Spar平台垂荡-纵摇与月池内流体垂向振动的耦合运动研究

考虑半开口月池,研究桁架式Spar平台垂荡、纵摇、月池内流体垂向振动的耦合运动。建立了平台垂荡-纵摇-月池内流体垂向振动的耦合运动方程,推导了月池内流体对平台垂荡和纵摇运动产生的力和力矩。针对三种工况,即不考虑月池开口、月池开孔率为30%和70%,数值计算了耦合系统的运动响应,分析了月池内流体对平台垂荡和纵摇运动的影响,结果表明,月池内流体对平台主体垂荡有抑制作用,且抑制程度与月池开孔面积有关;对于70%的开孔率,平台垂荡响应RAO曲线在月池流体垂向振动固有周期附近出现高频峰值;70%开孔率时,月池内流体的运动远大于30%开孔率的情况;考虑月池开口后,平台的纵摇响应变化较小。最后,分析了耦合参数对平台及月池内流体运动的影响。     

Spar平台主体垂荡-月池流体耦合动力学建模及耦合效应分析

考虑月池流体的耦合效应研究Spar平台主体垂荡运动特性。根据可变形控制体质量守恒定律及动量守恒定律建立月池内流体垂向运动方程;考虑顶张紧立管(TTRs)及张紧器刚度,建立平台主体垂荡与月池流体耦合运动模型。采用势流理论求解平台主体受到的波浪激励力,数值计算主体垂荡响应,分析月池底部挡板面积及耦合系数对主体垂荡的影响。结果表明,月池流体对主体垂荡有抑制作用,合理设计挡板面积可减小平台主体的垂荡运动。随着挡板开口面积的增加,主体垂荡RAO逐渐呈现两个峰,波浪周期接近月池流体垂向振动固有周期时也会激起主体较大的垂荡运动;平台主体与月池流体之间的耦合系数对主体垂荡运动影响显著。     

固定谐振荷载作用下曲线轨道动力响应特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

将曲线轨道视为周期性离散支撑结构,根据周期性结构的振动特性,通过引入移动荷载作用下曲线轨道梁的数学模态以及广义波数,得出曲线轨道梁频域响应的级数表达,进而求解固定谐振荷载作用下曲线轨道梁平面外弯扭耦合振动的响应特性。通过计算不同频率固定谐振荷载作用下曲线轨梁的动力响应,可以求得曲线轨梁垂向位移频响特性。对单层离散点支撑轨道模型进行计算分析可知:曲线轨道梁一阶自振频率受扣件支点垂向支撑刚度、垂向支撑阻尼系数、扣件支点间距变化影响较大,扣件支点垂向支撑刚度增加时轨梁一阶自振频率提高,垂向支撑阻尼系数增加时轨梁一阶自振频率略有减少,扣件支点间距减小时轨梁一阶自振频率提高;扣件支点间距对曲线轨梁频响特性具有显著的影响,跨中处一阶pinned-pinned共振峰幅值及支点处反共振峰幅值随支点间距的增加而变大;曲线半径对地铁轨道轨梁垂向位移频响特性几乎没有影响。     

改进的湿模态法在流固耦合中的应用

针对流固耦合运动方程,指出了流体刚度矩阵的奇异性将导致现有的湿模态法无法直接使用,并指出了在湿模态法中使用分离零频项的方法存在的矛盾。湿模态法的问题根源在于为了简化计算而提出的不合理的前提假设,即同时忽略流体的可压缩性及自由液面波动的影响;据此,提出了直接求解法和不动点法两种解决方法;前者适合流体规模较小的计算,而后者更适合大规模流体的耦合计算;应用不动点法,编制了Matlab程序,对某油底壳在不同盛油状态时的结构特性进行了仿真计算,对比表明随着盛油量从0逐步增加,结构模态频率呈先减小后增大的趋势并趋于平缓;加入流体后,结构模态的振幅大幅下降。除了第1阶模态,流体较少时的湿模态振型与干模态振型区别较大,但随着流体的增加,振型逐渐趋于稳定,与干模态振型接近。     

车削过程中工件模态时变特性的数值模拟

建立车削工件的力学模型及其弯曲振动的时变微分方程,指出车削过程中工件的自振频率及振型具有时变特性。利用ABAQUS软件对车削工件进行了有预应力的模态分析,得到了工件在不同车削长度时各阶模态的自振频率及振型。计算表明随着车削长度的增加,工件的一阶自振频率先增大后减少,一阶自振频率-车削长度曲线呈近似的抛物线分布。     

固定谐振荷载作用下曲线轨道动力响应特性研究

将曲线轨道视为周期性离散支撑结构,根据周期性结构的振动特性,通过引入移动荷载作用下曲线轨道梁的数学模态以及广义波数,得出曲线轨道梁频域响应的级数表达,进而求解固定谐振荷载作用下曲线轨道梁平面外弯扭耦合振动的响应特性。通过计算不同频率固定谐振荷载作用下曲线轨梁的动力响应,可以求得曲线轨梁垂向位移频响特性。对单层离散点支撑轨道模型进行计算分析可知:曲线轨道梁一阶自振频率受扣件支点垂向支撑刚度、垂向支撑阻尼系数、扣件支点间距变化影响较大,扣件支点垂向支撑刚度增加时轨梁一阶自振频率提高,垂向支撑阻尼系数增加时轨梁一阶自振频率略有减少,扣件支点间距减小时轨梁一阶自振频率提高;扣件支点间距对曲线轨梁频响特性具有显著的影响,跨中处一阶pinned-pinned共振峰幅值及支点处反共振峰幅值随支点间距的增加而变大;曲线半径对地铁轨道轨梁垂向位移频响特性几乎没有影响。     

双金属复合翅片管振动特性的研究

双金属复合翅片管是一种高效传热元件,容易发生流体诱导振动破坏,对其进行振动模态理论分析具有重要的工程指导意义。针对双金属复合翅片管的结构特征,将其简化为串、并联刚度系统,采用组合截面等效弯曲刚度、等效扭转刚度和等效抗拉压刚度,并结合等效质量和等效转动惯量的方法,对其弯曲、扭转和轴向振动模态进行理论解析。为了验证理论分析方法的准确性,对双金属复合翅片管的振动模态进行了实验测试和有限元分析。研究了翅片几何参数对双金属复合翅片管振动频率的影响规律。结果表明,对于矩形翅片形式的钢铝双金属翅片管,其弯曲、扭转和轴向振动频率均随翅片高度和翅片厚度的增大而减小,随翅片间距的增大而增大。     

探讨激振频率和容器宽度对颗粒层中对流的影响

竖直振动激励下准二维颗粒层中对流运动受激振频率f和容器宽度L的影响,实验结果表明,对流卷的个数和对流运动的方向强烈地依赖于激振频率而对容器宽度不太敏感。对流运动的强度受激振频率f和容器宽度L的影响都较大,当容器宽度一定时,对流运动的强度随激振频率振荡变化。当频率一定时,容器宽度L存在一个临界值Lc,当LLc时,随着L的增加,对流运动的强度增加;当LLc时,随着L的增加,对流运动的强度反而减小。     

电机定子振动模态频率分裂特性分析

有效抑制由电机径向电磁力激发的电机定子振动是实现电机减振降噪的一个重要途径,而对电机定子模态频率及模态振型的准确分析是抑制电机定子径向振动的基础。采用圆环的弹性力学解析模型作为电机定子振动的分析模型,对无约束状态下电机定子的模态进行分析,得到了电机定子径向振动模态频率和模态振型的解析解。以齿槽和底脚为典型附加结构,采用摄动法对电机定子模态频率的分裂现象进行分析,总结了频率分裂与否以及分裂阶次的判定准则。通过ANSYS有限元软件验证了理论方法和计算的有效性。结果表明,所建立的二维圆环模型可以准确、高效地应用于电机定子模态特性的分析;附加结构的分布形式对定子频率分裂特性具有重要的影响。     

薄膜振动附加质量试验研究

附加质量对于膜结构振动特性有明显影响,在其振动分析中不能忽略.利用真空箱测试薄膜在不同密度空气中的振动特性,研究了薄膜振动的附加质量影响因素和规律.真空箱采用钢板和钢化玻璃制作,利用真空泵调节真空箱内的气压可以改变箱内的空气密度.对比薄膜在不同密度空气中的振动频率,可以计算其附加质量.试验结果表明,薄膜自振频率随气体密度减小而增大,附加质量效应十分明显,且与模态振型相关.基于试验分析提出了附加质量分布的简化模型,即对于每阶模态,薄膜振动的附加质量分布相当于振型各区域上均匀分布有0.65倍该振型区域特征长度的空气,而振型区域特征长度,取该区域内切圆直径.利用该简化模型分析薄膜得到的振动频率与本文及已有试验结果符合良好,证明了该简化模型的有效性.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...