An ejection system for firing a small high-temperature tunnel kiln

Conclusions An ejection system for firing a tunnel kiln differs from an ejection system for firing metallurgical and machine building industry furnaces.Investigations were conducted on a model of the ejection equipment of small high temperature kilns.Results were obtained on the change in the coefficient of ejection in relation to the geometric parameters of the ejectors and the burners, the distance between them, the pressure in the ejection channel and the working space of the kiln, and the temperature of the air ejected.A method of calculation of ejectors used in tunnel kilns is proposed.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 40–43, February, 1984.     

陶瓷隧道窑热耗的定量分析

利用陶瓷燃料隧道窑热耗数学模型及计算机模拟方法,得出了９种重要因素对热耗定量影响的模拟结果,并对模拟结果进行了分析,由此寻求陶瓷资料隧道窑节能的较好途径。     

一些国外引进窑炉在国内运转情况分析

一些国外引进窑在国内运转中存在的问题常常发生在国内外有关方面的差异之处,解决问题的最好办法是在注意不同点的基础上,对窑进行精心管理。     

Choosing burners for tunnel kilns

Conclusions Double-duct burners fitted to tunnel kilns have proved themselves. Subsequently, it will be necessary to improve the design of burners and to carry out research into the most rational economic combustion of natural gas.Hot-air injection into burners is undesirable in tunnel kilns heated with natural gas and used for firing chamotte and dinas products.A discussion.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 11–13, May, 1968.     

新型宽体节能隧道窑的开发

通过对国外陶瓷隧道窖的研究，开发出了一条既不同于我国传统窑又区别于引进窑的新型宽体节能隧道窑。     

SOME DATA ON THE WHITEWARE INDUSTRY OF WEST VIRGINIA1

Most of the usual types of whiteware are manufactured in West Virginia by 24 different firms. Data are given on the kinds of body raw materials used, and their geographic sources; the materials used for glazes; lawn meshes used; number and kinds periodic bisque kilns and glost kilns; number of car tunnel bisque and glost kilns; horns kilns are on fire and the cones reached in each of the various types of whiteware.     

Analyzing the heating and cooling of products in a high temperature tunnel kiln

Conclusions We developed relationships permitting us to make accurate thermal analysis of tunnel kilns.We give an analysis of the thermal work of a high temperature tunnel kiln, and explain the essential role of radiation.We demonstrate the advantages of elongating the firing zones and the cooling zones of high temperature tunnel kilns at the expense of the preheat zones.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 16–23, February 1968.     

ADAPTATION OF TUNNEL AND CAR KILNS TO FIRING REFRACTORIES1

The success of tunnel kilns in a given industry is largely determined by the choice of the type best suited to the requirements of that industry. This paper discusses the adaptation of the various types of tunnel kilns to firing glass house refractories, clay, fire brick and silica brick.     

APPLICATION OF THE DOWNDRAFT PRINCIPLE TO TUNNEL KILNS1

Down draft is established as best for producing even heat distribution in periodic and chamber kilns. Methods of applying down draft to tunnel kilns are described and illustrated.     

The ratio of zone lengths in high-temperature tunnel kilns

Conclusions The ratios of the heating zone lengths existing in high-temperature tunnel kilns for firing magnesia refractories are not optimal. There are reserves for improving the operation of the kilns by optimizing the ratio of the zone lengths.The operation of the preheat zone in a high-temperature tunnel kiln is characterized by perfect heat-exchange and the presence of a reserve section. This zone can be reduced without damage to the furnace operation, as a result of which it is possible to elongate the cooling zone.Further treatment of the question of optimization of the ratio of zone lengths in a high-temperature tunnel kiln should be continued in the new kiln design developed by the All-Union Institute of Refractories, which is equipped with burner assemblies from the 19th position.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 8–15, 1970.     

Convective heat exchange in tunnel kilns

Conclusions In calculating the coefficients of heat transfer by convection in tunnel kilns for the longitudinal surfaces of the setting with a latticed column structure Eq. (1) is recommended, for the longitudinal surfaces of the setting with solid columns Eq. (9); and for transverse surfaces in the setting Eq. (14). The resulting coefficients of heat transfer can be made more accurate by multiplying them by the value , determined from Eq. (2).Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 20–27, March, 1972.     

Mastering the production of dense kaolin refractories for blast furnaces

Conclusions The Ukrainian Institute of Refractories has developed a technology, and the Chasov-Yar Factory is mastering the manufacturing methods, for dense kaolin refractories with a porosity of not more than 12% for blast furnaces. The bricks are made with high-fired chamotte using Novoselitsk and Polozhe kaolins. Firing is done in tunnel kilns with a setting height of 1.95 m.The increase in apparent density to 2.35–2.36 g/cm³ in the green brick due to rational use of kaolin chamotte and the improvement in body processing facilitate the regular production of goods with a porosity of not more than 12%, using existing SM-1085 toggle presses and tunnel kilns with a high setting.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 6–12, May, 1979.     

The heat resistance of various types of setting in tunnel-kiln cars

Conclusions The paper presents a method for heat-technical comparison of various types of setting of products for tunnel kilns offering the possibility of selecting the optimum variant of setting of the relative number of columns on the kiln car, and the thickness of each column.To illustrate the use of the proposed method, a comparison is made in regard to high-temperature tunnel kilns with 5- to 9-column settings with a column thickness of 1 standard brick and 7-column settings with a column thickness of 11/4 brick. Under these conditions the best type of setting in terms of heat technique proved to be the 7- to 8-column setting with a column thickness of 1 standard brick.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 17–22, January, 1966.     

Thermal operation of 243-m tunnel kilns for firing heavy dinas parts from Ovruch quartzites

Conclusions At the Krasnogorovka Refractory Plant firing of dinas parts of various sizes of Ovruch quartzites including heavy parts with a weight of up to 30 kg for coke ovens and up to 45 kg for glass melting furnaces has been introduced.Investigations were made of the thermal conditions, and measures were taken making it possible to increase the thermal efficiency of the kilns.In comparison with gas batch kilns tunnel kilns provide a reduction in production scrap and an improvement in part quality and the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of the personnel.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 40–45, July, 1985.     

Model investigation of firing conditions of chrome-magnesite refractories in gas-fired chamber kilns

Conclusions The results of investigations of a model and of an industrial kiln show the favorable effect of a baffle plate arrangement above the gas outlets of tunnel kilns which enhances uniform firing temperatures throughout the chamber.     

The thermodynamic efficiency of tunnel kilns

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - An in-depth thermodynamic analysis of modern high-temperature tunnel kilns showed that the principal exergy losses in the kilns are due to the irreversibility...     

Choosing the sizes of longitudinal gaps between product settings in tunnel kilns

Conclusions A method is proposed for selecting the heat-engineering rational longitudinal geometric characteristics of the setting of products for tunnel kilns.A reduction in the longitudinal gaps between the settings in a high-temperature tunnel kiln to 300–350 mm leads to a 12–13% increase in the heat transfer and introducing internal gaps between the semi-settings to a 7–10% increase.Translated from Ogneupory, No.4, pp. 13–16, April, 1967.