Thermoxidative stability of soybean oil by natural extracted antioxidants from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rosemary extract, grown in Iran, on thermoxidative stability of soybean oil. Rosemary extract was added to soybean oil at a concentration of 3000 mg/kg and then heated at 180°C for 20 h. The oxidative stability index, total polar compounds, tocopherol content, and fatty acid profile were measured at intervals of 0, 10, and 20 h. The results compared with synthetic antioxidant tert-butyl hydroquinone at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. Rosemary extract could lead to higher oxidative stability index, lower polar compounds, more retention of tocopherols and the greatest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil after 20 h of thermoxidation process. The tert-butyl hydroquinone showed weaker antioxidant activity than rosemary extract and there was no synergistic effect between them.     

天然抗氧化剂联合作用对花生油氧化稳定性及风味特性的影响

以花生油为研究对象,在60 ℃加速氧化条件下探讨天然复合抗氧化剂协同提高其氧化稳定性的作用机制,分析了贮藏期内风味特性的变化趋势。结果表明,花生油在24 d加速氧化实验过程中,与其他组相比,0.07%粉状迷迭香提取物+0.07%油状迷迭香提取物+0.01% V_C表现出最佳的协同效应,此组样品过氧化值由第0 d的1.38 meq/kg仅增加到第24 d的1.65 meq/kg,酸值由第0 d的0.93 mg KOH/g仅增加到第24 d 1.03 mg KOH/g;和对照组相比,其p-茴香胺值,硫代巴比妥酸值在贮藏期内显著降低(p<0.05),表明该组复合抗氧化剂的协同抗氧化效果较优。风味测定结果表明,复合抗氧化剂不能改变风味化合物中的主要物质的组成,但会部分增加或减少某些风味物质的含量。添加最优复合抗氧化剂后氧化的花生油稍有天然提取物的风味,与吡啶类化合物,呋喃类化合物的含量变化有关。     

Physical and oxidative stability of pre-emulsified oil bodies extracted from soybeans

Soybeans contain oil bodies that are coated by a layer of oleosin proteins. In nature, this protein coating protects the oil bodies from environmental stresses and might be utilised by food manufacturers for the same purpose. In this study, an aqueous extraction method was developed to increase the yield of oil bodies extracted from soybean. This method involved a two-step procedure: (i) blending, dispersion, and filtration of soybeans; (ii) homogenisation, suspension, and centrifugation of the filter cake. Using this extraction method about 65% of the oil bodies could be obtained. The mean particle diameter (d₄₃) and sedimentation of the resulting oil bodies increased during storage, suggesting they were prone to aggregation. Heat treatment (90 °C, 30 min) of the oil body suspensions immediately after extraction improved their storage stability, which was attributed to deactivation of endogenous enzymes such as lipase and lipoxygenase. Heat treatment did not adversely affect the oxidative stability of the oil body suspensions at pH 3 or 7 during storage at 37 °C. These results suggest that this aqueous extraction method can be used to prepare oil body suspensions with improved long-term stability.     

紫苏提取物对裂壶藻油氧化稳定性的影响

目的：探究紫苏提取物对裂壶藻油氧化稳定性的影响。方法：采用强制氧化法,以过氧化值、丙二醛值、茴香胺值、共轭二烯值作为评价指标,探究不同浓度紫苏提取物、0.04%茶多酚与0.02% TBHQ对裂壶藻油氧化稳定性的影响,采用气相—质谱检测裂壶藻油中脂肪酸成分的变化。结果：强制氧化15 d后,0.10%紫苏提取物组不饱和脂肪酸含量相比空白组提高了16.91%,紫苏提取物可以通过延缓不饱和脂肪酸的氧化分解,起到抗氧化效果,紫苏提取物对裂壶藻油的氧化抑制效果略低于TBHQ,不饱和脂肪酸含量仅减少了5.30%,紫苏提取物添加组相比茶多酚添加组不饱和脂肪酸含量增加了12.93%,抗氧化效果明显高于茶多酚。结论：紫苏提取物能够有效提高裂壶藻油的氧化稳定性,且随着提取物剂量的增加,其延缓氧化效果也更加显著。     

Increasing the oxidative stability of soybean oil through fortification with antioxidants

Vegetable oils high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), like soybean oil (SO), are known for lowering the risk of consumers for contracting cardiovascular disease as well as improving cognitive health. However, they are more susceptible to lipid oxidation than recently introduced high‐oleic cultivars like high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO). Thus, the objective of this study was to increase the stability of PUFA oils to maintain the aforementioned health benefits by supplementing them with industrially relevant antioxidant compounds that prevent or delay oxidation during food production and storage. Herein, a variety of synthetic and natural antioxidants tested alone or in mixtures was screened to bring the stability of SO closer to that of HOSFO. Oils were stored under accelerated conditions (35 °C) in the dark for 28 weeks, and the evolution of primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary (hexanal) lipid oxidation products was monitored. Oxidative stability index data showed that addition of 300 ppm of ascorbyl palmitate (AP) stabilised SO to the greatest magnitude. Further, a combination of AP (300 ppm) and M‐TOC (1000 ppm) was able to limit hydroperoxide and hexanal formation in SO at 35 °C for 12 weeks. It was demonstrated that assessing multiple quality parameters for lipid stability are a necessary undertaking.     

不同抗氧化剂对萝卜籽油氧化稳定性的影响

以酸价、过氧化值、折光率、共轭二烯和共轭三烯的含量作为评价萝卜籽油氧化稳定性的指标,研究TBHQ(叔丁基对苯二酚)、BHA(丁基羟基茴香醚)、BHT(二丁基羟基甲苯)、PG(没食子酸丙酯)四种抗氧化剂对萝卜籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明:在60±1℃加速氧化的条件下,添加抗氧化剂可以有效抑制萝卜籽油的氧化酸败,其中TBHQ的抗氧化作用最好,其次是BHT、BHA,PG最差。0.015%TBHQ可以很好地抑制油脂的氧化酸败,使萝卜籽油在20℃的预贮藏期由14个月延长到42个月。     

乳状液的氧化稳定性与抗氧化剂的作用机制

油脂氧化是影响乳状液氧化稳定性的主要因素,添加抗氧化剂是抑制乳状液中油脂氧化的主要措施。但是由于乳化体系中脂质氧化的机理及影响氧化的因素与均相体系有很大不同,抗氧化剂在乳状液中的作用趋势及其机制也更复杂。本文就乳状液中油脂氧化稳定性的影响因素,乳状液中单一抗氧化剂促/抗氧化机制及复合抗氧化剂协同作用机制作一综述,对于了解食品乳状液中脂质氧化的机理和科学使用抗氧化剂具有实际意义。      

复合天然抗氧化剂及新型包装对亚麻籽油 氧化稳定性的影响

为减少亚麻籽油在贮藏及使用过程中的氧化酸败,探究维生素E(V_E)和迷迭香提取物(ROS)复合的天然抗氧化剂和新型包装对贮藏和使用过程中亚麻籽油氧化稳定性的影响。以过氧化值和酸价作为评价指标,采用Schaal烘箱法、模拟法和新型包装形式研究亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性。结果表明:复合抗氧化剂能显著提高亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性;0.06%ROS和0.03%V_E复合效果最佳;新型包装亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性明显高于普通包装形式。V_E和ROS复合抗氧化剂和新型包装均可以有效延缓亚麻籽油的氧化酸败。     

四种天然抗氧化剂对鱼油抗氧化性的探究

采用诱导氧化的方法,以POV值为指标,探究了蜂胶软胶囊内含物、葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)软胶囊内含物、银杏叶提取物(GBE)以及茶多酚(TP)4种天然抗氧化剂对鱼油的抗氧化效果。结果表明,4种抗氧化剂最佳添加量分别为:0.02%、0.02%、0.02%和0.01%。将优选出的经济高效抗氧化物质进行复配,筛选出最佳抗氧化组:0.01%的茶多酚,同时进行增效剂协同作用的验证。     

几种天然抗氧化剂对牡丹籽油氧化稳定性的影响

采用Schaal烘箱耐热试验法,以人工合成抗氧化剂二叔丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚和特丁基对苯二酚等为阳性对照,研究茶多酚、苹果多酚、葡萄多酚、野葡萄多酚、牡丹籽多酚、生育酚、脂溶性迷迭香提取物和水溶性迷迭香提取物等8种天然抗氧化剂及2种增效剂(维生素C和柠檬酸)对牡丹籽油氧化稳定性的影响。研究以过氧化值为评价指标。结果表明,在国家允许添加量范围内,几种天然抗氧化剂均能提高牡丹籽油的氧化稳定性,但单独使用的效果要弱于人工合成抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚。其中脂溶性迷迭香提取物抗氧化效果较为理想,与合成抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚效果接近。维生素C与柠檬酸是抗氧化剂的良好增效剂,协同抗氧化作用显著,且维生素C的效果优于柠檬酸。复合抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果优于同等质量浓度的单一抗氧化剂,复合添加0.01%脂溶性迷迭香+0.01%茶多酚+0.02%维生素C、0.01%牡丹籽多酚+0.01%苹果多酚+0.02%维生素C和0.01%脂溶性迷迭香+0.01%茶多酚+0.02%柠檬酸均能显著减缓牡丹籽油的氧化速度,可使牡丹籽油的贮藏时间明显延长。     

Effect of natural antioxidants on oxidative stability of cooked, refrigerated beef and pork

ABSTRACT:  The effect of grape seed extract (GS; 0.01% and 0.02%), oleoresin rosemary (OR; 0.02%) and water-soluble oregano extract (WS; 0.02%) on oxidative and color stability of cooked beef and pork patties stored at 4 °C for 8 d was determined. Fresh beef or pork lean and trim were ground, mixed (30% fat), and divided into 5 portions. Antioxidants mixed with salt (2%) were added. Patties were formed, cooked to an internal temperature of 71 °C, overwrapped in PVC, and stored at 4 °C. Lipid oxidation, assessed using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory evaluation, instrumental and visual color, and pH were determined after 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 d. Based on TBARS values and off-odors associated with lipid oxidation such as rancidity, wet cardboard (for beef patties), and grassy (for beef and pork patties), grape seed extract resulted in the best antioxidant activity in both meat species. It did not change instrumental color measures of redness, yellowness, or color intensity, and appeared to reduce visual green discoloration in beef patties. The higher GS concentration (0.02%) exhibited more antioxidant activity than the lower concentration (0.01%). Therefore, grape seed extract at 0.02% has the potential to reduce oxidative rancidity and improve shelf life of refrigerated cooked beef and pork patties.     

天然抗氧化剂的联合增效作用对亚麻籽油氧化稳定性和感官特性的影响

以亚麻籽油为研究对象,在60℃加速氧化条件下探讨天然复合抗氧化剂联合作用提高亚麻籽油氧化稳定性的作用机理。通过测定过氧化值、酸值、p-茴香胺值和硫代巴比妥酸值指标研究亚麻籽油氧化稳定性的变化趋势,通过气相色谱质谱联用研究复合抗氧化剂对脂肪酸组成的影响,运用感官评价探讨最优复合抗氧化剂对亚麻籽油品质的影响。结果表明:0.07%粉状迷迭香提取物和0.07%油状迷迭香提取物联合0.01%V_E添加的亚麻籽油过氧化值由0 d的0.23 meq/kg增加到24 d的3.18 meq/kg,酸值(KOH)由0 d的0.40 mg/g增加到24 d的0.66 mg/g;和对照组相比,其p-茴香胺值和硫代巴比妥酸值在贮藏期内显著降低(P0.05);在24 d加速氧化实验中,亚麻酸含量仅下降0.82%,亚油酸、油酸含量增加;感官评价结果表明添加此组复合抗氧化剂后氧化的亚麻籽油稍有天然提取物的风味,但不影响感官评分。综上,天然复合抗氧化剂联合使用(粉状迷迭香提取物、油状迷迭香提取物、V_E)对亚麻籽油具有良好的抗氧化效果。     

天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油抗氧化作用的研究

研究天然维生素E、抗坏血酸、大豆磷脂、β-胡萝卜素、茶多酚、没食子酸、迷迭香提取物七种天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:七种天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中茶多酚、没食子酸和迷迭香提取物具有较好的抗氧化效果;对没食子酸和迷迭香提取物进行复配得出最佳质量比为4∶1;复合抗氧化剂最佳添加量为0.02%。     

几种抗氧化剂对棉籽油氧化稳定性的影响

利用Rancimat法研究3种天然抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、维生素E(VE)及合成抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对棉籽油抗氧化性能的影响。通过在棉籽油样品中添加不同质量浓度的单一和复合配比的抗氧化剂,分别测定诱导时间并考察抗氧化效果。结果表明,在棉籽油中单一抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能依次为TBHQ>迷迭香>茶多酚>VE;在复合抗氧化剂组合中,迷迭香提取物与茶多酚以3:1进行复配时具良好的协同增效作用;当3种天然抗氧化剂与TBHQ进行复配时,其抗氧化效果优于同等质量浓度的单一天然抗氧化剂。      

天然抗氧化剂对黄油氧化稳定性的影响

为给黄油中复配天然抗氧化剂的开发提供思路,通过DPPH法测定DPPH自由基清除率和Rancimat法测定氧化诱导时间,研究单一和复配添加α-生育酚、γ-谷维素和植物甾醇3种天然抗氧化剂对黄油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：3种天然抗氧化剂均能提高黄油的氧化稳定性;不同复配组合对黄油氧化稳定性的影响有差异,其中α-生育酚和γ-谷维素(125 mg/kg和1 250 mg/kg)、α-生育酚和植物甾醇(125 mg/kg和1 250 mg/kg)、γ-谷维素和植物甾醇(均为800 mg/kg)3种复配组合对黄油氧化稳定性的提升较大,特别是α-生育酚和γ-谷维素(125 mg/kg和1 250 mg/kg)组合的氧化诱导时间可提升3.70 h, DPPH自由基清除率达80.4%,氧化稳定性能优于其他复配组合。综上,将复配天然抗氧化剂添加到黄油中可提高其氧化稳定性。     

Utilization of natural antioxidants: Green tea extract and Thymbra spicata oil in Turkish dry-fermented sausage

Effect of natural (green tea extract, Thymbra spicata oil) and synthetic antioxidants (buthylatedhydroxytoluene, BHT) on the safety (biogenic amine and TBARS values) and quality (pH, colour and sensory attributes) of sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage) were investigated during the ripening periods. Addition of antioxidants decreased (P<0.05) the TBARS values. It was found that natural antioxidants decreased TBARS formation more than BHT. Antioxidants reduced (P<0.05) putrescine formation in the following order: green tea extract>green tea extract-T. spicata oil>T. spicata oil>BHT, and their mean values were 70.45, 76.05, 83.13, and 95.97mg/kg, respectively. The highest tyramine concentration was observed in control sucuk prepared without any antioxidants, while the lowest was in the recipe with green tea extract as their mean values were about 99.42 and 64.31mg/kg, respectively. The pH, L, b, and overall sensory quality were not significantly different (P>0.05) with the addition of green tea extract, T. spicata oil, green tea extract-T. spicata oil. These results indicated that the most effective antioxidant was found to be green tea extract. This study pointed out that natural antioxidants were more effective than synthetic antioxidants, so they could be easily utilized in sucuk to enhance quality and provide safer products.     

3种抗氧化剂对菜籽油氧化稳定性的影响

为探究抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、迷迭香提取物和茶多酚棕榈酸酯及其复合物对菜籽油氧化稳定性的影响,采用Schaal烘箱加速氧化实验法对菜籽油进行氧化稳定性评价,并采用响应面实验优化复配抗氧化剂的配方。结果表明：3种抗氧化剂均能显著提高菜籽油的氧化稳定性（P＜0.05）,其中茶多酚棕榈酸酯抗氧化效果最为理想,添加量为0.01%和0.05%时,菜籽油过氧化值比空白对照分别降低了61.76%和68.79%;响应面实验得到最优复配抗氧化剂配方为0.02%抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、0.03%迷迭香提取物、0.03%茶多酚棕榈酸酯,在此配方下加速氧化13 d时菜籽油过氧化值为6.017 mmol/kg。该复配抗氧化剂能有效减缓菜籽油的氧化速度,且能够保护菜籽油不易受高浓度抗氧化剂的促氧化作用。     

天然抗氧化剂对亚麻籽甘油二酯油氧化稳定性的影响

为提高亚麻籽甘油二酯油的氧化稳定性,研究了抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、迷迭香提取物和维生素E及其组合对亚麻籽甘油二酯油的抗氧化作用。以氧化诱导时间为响应值,在单因素实验基础上,通过响应面分析确定最优的抗氧化剂组合。考察了优化的抗氧化剂组合对亚麻籽甘油二酯油高温加热时反式脂肪酸含量的影响。结果表明：相较于单一的维生素E、迷迭香提取物和抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,三者组合能显著提高亚麻籽甘油二酯油的氧化稳定性;最优抗氧化剂组合为抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯添加量84 mg/kg、迷迭香提取物添加量405 mg/kg、维生素E添加量1 808 mg/kg,在此条件下亚麻籽甘油二酯油的氧化诱导时间为11.13 h,是空白对照的6.79倍;该抗氧化剂组合能抑制油中反式脂肪酸的生成。天然抗氧化剂绿色、安全,可有效提高亚麻籽甘油二酯油的氧化稳定性。     

The effect of natural antioxidants on haemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation during enzymatic hydrolysis of cod protein

Heating and changes in pH often practised during fish protein hydrolysis can cause lipid oxidation. The effect of natural antioxidants towards haemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation during enzymatic hydrolysis of cod proteins was investigated. Different variants of a washed cod model system, containing different combinations of haemoglobin and natural antioxidants (l-ascorbic acid and Fuscus vesiculosus extract), were hydrolysed using Protease P “Amano” 6 at pH 8 and 36 °C to achieve 20% degree of hydrolysis. Lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were analysed periodically during the hydrolysis process. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the final products was investigated. Results indicate that oxidation can develop rapidly during hydrolysis and antioxidant strategies are preferable to produce good quality products. Oxidation products did not have an impact on the in vitro antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates. The natural antioxidants inhibited oxidation during hydrolysis and contributed to the antioxidant activity of the final product.