弹性边界约束田字型耦合板的振动特性研究

以平面内田字型耦合薄板结构为研究对象,提出了一种计算弹性约束边界条件耦合板振动响应的解析方法。利用耦合部位的平衡条件和连续性条件,建立了耦合板结构的边界耦合方程。使用改进的傅里叶级数作为每个子板的弯曲位移函数,从而使得微分形式的边界耦合方程和各子板的运动方程离散为简单的线性方程组。ANSYS有限元软件仿真验证了建立的理论模型的正确性。利用该理论模型,分析了边界约束刚度的附带阻尼对耦合板结构振动响应的影响,结果表明:在横向约束刚度较软的情况下,横向约束刚度附带的边界阻尼可以明显削弱低阶共振响应。在求得结构位移的基础上,进一步给出了耦合板结构功率流的表达式,并对耦合板结构内的振动功率流传递特性进行了仿真研究,结果表明:增大边界约束刚度能有效阻碍功率流在边界处的流动;当外激励频率为低阶共振频率时,功率流更容易从受激板流向与受激板相同材质的接受板。     

带格栅腔体结构水下声辐射性能研究

带格栅腔体结构在流激作用下极易产生结构振动和噪声,较大噪声会影响舰船隐身性能。本文采用分离涡模拟并结合有限元耦合边界元方法,对栅条不同布放方式下腔体结构的绕流流场和水下声辐射特性进行分析。研究结果表明,在来流激励下,带格栅腔体结构的栅条振动响应较大,在共振频率处有较大的声辐射,与来流方向平行的格栅声辐射性能优于同来流方向垂直的格栅,结构振动声功率级随来流速度增加而增大。     

脉动力作用下充液直管动态特性分析

运用Fluent对充液直管进行流场仿真,分析充液直管内流在周期性初速度条件下的压力变化特性。运用ANSYSWorkbench单向流固耦合模块,分析充液直管在脉动压力作用下流固耦合振动模态特性,以及管道支撑间距对充液管道振动模态的影响,为工程设计提供参考。     

深海顶张力立管参激-涡激耦合振动响应分析

该文研究顶张力立管参激-涡激耦合振动计算方法和动力特性。考虑立管顶端动边界条件,建立顶张力立管模型,研究其在剪切流中的涡激振动响应和参激-涡激耦合振动响应。提出立管的动力响应分析方法,分析参数激励对立管横向涡激振动的影响。结果表明,立管的横向振动响应频率存在0.5倍参激亚谐成分,参数激励对于立管横向振动具有重要影响。     

水电站拦污栅结构流固耦合振动分析

本文从理论上分析了拦污栅结构的流固耦合振动，提出了考虑流固耦合振动设计的栅振频率与过栅流速之间的简单关系，并通过实例对流固耦合和不考虑流固耦合的计算方法的差异进行了比较，结果说明在一定范围内，考虑流固耦合可大量削减结构振动幅值     

高速旋转薄壁圆柱壳的行波共振特性研究

基于传递矩阵法研究了不同边界条件下高速旋转薄壁圆柱壳的行波共振特性。首先,基于Love 壳体理论,考虑离心力、科氏力和惯性力的影响,建立了旋转态薄壁圆柱壳的振动微分方程;然后,引入传递矩阵方法,根据壳体子段间的状态向量表达式,推导了结构的整体传递矩阵;最后,通过高精度的精细积分法进行求解,得到了两端简支、两端固支和固支-自由边界条件下的共振特性。算例结果表明,传递矩阵方法适合于求解高速旋转薄壁圆柱壳的行波共振特性,在三种边界条件下以周向模态的振动为主;在工作转速和1倍频激振力作用下,共振裕度小于10%的共振转速点仅有一个,而在其它倍频激振下的共振转速点不在安全裕值范围内。     

抽水蓄能电站水泵水轮机的动静干涉与振动分析

针对抽水蓄能电站水泵水轮机运行过程中出现的振动问题,从产生共振的条件出发,分析了转轮叶片和活动导叶形成的叶栅组合的动静干涉机理。根据转轮对水力激振模式的动态响应,研究了不同叶栅组合方式对水力激振力的影响。建立流固耦合数学模型,对转轮、活动导叶、顶盖及底环等过流部件的动态特性进行了有限元分析,以7/20的叶栅组合为例,阐述了流体激发结构共振的可能性。为了避免过流部件发生共振以及由此产生的疲劳裂纹或断裂等事故,提出了最佳叶栅组合的选择原则、降低无叶区压力脉动的方法以及提高结构固有频率和降低局部应力集中系数的具体措施。     

考虑流体附加质量的输流管道振动特性分析

针对管内流体激励(flow-induced vibrations,FIV)引起的结构振动问题,考虑单向流固耦合作用,通过引入附加质量分析内流流速对结构振动特性的影响。以两端固定支撑输流直管作为研究对象,利用数值方法模拟不同流速下管内的流动状态,获取流体压力系数、湍动能及管道结构位移响应。基于单向耦合振动机理,建立管道流固耦合附加质量模型,采用FEM方法展开结构模态分析,计算流体作用于结构的附加质量和固有频率。数值仿真结果表明:内部流体流速对管道结构振动有较强的耦合作用,流速增加使得耦合附加质量增大,且存在临界流速使管道发生静态屈曲失稳现象。与经验公式对比,该计算结果在10%的误差范围内能更准确地反映流体对结构振动的单向耦合作用。因此,提出的方法能够应用于单向耦合振动问题分析,并为研究流固耦合对结构动力特征影响等管内流动的FIV问题提供思路。     

轴系运行工况对轴系-基座-壳体耦合振动影响研究

螺旋桨推进轴系与船体艉部耦合振动是制约船体减振降噪的重要因素,研究其成因机制和影响因素对于识别和有效控制船体艉部振动和噪声具有重要意义。故从轴系运行状态着手,基于有限元转子动力学理论,对轴系-基座-壳体耦合振动影响因素如轴系运行工况、校中状态及激振力等进行分析。在直线校中状态下,选定轴系四种运行工况,运用雷诺方程计算各工况下支撑轴承压力分布及八动力特性参数,引入轴承润滑油膜和水膜刚度和阻尼矩阵,将各支撑轴承离散成多点支撑,在此基础上建立轴系-基座-壳体系统有限元模型,计算多激励下系统动力响应,采用有限元功率流分析各工况下支撑轴承传递特性对系统耦合振动的影响。结果表明,不同工况下轴承支撑特性会导致系统耦合振动特性不同,经轴系传递到壳体上的功率流也会产生相应变化,最终将会引起不同的辐射噪声。     

不同边界条件下高速旋转带篦齿薄壁短圆柱壳的行波共振特性研究

基于传递矩阵法研究了不同边界条件下高速旋转带周向篦齿薄壁短圆柱壳构件的行波共振特性。基于Love壳体理论,考虑离心力、科氏力和惯性力的影响,建立了旋转态薄壁圆柱壳的振动微分方程;引入传递矩阵法,通过壳体子段间的状态向量推导得到了整体结构的传递矩阵关系式;在简支-简支、固支-固支、固支-简支、固支-自由和简支-自由五种边界条件下,通过高精度的精细积分法进行求解,得到了构件的行波共振特性。算例结果表明,在固支-自由边界条件下第1阶模态振动发生在(1,3)阶,而在其它边界条件下第1阶模态振动发生在(1,4)阶,而且边界条件不同时前六阶模态分布规律也不同,但均以周向模态的振动为主;在3×104 r/min转速范围内,随着转速的逐渐增加,由于科氏力作用引起后行波频率大于前行波频率;同时,不同的边界条件对共振特性的影响不同,在工作转速附近行波频率线与激振频率线K=1或K=2相交,出现了共振裕度小于10%的共振转速点,共振裕度数值越小越容易引起对应阶次的共振,应采取措施避免共振现象的发生。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...