Wigner-Ville分布的定义和性质,并给出了雷达目标瞬态极化的一般类时频分布,为进一步的检测和识别提供了理论基础。     

雾对水面舰船目标的偏振特性的影响研究

在米氏散射理论的基础上,通过仿真试验分析了不同浓度的雾对水面舰船目标偏振特性的影响,并利用6SV模型对其进行了数值模拟,得到了雾对目标偏振特性的影响数据。随着雾的浓度的不断增加,退偏现象趋于明显。然后对产生退偏现象的原因进行了分析。该试验结果对于偏振探测技术在雾天环境下的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Polarization Symmetric Scatterer Metric Space

The coherent polarization scattering matrix decomposition presented in Cameron brought attention to the importance of Symmetric Scatterer Space, the space of scattering matrices corresponding to symmetric scatterers. Each symmetric scatterer scattering matrix can be associated with a complex number $z$, the scatterer-type parameter, where $vert zvert leq 1$. A distance measure, $d(z_{1}, z_{2})$, was defined on Symmetric Scatterer Space providing a means of comparing scattering matrices. It will be demonstrated that Symmetric Scatterer Space is a metric space with metric $d(z_{1}, z_{2})$ . A new mapping of the Unit Disc representation of Symmetric Scatterer Space to a sphere is also presented along with a metric on the sphere, $d_{rm s}(theta_{1}, phi_{1}; theta_{2}, phi_{2})$, that is equivalent to the metric $d(z_{1}, z_{2}) $ on the Unit Disc.      

灰霾型气溶胶粒子偏振特性研究

基于VLIDORT矢量辐射传输模型,应用灰霾型气溶胶的物理参量,计算了不同条件下的灰霾气溶胶偏振辐射特性,并与常用气溶胶模式下计算的偏振辐射进行分析对比,得到了灰霾气溶胶条件下偏振辐射对于几何位置、气溶胶光学厚度、气溶胶复折射指数、单次反照率、地表参数的敏感性。对于利用偏振辐射实现灰霾气溶胶监测以及气溶胶复折射指数与光学厚度反演提供了理论依据。     

随机分布多粒子侧向散射光偏振特性分析

为了研究随机分布的复合多粒子侧向散射光偏振度和粒子直径大小之间的关系,采用直径0.22μm或0.494μm的粒子与过滤的蒸馏水混合构成不同浓度的悬浮液,作为研究粒子侧向散射光偏振特性散射介质的实验方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证,取得了直径0.22μm的粒子侧向散射光强在不同深度、不同角度的偏振度和直径0.22μm或0.494μm的粒子在3种浓度中侧向散射中水平偏振度、垂直偏振度的数据。结果表明,粒子侧向散射光的退偏振对粒子直径的变化非常敏感,直径小的粒子其散射光水平方向偏振度远大于直径大的粒子,而其散射光垂直方向的偏振度却远小于直径大的粒子。这一结果对多粒子存在状况下的粒子直径检测是有帮助的(尤其适用于粒子直径小于1μm的情况)。     

介质柱电磁极化散射的计算和分析

本文首次给出柱形体的一种有价值的极化散射矩阵Ｓ,定义,Ｓ,具有六个自由度,它包含了柱形体散射的所有信息,并给出计算平行极化ＲＣＳ的垂直极化ＲＣＳ等公式。从Ｓｓ也易于导出线极化基极化散射矩阵Ｓｔ和圆极化基极化散射矩阵Ｓｃ等。在此基础上本文将ＭｏＭ－ＣＧＭ－ＦＦＴ混降低了所需计算机内存和ＣＰＵ,提高了计算效率。本文以介质板柱体的极化散射为例进行了计算,所得结果与理论结果与及其它文献中的精确结果进行比较     

通道不平衡和天线串扰对瞬态极化测量的影响

雷达目标的极化散射矩阵包含了目标的结构、材料和形状等特征信息,在目标识别、分类以及抗干扰等领域 可发挥重要作用。准确获取目标的极化回波信息是进一步利用极化特征进行目标识别分类的前提。本文依据瞬时极化 测量体制,针对实际的双通道瞬时极化雷达系统,推导了包含通道不平衡和天线串扰等系统误差的数学模型。通过仿 真分析,获得了通道不平衡和天线串扰对提取目标极化散射矩阵的影响,为瞬时极化雷达系统设计和系统校准工作提 供依据。     

On the polarization and the wavelength dependence of sea echo

Data on radar cross section per unit areasigmadegof the sea at 6.3 Gc/s and 35.0 Gc/s and for grazing angles between1.5degand4.0degare reviewed. The data were obtained by simultaneously receiving both horizontally and vertically polarized echo components for transmitted polarizations which were sequentially changed between horizontal and vertical. Results indicate that sea echo is primarily caused by two scattering mechanisms: 1) a wind-dependent fine structure of the sea (presumably ripples) that partly depolarizes and has a scattering cross section which depends on wavelength in accordance withlambda^{-1}, and 2) a gross structure of the sea (presumably smooth facets between the ripples) that does not depolarize and has a scattering cross section which is independent of wavelength. The cross sections for transmitting and receiving vertical polarization (sigmadeg VV) and for transmitting and receiving horizontal polarization (sigmadeg HH) are caused by the sum of the contributions from the two mechanisms. Therefore, although dependent on sea state and polarization, it seems thatsigmadeg VVandsigmadeg HHwill tend to be independent of wavelength at the lower frequency end of the microwave spectrum and will tend to depend on wavelength in accordance withlambda^{-1}at the higher end of the spectrum. A comparison of data at 6.3 Gc/s and 35.0 Gc/s and for grazing angles between1.5degand4.0degindicates that the wavelength dependences ofsigmadeg VVandsigmadeg HHare functions of sea state but are greater thanlambdadegand are considerably less thanlambda^{-1}.