小径管周向裂纹涡流传感器几何参数优化

为解决传统探头检测小径管周向缺陷时,易出现漏检或耗时长的缺点,设计了一款针对此类缺陷的涡流探头。通过有限元仿真和试验的方法对探头的几何参数进行优化,分析了磁性材料厚度、宽度,激励线圈线径以及匝数对小径管周向缺陷检测的影响,为优化探头检测性能提供参考。制作新型探头与传统涡流探头对标准缺陷进行检测试验,发现在检测周向缺陷时,制作的探头比常规探头的检测能力更强。     

一种具有聚焦作用的线圈涡流问题解析解

为检测导体内更深处的缺陷，提出用8字形线圈作为涡流检测线圈，得到了8字形线圈在半无限大线性导体上方时涡流问题的解析解。仿真计算表明，与平行于导体表面放置的圆环形线圈相比，8字形线圈所激励的涡流密度峰值更大，能量分布更集中。试验验证了斜置线圈的阻抗表达式。研究结果可用于指导涡流检测探头的设计。     

涡流检测磁化管道时频率对线圈阻抗的影响

管道漏磁—涡流复合内检测是一种将漏磁传感器和涡流传感器集成在同一个探头壳体内,用霍尔传感器检测并量化缺陷,再用涡流传感器判定内外壁缺陷的方法。涡流线圈阻抗变化的影响因素有缺陷本身规格形状、缺陷处材料的磁特性以及线圈的激励频率。通过有限元仿真测量了不同激励频率下,涡流线圈经过管道内外壁的缺陷时,线圈的电感、电阻、阻抗和阻抗角的变化规律。结果表明,当线圈的激励频率在200kHz左右时,对内壁和外壁缺陷,线圈的电阻和阻抗角变化较大,而电感和阻抗的变化不明显。试验结果为进一步设计涡流检测电路奠定了基础。     

涡流检测缺陷定量评估的研究

在涡流检测中实现缺陷定量评估具有重要意义。通常涡流检测是利用线圈阻抗变化来实现缺陷检测,分析受缺陷扰动的磁场量B的分布变化,比传统的涡流检测方法更有利于实现缺陷定量评估。利用有限元方法,对有裂纹的金属平板的空间磁场进行了数值仿真。仿真结果证实可通过分析磁场量B的变化来实现缺陷定量评估,并得到了缺陷的长度、深度与平板表面的磁场分量之间的量值关系。对平板裂纹的定量评估提供了理论上的依据。     

基于磁屏蔽的脉冲涡流缺陷检测仿真

针对铁磁性/非铁磁性的脉冲涡流缺陷检测,建立了磁屏蔽下的脉冲涡流检测数值仿真模型,分析了两种金属构件磁屏蔽下的涡流、磁感线分布和涡流检测信号的作用机制。磁屏蔽主要包括线圈无磁屏蔽、线圈内磁屏蔽、线圈外磁屏蔽、线圈内外磁屏蔽四种磁屏蔽方式。仿真结果表明:两种金属构件下的四种脉冲涡流缺陷检测磁屏蔽模型中,线圈内磁屏蔽措施对于提高脉冲涡流缺陷检测的灵敏度最有效。     

涡流效应对脉冲漏磁检测信号的影响

为了研究脉冲漏磁检测中涡流效应对漏磁信号的影响,应用有限元分析软件建立了脉冲漏磁检测仿真模型,对被测样本内磁场与涡流分布随时间变化的情况进行了分析,进而研究了基于不同激励电压和磁芯磁导率仿真模型的漏磁信号波形。仿真结果表明,当磁场激励较小时,漏磁信号在脉冲激励电压的上升阶段存在过冲现象,随后达到稳态。搭建了检测平台进行检测试验,检测结果与仿真结果相一致,研究表明在缺陷检测中应用检测信号峰值特征评估缺陷深度的方法具有更高的精度。     

飞机多层结构铆钉周围裂纹脉冲涡流检测传感器参数优化

飞机多层结构铆钉周围埋藏裂纹检测是无损检测领域的一个难点和热点,脉冲涡流能够对这种裂纹进行有效的检测。针对这种缺陷检测,本研究采用了一种双激励线圈且用隧道磁电阻(TMR)为接收的新型探头。双激励源反向联接,激励电流不至于过大,但磁场却能达到局部聚焦的作用。通过大量试验对该传感器参数进行优化选择,以提高传感器的检测灵敏度。试验结果表明:当激励线圈绕制180匝、两激励线圈间距为20~30 mm、单个线圈水平夹角为60°~90°、且TMR位于裂纹正上方时探头的检测灵敏度最大。该研究结果可为飞机多层结构铆钉周围裂纹脉冲涡流检测探头设计提供参考。     

油气管道裂纹涡流检测探头的研制

分析了基于涡流传感技术的油气管道裂纹检测机理,开发了一种裂纹检测系统,研制不同结构参数的检测探头,对含裂纹试件进行扫查。试验结果表明,环形激励线圈的高度和匝数对探头的检测能力影响显著,减小线圈高度、增加匝数有利于提高探头的裂纹检测性能;研制的涡流检测探头可实现宽1 mm裂纹的有效检出。     

涡流穿过式传感器实际渗透深度的数学模型

采用直接测量固态导体内部磁场分布的方法，研究影响穿过式传感器实际渗透深度的各种因素。结果表明，实际渗透深度除与导体的电导率、磁导率及测试频率有关外，还与线圈的结构及激励磁场有关。最后利用遗传算法建立了涡流实际渗透深度的数学模型，为确定涡流在导体中的实际渗透深度提供了可靠依据。     

扰动磁场检测技术中裂纹磁场信号的反演

依据试验数据和有限元仿真结果,分析了裂纹缺陷特征与扰动磁场分布的关系,总结出交流场检测技术中磁信号裂纹尺寸反演的基本规律。借助于B_x扰动磁场信号形状与裂纹缺陷特征之间的相似性,建立了二维表面缺陷形状的反演算法。     

Composite magnetic flux leakage detection method for pipelines using alternating magnetic field excitation

Pipelines are an important transportation medium for petroleum and chemical products, but defects in the pipelines can present hidden dangers and affect the safe operation of the pipeline. The traditional pipeline magnetic flux leakage (MFL) scanning technique generally adopts the axial magnetization mode, which has increased the difficulty in detection and the possibility of missed detection of axial cracks. In this paper, a new composite MFL method using alternating magnetic field excitation is proposed for the detection of cracks in pipelines. The alternating magnetic field is first superimposed on the MFL magnetization field, which will form a parallel eddy current field perpendicular to the magnetization direction in the pipeline wall. The defects in the pipeline not only cause the flux leakage of the magnetization field, but also lead to the disturbance of the circumferential eddy current field. The disturbance signals can be picked up through a secondary induced magnetic field. Because the magnetic field and the eddy current field are orthogonal, the presented method can implement synchronous detection in two orthogonal directions to avoid missed detection caused by the crack orientation. A series of physical experiments are carried out in this paper. The results show that two orthogonal detection signals can be separated by a simple low pass filter. Therefore, with only one scan, the new detector can obtain the defect characteristics in the axial and circumferential directions to overcome the blind spot problem seen in traditional MFL detectors.     

基于LabVIEW的远场涡流管道检测系统

为了提高管道无损检测的精度,实现管道内外壁缺陷的检测,采用远场涡流的检测方法,依据检测线圈接收到的信号是激励线圈产生磁场两次穿过管壁后的信号,携带了管壁内外缺陷信息的原理,设计了远场涡流传感器、检测信号处理电路。对检测线圈接收信号进行放大、滤波处理,信号采集;采用LabVIEW编程计算检测信号幅值,互相关算法计算检测信号相位,确定缺陷深度。对内径36mm的有伤管道进行了试验。结果表明,所设计的仪器能检测出管道上深度为0．5mm及以上缺陷。利用LabVIEW对相位差计算提高了检测精度,为实际应用提供参考。     

接收线圈位置对脉冲涡流检测灵敏度的影响

研究了对带包覆层管道的内部腐蚀进行脉冲涡流检测时,接收线圈的位置变化对检测灵敏度的影响,进行了探头置于激励线圈下不同位置的有限元仿真和试验研究。有限元仿真结果表明:在轴向和周向2个方向都是当检测线圈位于激励线圈边缘正下方时检测效果最好,其灵敏度分别为0.61、0.60。验证试验表明:在轴向和周向2个方向上,最佳检测位置都是位于激励线圈边缘正下方,其灵敏度分别为0.26、0.27。试验结果与仿真结果基本一致,表明接收线圈在激励线圈外边缘正下方附近时,检测灵敏度达到最大。研究结果有助于带包覆层管道腐蚀的脉冲涡流检测的传感器设计。     

A new differential eddy current testing sensor used for detecting crack extension direction

In this paper a new differential eddy current testing sensor is proposed which is composed of two planar circumferential gradient winding spiral coils. The eddy current testing sensor can detect out the existence of crack in conductive material surface and furthermore the crack extension direction because of the circumferential gradient winding spiral structure of coil. We study the detection principle of crack extension direction and carry out experimental test. The test results show that the impedance of circumferential gradient winding coil mainly varies with crack extension direction and width. Based on impedance plane analysis we extract the features which can indicate the crack characteristics and study on the inverse quantitative evaluation of crack extension direction and crack width.     

Rotating field eddy current probe with bobbin pickup coil for steam generator tubes inspection

Eddy current probes are used extensively to evaluate the integrity of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants and to detect cracks in tube walls. The probe design has evolved from simple bobbin probes to mechanically rotating multi-coil probes providing high resolution images of tube integrity. This paper presents a novel rotating field eddy current probe with bobbin pickup coil that generates a rotating magnetic field, thereby avoiding mechanical rotation of probe. Three balanced identical rectangular windings carrying excitation currents with 120° phase difference generate an electrically rotating magnetic field that is sensitive to defects of all orientations. A bobbin coil located in the center is used as a pick up sensor. The phase of induced voltage in the bobbin coil is interpreted in terms of the circumferential location of the defect. The properties of the probe are investigated using a three dimensional finite element model, and validated experimentally using measurements.     

Combined analytical-numerical approach to the voltage of a cylindrical coil with pulsed current

This paper presents a combined analytical-numerical approach to solving the pulsed eddy current problem accurately and quickly. Considering the displacement current, the analytical solution to the voltage of a cylindrical coil above a laminated conductor in the complex-frequency domain is deduced by Laplace transform. The time-domain induction voltage values of a cylindrical coil with a pulsed current are calculated by the fourth-order integro-differential FFT-based numerical inversion of Laplace transform. At the same time, the time-domain analytical solution to the induced voltage of a cylindrical coil with a pulsed current above a half-infinite non-ferromagnetic conductor is derived, and has been verified by comparison with Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation results. The calculation results prove that the adopted numerical inversion method of applying Laplace transforms to the pulsed eddy current problem has a high accuracy and fast convergence. The transient voltages produced by a square-wave current excitation when considering the displacement current in the vacuum area are higher than those when ignoring the displacement current, by as much as 27.7% at certain times. The higher the lift-off is, the smaller the voltage peak is and the faster the voltage drops. As the application of this method, the induced voltages are computed in the measurements of metal's thickness and metal coating thickness.     

矢量渐近边界条件在涡流检测微扰模型中的应用

根据低频电磁场在导体中的集肤效应及基准模型中激励线圈相对较小的特点,     

基于聚焦探头的带包覆层管道复杂结构部位脉冲涡流检测研究

脉冲涡流检测技术在带包覆层管道腐蚀缺陷检测中展现出优势而引起广泛关注。本研究设计了一种脉冲涡流聚焦探头,通过有限元仿真与试验,研究其在复杂结构部位中的检测能力。仿真结果显示,设计的脉冲涡流聚焦探头能有效聚集磁场与涡流场能量,有利于对局部缺陷与复杂结构中的缺陷进行检测。通过探究聚焦探头在提离10~50 mm下对管道焊缝及各种尺寸局部缺陷的检测灵敏度,分析其检测能力与提离检测极限,以及在检测过程中的信号特征。结果表明,聚焦探头在提离50 mm下仍能检出尺寸为40 mm×40 mm×1 mm（长×宽×深）的方形局部腐蚀缺陷,焊缝信号的凸起特征、缺陷信号的下凹特征与仿真结果相印证。