镁铝复合氧化物催化合成醇醚醋酸酯的研究

介绍了以环氧乙烷、乙酸乙酯为原料,水滑石所衍生的镁铝复合氧化物作催化剂,一步合成乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯的方法。对其反应条件进行优化,得到适宜的工艺条件:n(乙酸乙酯):n(环氧乙烷)=4:1,反应温度135℃,催化剂用量为环氧乙烷质量的4％,反应时间60min,体系初压0.9MPa,在此条件下乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯收率为39.21％。     

乙二醇醋酸酯的快速合成及其在铸造工艺中的应用

讨论了以乙二醇与冰醋酸为原料,采用固体催化剂,快速合成乙二醇的一醋酸酯和二醋酸酯混合物（以代号EGS表示）的方法,并通过在铸造工艺上的应用,证实了用本法合成的EGS是水玻璃砂的良好固化剂。     

乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯国内外市场及生产技术

介绍了乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯国内外市场情况和３种主要生产方法：直接酯化法、酯交换法、一步合成法。     

复合催化剂一步法合成烷基糖苷及性能研究

采用自制复合催化剂一步法合成了十二烷基葡萄糖苷。探讨了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应温度和压力对产品得率、质量及反应时间的影响及优化组合,得出最佳工艺条件为:m(催化剂)∶m(葡萄糖)=(0 008～0 009)∶1,n(月桂醇)∶n(葡萄糖)=4 5∶1,反应温度120℃,反应压力4 5～5 5kPa,并对产品进行了结构表征和性能测定。     

Sol-Gel负载磷钨酸催化合成乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯

以醋酸和乙二醇单乙醚为原料,硅酸乙酯为硅源,通过溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)负载磷 钨酸为催化剂,合成了乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯。实验结果表明:当正硅酸乙酯:水(mol／mol)=1∶4, 正硅酸乙酯:磷钨酸(W/W)=10∶1,醋酸:醇醚(mol／mol)=1．4∶1,催化剂用量为醇醚质量的 10％,带水剂甲苯用量为反应物质量的15％,反应时间为60 min时,收率可达96％以上。比较了 以硅胶直接负载磷钨酸作为催化剂的使用情况。     

乙二醇醋酸酯的快速合成及其在铸造工艺中的应用

本文就以冰醋酸和乙二醇作为原料,通过固体催化剂,将其快速合成为一种由乙二醇二醋酸酯（EGS-Ⅱ）和一醋酸酯（EGS—I）组成的混合物,并将其在铸造工艺中的应用进行详细地阐述,通过对其的应用证明这法所合成的这种EGS,是一种良好的水玻璃砂固化剂。     

氧化物、复合氧化物的制备

氧化物、复合氧化物作为无机功能陶瓷材料已引起世人注目。系统地介绍了固相法、气相法、共沉淀法、冷冻干燥法、溶胶－凝胶法、水溶液电解法、高压法、水热法等合成氧化物、复合氧化物的方法及其优缺点。     

固体酸在乙二醇单异丙醚合成中的应用

本文比较了固体酸 H_2WO_4、SnCl_4、FeCl_3、AlCl_3对合成乙二醇单异丙醚的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,反应收率为81.2％。     

乙二醇单叔丁基醚的合成及应用

采用连续法在固定床反应器中合成出了乙二醇单叔丁基醚(GBE)。筛选出的适宜工艺条件为:反应温度 70℃,混合液体空速 1.0 h~(-1),烯酸比1.0:1.0(mol比)。反应结果为:GBE 的收率约60％,GBE的选择性73％,混合醚的收率77％,异丁烯的转化率约80％。应用研究表明,GBE是一种多功能助剂,可广泛用于油漆、油墨、电器元件和自行车等行业中。     

镁铝锆复合金属氧化物的制备及对硼吸附性能的研究

实验成功制备了镁铝锆复合金属氧化物。考察了硼初始浓度、溶液pH、接触时间、温度、Cl-浓度对镁铝锆复合金属氧化物对溶液中硼吸附效果的影响。结果表明,Cl-浓度对硼的吸附影响很小,在温度为25℃,镁铝锆复合金属氧化物投加量为2.5 g/L,溶液pH为6,吸附时间为300 min,硼质量浓度为200 mg/L时,对硼的吸附效果最好,吸附量可以达到34.07 mg/g。镁铝锆复合金属氧化物对硼的吸附平衡符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型。     

Miscibility of polystyrene with poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene glycol)

The intrinsic viscosity of polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide) (PS–PEO) and PS–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blends have been measured in benzene as a function of blend composition for various molecular weights of PEO and PEG at 303.15 K. The compatibility of polymer pairs in solution were determined on the basis of the interaction parameter term, Δb, and the difference between the experimental and theoretical weight-average intrinsic viscosities of the two polymers, Δ[η]. The theoretical weight-average intrinsic viscosities were calculated by interpolation of the individual intrinsic viscosities of the blend components. The compatibility data based on [η] determined by a single specific viscosity measurement, as a quick method for the determination of the intrinsic viscosity, were compared with that obtained from [η] determined via the Huggins equation. The effect of molecular weights of the blend components and the polymer structure on the extent of compatibility was studied. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1471–1482, 1998     

环氧乙烷法合成乙二醇的技术创新

乙二醇（EG）是一种重要的基础化工原料,乙二醇工业涉及国民经济的多个领域,对支撑国民经济基础产业和战略新兴产业具有重大战略意义。本文简要阐述了环氧乙烷法生产乙二醇的技术进展,着重介绍了离子液体催化环氧乙烷生产乙二醇的创新工艺（ILC工艺）。该工艺是我国具有自主创新知识产权和自主运作权的乙二醇新技术,具有工艺简单、水比低、节能效果显著、原料适应性强、产品结构可调等优点,与现有乙二醇工业装置有良好相嵌性,推广应用前景广阔。甲醇制烯烃技术（MTO）的推广应用和多套EO/EG装置的投产使环氧乙烷的原料价格更加低廉,而且石化企业具有几十年大型装置的生产经验,因此,采用创新性技术以环氧乙烷为原料生产乙二醇的路线将在为今后较长的时期占主导地位。     

环氧乙烷/乙二醇生产技术现状及发展建议

简要介绍了环氧乙烷/乙二醇(简称EO/EG)的生产及技术现状,在对现有Shell、SD和UCC工艺进行比较的同时,探讨了EO/EG生产中银催化剂、乙烯回收技术及EG合成技术的进展和新工艺的工业化前景,认为催化水合法和碳酸乙烯酯法是目前最有前途的工业化方法。分析了我国EO/EG工业面临的主要问题,并提出了我国发展EO/EG工业的对策和建议。     

异端基遥爪聚乙二醇的合成

采用3种新式引发剂,即2-(苄氧基）乙醇钾、2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-氧基)乙醇钾、单丙烯基乙二醇钾引发环氧乙烷阴离子开环聚合,反应条件为25 ℃、48 h、醇与萘钾摩尔比例1∶1,得到3种异端基遥爪聚乙二醇。以2-(苄氧基）乙醇钾引发聚合所得产物为起始物,经一系列反应,得到两种两端均为活性基团的异端基遥爪聚乙二醇,这种方法具有普适性。通过1HNMR及GPC手段,表征了产物的结构、分子量及分子量分布。结果表明可以得到高产率、分子量可控且分布窄的异端基遥爪聚乙二醇。     

Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene oxide)/polyaniline Conductive Films: The Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether

The effect of polyaniline and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether on tensile properties, morphology, thermal degradation, and electrical conductivity of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene oxide)/polyaniline conductive films was studied. The poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene oxide)/polyaniline conductive films were prepared using a solution casting technique at room temperature until a homogeneous solution was produced. Poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene oxide)/polyaniline/poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether conductive films exhibit higher electrical properties, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity but lower final decomposition temperature than poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene oxide)/polyaniline conductive films. Scanning electron microscopy morphology showed that the polyaniline more widely dispersed in the poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene oxide) blends with the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether as surface modifier.     

Structure and conductive properties of poly(ethylene oxide)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposite polymer electrolytes

The oligo(ethylene oxide) modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) prepared by template method was added as a nanoscale nucleating agent into poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to form PEO/OLDH nanocomposite electrolytes. The effects of OLDH addition on morphology and conductivities of nanocomposite electrolytes were studied using wide-angle X-ray diffractometer, polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and ionic conductivity measurement. The results show that the exfoliated morphology of nanocomposites is formed due to the surface modification of LDH layers with PEO matrix compatible oligo(ethylene oxide)s. The nanoscale dispersed OLDH layers inhibit the crystal growth of PEO crystallites and result in a plenty amount of intercrystalline grain boundary within PEO/OLDH nanocomposites. The ionic conductivities of nanocomposite electrolytes are enhanced by three orders of magnitude compared to the pure PEO polymer electrolytes at ambient temperature. It can be attributed to the ease transport of Li⁺ along intercrystalline amorphous phase. This novel nanocomposite electrolytes system with high conductivities will be benefited to fabricate the thin-film type of Li-polymer secondary battery.     

Biodegradability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol)s and poly(tetramethylene glycol)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymers were prepared by melt polycondensation of dimethyl terephthalate and excess ethylene glycol with 10–40mol% (in feed) of poly(ethylene glycol) (E) and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (B), with molecular weight (MW) of E and B 200–7500 and 1000, respectively. The reduced specific viscosity of copolymers increased with increasing MW and content of polyglycol comonomer. The temperature of melting (T_m), cold crystallization and glass transition (T_g) decreased with the copolymerization. T_m depression of copolymers suggested that the E series copolymers are the block type at higher content of the comonomer. T_g was decreased below room temperature by the copolymerization, which affected the crystallinity and the density of copolymer films. Water absorption increased with increasing content of comonomer, and the increase was much higher for E1000 series films than B1000 series films. The biodegradability was estimated by weight loss of copolymer films in buffer solution with and without a lipase at 37°C. The weight loss was enhanced a little by the presence of a lipase, and increased abruptly at higher comonomer content, which was correlated to the water absorption and the concentration of ester linkages between PET and PEG segments. The weight loss of B series films was much lower than that of E series films. The abrupt increase of the weight loss by alkaline hydrolysis is almost consistent with that by biodegradation.     

聚乙二醇/聚己内酯三嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以甲苯二异氰酸酯 (TDI)为偶联剂 ,合成了聚乙二醇 (PEG) /聚己内酯 (PCL)两亲性三嵌段共聚物 (PEG-b-PCL -b -PEG ,PECL) ,采用IR、1 H-NMR、DSC和WAXD分析和研究了PECL的结构与性能。实验结果表明 ,PECL的结构和组成与设计相一致 ,结晶度和熔点均低于均聚物 ,且随着PECL中PCL嵌段含量的增加 ,PCL嵌段熔点升高。透射电镜照片显示PECL纳米粒呈核 /壳结构的球形。     

Synthesis of ethylene carbonate from urea and ethylene glycol over zinc/iron oxide catalyst

BACKGROUND: Ethylene carbonate (EC) was synthesised via urea and ethylene glycol (EG) over zinc/iron oxide catalyst. By so doing, the by‐product, EG, generated in the process of producing dimethyl carbonate by the transesterification route was converted back to the raw material, EC. The reaction mechanism of EC synthesis was also investigated by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and in situ Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. RESULTS: Suitable conditions for the preparation of zinc/iron oxide catalyst were as follows: zinc acetate and iron nitrate as precursors, Zn/Fe molar ratio 8:1, calcination temperature 350 °C and calcination time 4 h. Characterisation by X‐ray diffraction revealed two different crystal phases: ZnO and ZnFe₂O₄. The highest yield of EC (66.1%) was obtained under the following conditions: reaction temperature 150 °C, reaction time 2.5 h, catalyst weight percentage 1.5% and urea/EG molar ratio 1:8. The study of the reaction mechanism revealed that the reaction for the synthesis of EC proceeded in two steps. CONCLUSION: The synergistic effect of ZnO and ZnFe₂O₄ promoted the catalytic performance of zinc/iron oxide. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry