表面活性剂模板法制备介孔材料

自从发现M41S系列介孔分子筛以来,人们对介孔材料的研究越来越活跃.在介孔材料的制备方面,用表面活性剂作模板来组装的方法有着重要的地位.对介孔材料的研究工作进行了简要介绍,讨论了介孔材料的形成机理、制备和影响介孔材料结构的因素.     

介孔材料可控合成及在核工业中的应用研究进展

介绍了介孔材料可控合成方法及研究进展,综述了介孔材料在核工业中的应用,如用于放射性核素的吸附、分离和废物固化等,并对介孔材料控制合成和应用前景进行了展望。提出应对介孔材料进行孔道结构及形貌控制合成、修饰或功能化研究,制备具有短孔道特殊形貌的介孔材料,提高其吸附性能和选择性;寻求更经济可行的合成路线,降低介孔材料的生产成本,逐步实现产业化;深入研究可控合成机理及介孔材料对放射性核素的吸附机理。     

介孔稀土氧化物的合成研究进展

介孔稀土氧化物由于在催化、光、电、磁等领域具有巨大应用潜力,已逐渐成为一个研究的热点.介绍了介孔材料的合成机理,较全面地综述了近年来合成介孔稀土氧化物的几种方法及最新研究进展.通过各种物理表征结果考察了合成条件对介孔材料的性质和形貌的影响,指出了目前介孔稀土氧化物制备方面存在的一些问题,对其应用前景进行了展望.     

模板法制备TiO2介孔材料的研究进展

TiO2介孔材料在催化、吸附及分离等领域具有十分重要的应用,是当今介孔材料研究的热点之一。本文综述了介孔材料的分类,概述了模板法制备TiO2介孔材料的机理及不同类型的模板剂在TiO2介孔材料制备中的应用,指出了模板剂脱除过程中存在的问题,并对介孔材料的研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

过渡金属体系有序介孔材料研究进展

过渡金属体系有序介孔材料在催化、光、电、磁等领域有着硅基介孔材料无法比拟的优越特性.详细地介绍了过渡金属体系有序介孔材料的合成和机理,简要地介绍了其应用.     

介孔组装纳米颗粒

利用介孔材料的纳米孔道组装纳米颗粒可获得单分散性的功能材料.本文中介绍了介孔材料的基本特性和水热法、溶胶-凝胶法、微波法等合成技术,作者率先开发了从硅酸盐矿物通过机械活化浸出来合成微介孔材料的新方法.阐述介孔材料组装精细单质、硫化物、氧化物和复合纳米颗粒的相关技术和功能化特性,分析纳米颗粒的介孔组装机理,总结了分形在介孔材料组装体系表征中的应用,并展望介孔组装纳米颗粒的发展前景.     

介孔材料的制备及其在碳纳米管合成中的应用研究

本文综述了介孔材料的制备方法,重点介绍了以介孔材料为模板或为载体制备碳纳米管的方法,总结了催化剂、反应温度和时间等因素对制备碳纳米管的影响.介绍了碳纳米管在介孔中的生长机理.最后探讨了该研究领域亟待解决的问题以及今后可能的发展前景.     

有序介孔纳米膜的形成机理及在电池中的应用展望

阐述目前制备有序介孔薄膜所用的模板剂(离子型和非离子型表面活性剂)制备介孔薄膜的研究进展,并且就有关现今粉体介孔材料与有序介孔纳米薄膜的形成条件、制备机理的研究方法进行总结,最后展望有序介孔结构薄膜材料在电池器件领域中潜在的应用价值.     

介孔磷酸盐分子筛的合成研究进展

介孔磷酸盐材料在催化领域的应用越来越受到人们的关注,但介孔材料非晶态的孔壁结构导致其热稳定性较低,是制约其发展和工业化应用的重要因素。从合成机理的角度对介孔磷酸盐的合成方法进行了分类,分别综述了水热合成技术和非水合成技术制备介孔磷酸盐材料的方法,分析了合成条件对其介孔结构和热稳定性的影响,介绍了几种合成介孔磷酸盐材料的新方法。     

二氧化钛介孔材料的合成研究

介孔二氧化钛特殊的结构和性能,使其在催化、吸附、分离等领域展现出广阔的应用前景.介绍了有序介孔材料的合成机理,综述了不同类型的表面活性剂在二氧化钛介孔材料合成中的应用和研究进展,指出了表面活性剂脱除的关键问题及解决方法.     

New families of mesoporous materials

Abstract

Mesoporous materials have been paid much attention in both scientific researches and practical applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments on preparation and functionalization of new families of mesoporous materials, especially non-siliceous mesoporous materials invented in our research group. Replica synthesis is known as the method to synthesize mesoporous materials composed of various elements using originally prepared mesoporous replica. This strategy has been applied for the syntheses of novel mesoporous materials such as carbon nanocage and mesoporous carbon nitride. Carbon nanocage has a cage-type structure with huge surface area and pore volume, which exhibits superior capabilities for biomolecular adsorption. Mesoporous carbon nitride was synthesized, for first time, by using mixed material source of carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. As a totally new strategy for synthesis of mesoporous materials, the elemental substitution method has been recently proposed by us. Direct substitution of component elements in original mesoporous materials, with maintaining structural regularity, provided novel mesoporous materials. According to this synthetic strategy, mesoporous boron nitride and mesoporous boron carbon nitride have been successfully prepared, for first time. In addition to these material inventions, hybridization of high functional materials, such as biomaterials, to mesoporous structure has been also developed. Especially, immobilization of proteins in mesopores was systematically researched, and preparation of peptidehybridized mesoporous silica was demonstrated. These new families of mesoporous materials introduced in this review would have high potentials in future practical applications in wide ranges from electronics and photonics to environmental and medical uses.     

New families of mesoporous materials

Mesoporous materials have been paid much attention in both scientific researches and practical applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments on preparation and functionalization of new families of mesoporous materials, especially non-siliceous mesoporous materials invented in our research group. Replica synthesis is known as the method to synthesize mesoporous materials composed of various elements using originally prepared mesoporous replica. This strategy has been applied for the syntheses of novel mesoporous materials such as carbon nanocage and mesoporous carbon nitride. Carbon nanocage has a cage-type structure with huge surface area and pore volume, which exhibits superior capabilities for biomolecular adsorption. Mesoporous carbon nitride was synthesized, for first time, by using mixed material source of carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. As a totally new strategy for synthesis of mesoporous materials, the elemental substitution method has been recently proposed by us. Direct substitution of component elements in original mesoporous materials, with maintaining structural regularity, provided novel mesoporous materials. According to this synthetic strategy, mesoporous boron nitride and mesoporous boron carbon nitride have been successfully prepared, for first time. In addition to these material inventions, hybridization of high functional materials, such as biomaterials, to mesoporous structure has been also developed. Especially, immobilization of proteins in mesopores was systematically researched, and preparation of peptide-hybridized mesoporous silica was demonstrated. These new families of mesoporous materials introduced in this review would have high potentials in future practical applications in wide ranges from electronics and photonics to environmental and medical uses.     

Assemblies of biomaterials in mesoporous media

Assemblies of biomaterials onto mechanically stable inorganic structure are advantageous for the practical applications because of the potential to improve the stability and performance of biomaterials in the biocatalytic processes. Among many kinds of inorganic materials, mesoporous materials such as mesoporous silica and mesoporous carbon have attracted special attention owing to their well-defined structures and perfectly controlled pore geometries, which would lead to unique functions such as size selective adsorption of biomaterials. In the first part of this review, adsorption behaviors of proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and amino acids in aqueous solutions onto mesoporous media are systematically explained. Pore geometries (pore diameter and volume) of mesoporous materials are the crucial factors for the size selective adsorption of biomaterials, especially proteins, which often have a size comparable to pore dimension. The studies on the adsorption of biomaterials on the mesoporous carbon reveal that hydrophobic interaction between guest molecules and surface of the mesoporous materials is an important parameter which controls the amount of biomaterials adsorption. Enhanced adsorption of biomaterials was commonly observed at their isoelectric point, where electrostatic repulsion is minimized between the biomaterials. In addition, several functions such as biomolecular separation, reactor function, controlled drug release, and photochemical properties are discussed in the latter sections. Studies on assemblies of biomaterials in mesoporous media are still in initial stage, but the development of appropriately designed mesoporous materials would powerfully promote researches in these fascinating unexplored fields.     

In Situ Probing of the Particle‐Mediated Mechanism of WO3‐Networked Structures Grown inside Confined Mesoporous Channels

Nanocasting, using ordered mesoporous silica or carbon as a hard template, has enormous potential for preparing novel mesoporous materials with new structures and compositions. Although a variety of mesoporous materials have been synthesized in recent years, the growth mechanism of nanostructures in a confined space, such as mesoporous channels, is not well understood, which hampers the controlled synthesis and further application of mesoporous materials. Here, the nucleation and growth of WO₃‐networked mesostructures within an ordered mesoporous matrix, using an in situ transmission electron microscopy heating technique and in situ synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering spectroscopy, are probed. It is found that the formation of WO₃ mesostructures involves a particle‐mediated transformation and coalescence mechanism. The liquid‐like particle‐mediated aggregation and mesoscale transformation process can occur in ≈10 nm confined mesoporous channels, which is completely unexpected. The detailed mechanistic study will be of great help for experimental design and to exploit a variety of mesoporous materials for diverse applications, such as catalysis, absorption, separation, energy storage, biomedicine, and nanooptics.     

Recent progress in mesoporous titania materials: adjusting morphology for innovative applications

Abstract

This review article summarizes recent developments in mesoporous titania materials, particularly in the fields of morphology control and applications. We first briefly introduce the history of mesoporous titania materials and then review several synthesis approaches. Currently, mesoporous titania nanoparticles (MTNs) have attracted much attention in various fields, such as medicine, catalysis, separation and optics. Compared with bulk mesoporous titania materials, which are above a micrometer in size, nanometer-sized MTNs have additional properties, such as fast mass transport, strong adhesion to substrates and good dispersion in solution. However, it has generally been known that the successful synthesis of MTNs is very difficult owing to the rapid hydrolysis of titanium-containing precursors and the crystallization of titania upon thermal treatment. Finally, we review four emerging fields including photocatalysis, photovoltaic devices, sensing and biomedical applications of mesoporous titania materials. Because of its high surface area, controlled porous structure, suitable morphology and semiconducting behavior, mesoporous titania is expected to be used in innovative applications.     

Chemistry of Mesoporous Organosilica in Nanotechnology: Molecularly Organic–Inorganic Hybridization into Frameworks

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials aiming to combine the individual advantages of organic and inorganic components while overcoming their intrinsic drawbacks have shown great potential for future applications in broad fields. In particular, the integration of functional organic fragments into the framework of mesoporous silica to fabricate mesoporous organosilica materials has attracted great attention in the scientific community for decades. The development of such mesoporous organosilica materials has shifted from bulk materials to nanosized mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (designated as MONs, in comparison with traditional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)) and corresponding applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this comprehensive review, the state‐of‐art progress of this important hybrid nanomaterial family is summarized, focusing on the structure/composition–performance relationship of MONs of well‐defined morphology, nanostructure, and nanoparticulate dimension. The synthetic strategies and the corresponding mechanisms for the design and construction of MONs with varied morphologies, compositions, nanostructures, and functionalities are overviewed initially. Then, the following part specifically concentrates on their broad spectrum of applications in nanotechnology, mainly in nanomedicine, nanocatalysis, and nanofabrication. Finally, some critical issues, presenting challenges and the future development of MONs regarding the rational synthesis and applications in nanotechnology are summarized and discussed. It is highly expected that such a unique molecularly organic–inorganic nanohybrid family will find practical applications in nanotechnology, and promote the advances of this discipline regarding hybrid chemistry and materials.     

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials

In this review, the progress made in the last ten years concerning the synthesis of porous carbon materials is summarized. Porous carbon materials with various pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using several different routes. Microporous activated carbons have been synthesized through the activation process. Ordered microporous carbon materials have been synthesized using zeolites as templates. Mesoporous carbons with a disordered pore structure have been synthesized using various methods, including catalytic activation using metal species, carbonization of polymer/polymer blends, carbonization of organic aerogels, and template synthesis using silica nanoparticles. Ordered mesoporous carbons with various pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM‐48, HMS, SBA‐15, MCF, and MSU‐X as templates. Ordered mesoporous carbons with graphitic pore walls have been synthesized using soft‐carbon sources that can be converted to highly ordered graphite at high temperature. Hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon materials have been synthesized using various designed silica templates. Some of these mesoporous carbon materials have successfully been used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for enzyme immobilization. Ordered macroporous carbon materials have been synthesized using colloidal crystals as templates. One‐dimensional carbon nanostructured materials have been fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template.     

TiO2介孔材料合成及应用

TiO2介孔材料因其在光催化、催化剂载体、传感器、电化学器件等方面具有种种潜在的用途而备受关注，已经成为材料科学一个崭新的研究方向。综述了介孔TiO2的合成方法及应用等方面的研究成果。     

Bio-inspired synthesis of mesoporous sílicas using large molecular weight poly-l-lysine at neutral pH

Among the various types of amorphous silica-based materials, those that have mesopores (pore widths between 2 and 50 nm) constitute an important group. Silica mesoporous materials have been considered in fields such as catalysis, adsorption, sensing, and electronics or, more recently in drug delivery. The synthesis of silica mesoporous materials usually involves corrosive reaction media and high temperatures. Nevertheless, some living organisms such as diatoms or sponges produce silica in non-corrosive environments and at ambient temperatures. Important progress has been achieved in the synthesis of silica-based materials by biomimetic or bio-inspired methodologies, but the number of studies that use biomolecules and address specifically the preparation of mesoporous materials is reduced. We report in this work, to our knowledge for the first time, a methodology to obtain mesoporous silicas that involves, simultaneously, a biomolecule (poly-l-lysine) and neutral pH. The prepared materials have pores with widths between 2 and 8 nm and specific surface areas between 232 and 616 m² g^?1.