输流管道含有内共振的横向受迫振动研究

利用多元L-P法研究外部周期激励下两端铰支输流管道含有内共振的非线性受迫振动问题。对于外激励作用下的流固耦合系统,当第二阶固有频率约为第一阶值的3倍,并且激励频率接近系统固有频率时,系统会发生含有强烈内部共振的主共振。利用多元L-P法求解这种振动响应,并详细分析振动中前两个模态的运动及外激励幅值对内共振的影响。数值算例揭示了系统由于内共振而发生的更加丰富而复杂的动力学行为,并且表明,随着激励幅值的增大,部分内共振的发生趋势将降低并最终消失。研究结果同时证明了多元L-P法在研究非线性动力学方面是便捷而高效的。     

主共振与内共振下纵横耦合轴系动力学分析

考虑Von Karman非线性位移-应变关系,利用Hamilton原理建立了轴系纵横耦合下的动力学模型。利用Galerkin法对偏微分方程进行离散,采用多尺度法求解了离散方程。研究了纵向主共振并伴随内共振(由纵向第一阶固有频率近似等于横向第一阶正进动与反进动频率之和而产生)联合激励时轴系的动力学响应。研究表明随着系统参数以及激励载荷的不同,轴系出现不同的动力学特性。当激励载荷小于一临界值时,纵向激励力只能激起纵向振动,系统响应与线性系统一样;当载荷超过临界值时,纵向激励力同时激起了轴系的横向正进动与反进动频率,此时纵向振动出现能量饱和现象,能量从纵向渗透到横向。能量在正反进动模态间的分配与其正反进动频率成反比,从而使反进动幅值大于正进动幅值。同时响应中也出现跳跃现象。数值分析结果与摄动分析结果一致。     

模态截断对悬索非线性耦合共振响应影响EI北大核心CSCD

对于各类动力系统共振响应,可以采用直接法和离散法得到其微分方程的近似解,而解的误差取决于两方面:模态离散和摄动分析。其中离散法采用有限模态来描述连续系统的动力学行为,如果忽略高阶模态振型和频率,定会带来一定误差,甚至无法反映真实的非线性动力学现象。因此无论是工程实践还是理论分析,离散法中模态截断带来的误差和收敛性备受关注。以水平悬索两正对称模态之间发生耦合共振为例,探究两种模态截断对该系统共振响应影响。首先利用Galerkin法得到离散后的面内运动微分方程,然后采用多尺度法求得系统发生耦合共振时的调制方程。通过对比激励响应幅值曲线、幅频响应曲线、时程曲线、相位图、频率谱、庞加莱截面和李雅普诺夫指数等,定量和定性地展示两阶和九阶模态截断导致的系统动力学行为差异。研究结果表明:非直接激励模态和非内共振模态对系统内共振响应存在影响,根源在于平方非线性的共振项;对于外激励直接作用于低阶和高阶模态的情况,由于模态截断导致的振动特性差异程度,前者要明显高于后者;在大幅共振区域,模态截断对系统响应幅值影响较为明显;分岔现象与模态截断阶数关系密切,倘若仅考虑两阶模态,结果可能会遗漏鞍结点分岔或出现额外的霍普夫分岔,从而导致跳跃现象和动态周期解发生明显改变;不同阶模态截断可能导致动力系统吸引子类型截然不同。     

桩基非线性轴向受迫振动稳态幅频响应分析

用多时间尺度法得到了一端固定、另一端自由的桩基非线性轴向受迫振动系统主共振时的稳态幅频响应曲线。研究表明:桩基非线性轴向受迫振动的幅频响应曲线不仅与派生线性振动系统的固有频率、土刚度和阻尼系数有关,而且也与振幅、相位和非线性特征量有关。幅频响应曲线中会出现一种典型的振幅跳跃的非线性现象,当激励频率接近线性系统固有频率时,系统产生共振从而响应幅值增大,而且同一激励频率可能会对应于振幅的多个不同值,运动状态具有不稳定性。随着非线性系数的增大,响应曲线峰值侧向弯曲;粘性阻尼会抑制响应振幅的增大;激励振幅增大会导致响应振幅增大。     

平行导线间轴向运动导电梁主-内联合共振EI北大核心CSCD

研究轴向运动导电梁在平行导线产生的磁场环境中的主-内联合共振问题。基于电磁场基本理论和哈密顿原理,导出轴向运动梁在外激励和磁场共同作用下的非线性振动方程。针对一端夹支一端铰支的导电梁,采用多尺度法求解方程,得到非线性方程的近似解析解和幅频响应方程,并对稳态解的稳定性进行了分析。通过算例,得到系统前两阶幅值随频率调谐参数、外激励力、轴向速度、电流强度等参数的变化规律。结果表明:系统发生主-内联合共振时一阶和二阶响应都被激发,且存在不同的多解区域;一阶和二阶幅值的稳态解个数在几个多解区域同步变化,其个数取决于外激励力、运动速度和电流强度值。     

定轴转动与基础激励下梁的非线性动力学

采用Kane方程，建立了含耦合的几何及惯性非线性项的定轴转动与轴向基础激励联合作用下柔性梁的非线性动力学控制方程组，该方程组不仅包含二次及三次非线性项，而且体现了参数激励与外激励的联合作用。运用多尺度法，研究了匀转速，顺臂安装下悬臂梁的一阶模态主参激共振与外激励1/2次亚谐共振同时作用时梁的一阶近似稳态响应。结果表明，梁的一阶模态幅频特性将受到转速，旋转半径和激励幅值等参数变化的显著影响。     

温度变化对悬索非线性内共振响应特性影响

悬索是一类典型的同时包含平方和立方非线性的柔性结构,其模态间极易发生各种形式的内共振。以悬索同时发生主共振和2∶1内共振为例,探究温度变化对悬索非线性内共振响应特性的影响。通过引入张力改变系数,建立了均匀温度场中悬索面内非线性运动微分方程;利用Galerkin法和多尺度法分别得到激励作用在高阶和低阶模态时,系统极坐标和直角坐标形式的平均方程;通过绘制共振响应时的激励响应幅值曲线、幅频响应曲线、动态解、时程曲线、相位图、频率谱以及庞加莱截面,定性和定量地描述了温度变化影响下的内共振响应特性。数值算例表明:频率会明显改变悬索模态频率,影响系统内共振响应,温度上升时,内共振更容易发生在Irvine参数较小的悬索;无论激励直接作用在高阶还是低阶模态,共振响应幅值随温度上升而增加,反之则减小;直接激发的模态响应幅值与因内共振激发的响应幅值受温度变化影响的敏感程度存在明显区别;温度变化对动态分岔(霍普和倍周期分岔)影响要比对静态分岔(鞍结点和叉形分岔)明显得多;动态分岔随着温度上升,向更小激励幅值和频率方向移动;系统的动态解和周期运动与温度变化密切相关,受温度影响,系统可能呈现出截然不同的周期运动。此外对比理论分析解和直接数值积分解,结果表明两者吻合较好。     

横向补给系统高架索在一重和双重内共振下的面内振动

考虑集中质量在高架索上的位置的影响,建立了横向补给高架索系统的面内振动的非线性动力学方程。利用Galerkin方法对高架索偏微分模型进行离散,得到了系统面内振动的直至3阶的标准动力学控制方程。分析了补给过程中,集中质量位置的变化对高架索系统的面内振动的前3阶模态频率的影响,系统的模态频率呈现类似滞回非线性的特征。同时还利用数值方法对1：1：2双重内共振及1：2内共振情况下系统的参数激励振动的非线性动力学行为进行了分析,得到了系统的前3阶模态振动的时间历程曲线和运动相图。研究结果表明,在高架索系统发生内共振时,系统面内振动以前2阶模态振动为主,且存在复杂的倍周期运动现象;而对于1：2内共振情况,只有第1阶模态振动的幅值较大。     

含双时滞振动主动控制系统超谐共振及亚谐共振分析

该文采用增量谐波平衡法求解含双时滞振动主动控制系统的超谐共振和亚谐共振响应。讨论了使系统发生亚谐共振的激励频率取值范围,分析了时滞、反馈控制增益、激励幅值、非线性项系数等系统参数对系统超谐共振和亚谐共振响应的影响规律。结果表明:各参数对系统的超谐共振和亚谐共振响应有显著影响,发生亚谐共振的外激励频率的实际取值范围,受到各系统参数的影响。     

基于多元L-P法的复合材料圆柱壳内共振分析

以不同材料构成的复合材料圆柱壳作为研究模型,考虑几何非线性,动态弹性模量等因素,根据Donnell’s简化壳理论及经典层合壳理论建立其非线性振动方程。采用Galerkin 方法对振动方程进行离散化,应用多元L-P法求解了系统包含两个相邻轴向模态的非线性振动响应,得到了反映复杂内共振的幅频特性曲线,表明能量在两个模态之间相互传递,彼此影响牵制,系统存在1:1 内共振现象。最后利用多尺度法与多元L-P 法所得结果进行比较,得到了相同的结论。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.