一种新的图像加密算法研究与应用

提出了一种新的混沌彩色图像加密算法.首先由Logistic和Cubic-Henon复合混沌映射生成混沌序列,再结合像素值替代和图像位置置乱方法对彩色图像进行加密,并利用"一幅图像一次密钥"的密钥同步方案,实现了一个基于混沌的图像保密通信系统.该算法具有一定的有效性和良好的加密性能.     

通用数字图像加密与抗剪切攻击恢复算法

为对数字图像进行有效地保护,提出一种以混沌系统及其混沌序列为基础的通用加密与解密算法。首先,根据密钥产生一个混沌序列,经排序后生成相应的下标序列,并据此进行像素坐标置乱加密。然后,根据子密钥与图像类型值由混沌序列生成相应的无符号整数序列,并按顺序与对应的像素值进行异或运算以实现像素值置换加密。针对恶意剪切攻击,同时提出一种基于邻域相邻像素特性的抗剪切攻击恢复算法。实验结果与理论分析表明,该算法加密效果好,密钥空间大,安全性与通用性强,且具有较为理想的抗统计分析攻击与抗剪切攻击能力。     

一种基于混沌映射的快速图像加密算法优化

为了解决现有图像加密算法存在随图像尺寸变大导致加密时间迅速增加的问题,采用基于logistic和Arnold映射的改进加密算法实现了快速图像加密算法的优化。该算法基于两种混沌映射对原文图像进行像素置乱和灰度值替代,像素置乱是按图像大小选择以H个相邻像素为单位进行,通过适当调整H的取值实现加密时间优化;灰度值替代是利用Arnold映射产生混沌序列对置乱图像进行操作而得到密文图像。结果表明,对于256×256的Lena标准图像,加密时间降低到0.0817s。该算法具有密钥空间大和加密速度快等优点,能有效抵抗穷举、统计和差分等方式的攻击。     

像素位置与比特双重置乱的图像混沌加密算法

针对当前流行的一类具有置乱—扩散结构的混沌图像加密算法存在的安全缺陷问题,提出了一种能抵抗选择明(密)文攻击的图像加密算法。算法采用Kent混沌映射生成密钥序列,并根据明文像素值的特征和输入的密钥,分别产生混沌系统的参数和预迭代次数。首先,利用混沌序列实现图像像素位置的全局置乱;其次,根据另一个新生成的混沌序列,实现对图像像素值中0 bit、1 bit的置乱。实现了混沌映射产生的序列与图像本身内容的关联,从而实现了中间密钥随明文自适应变化,能有效抵抗选择明(密)文攻击。实验结果表明,该算法克服了以往算法不能抵抗选择明(密)文攻击的缺陷,同时具有加密算法简单、密钥空间大等加密性能,并能较好地抵抗统计特性分析、差分分析攻击。     

一种基于TLM超混沌细胞神经网络图像加密新算法

混沌对初值敏感的特性使得它适合于数据加密。以4 阶CNN 模型为基础,提出了一种新的超混沌细胞神经网络图像加密算法。算法分为置乱和扩散二个阶段,复合混沌映射用于生成置乱阶段控制参数,用以置乱图像行列之间的高度互相关像素。在扩散阶段,使用不同初始状态和参数的复合混沌映射生成高阶混沌细胞神经网络的初始条件,以生成扩散阶段的密钥流。算法的已知明文和选择明文攻击、密钥空间和直方图的仿真实验均取得了良好的结果。与其他相关算法相比,该算法具有密钥敏感性和抗攻击性强的优点,适用于图像加密。     

一种基于新混沌映射的矩形图像三维加密算法

二维混沌映射应用于图像加密时一般要求图像是 正方形,且加密中只进行图像置乱,不改变像素值, 不能抵御明文攻击。提出一种基于新混沌映射的矩形图像三维加密算法:首先利用像素值的 特点,将图像 分为8层,再将每层依次进行平铺、连接,构成一个原图8倍大的新图像。接着,利用映射 原理,设计能 加密矩形图像的新混沌映射,并对新图像进行图像置乱。最后,把密图转换为成原图大小。 解密过程和解 密过程对称。仿真表明:加密算法可处理矩形图像,能同时快速实现图像置乱和混淆,改变 了图像像素的 统计特征。测试与安全性分析验证了算法的有效性和加密安全性。     

基于超混沌系统的彩色图像加密新算法

为了研究数字图像在通信中的安全传输问题,提出了一种改进的基于超混沌系统的彩色图像加密算法.利用改进的Logistic映射对彩色图像的R、G、B三层像素灰度值进行位置置乱,对置乱后的各层像素灰度值采用陈氏超混沌系统异或加密,得到彩色密文图像.使用MATLAB7.0进行仿真.密文图像杂乱无章,毫无规律,完全不同于原始图像.仿真结果表明,该算法密钥空间大,效率高,安全性能好,适用于彩色图像的安全传输.     

基于量子密钥分发和像素置乱的图像加密方法研究

鉴于当前经典图像加密算法的局限性及量子密钥分发协议无条件安全的特性,提出一种基于量子密钥分发和像素置乱的图像加密方法。首先通信双方产生量子密钥序列,然后将密钥序列转换成与要加密的图像对应的像素矩阵,将该像素矩阵与对应的图像的像素矩阵元素按位进行异或运算,再利用下一量子密钥序列生成像素置乱矩阵,对图像像素进行置乱变换,最终完成加密。解密方用与发送方相反的方法进行像素位置复原,再利用密钥矩阵进行异或运算即可解密。该算法所有密钥均采用量子密钥分发协议产生,安全性高,实现简单,经实验仿真证明,加密后的图像直方图呈均匀分布,像素相关性非常弱,像素变化率和信息熵高。     

基于混沌的数字图象置乱和水印算法

提出了一种新的基于混沌的数字图象的置乱和隐藏算法。该算法利用混沌对初值的敏感性和混沌伪随机序列的唯一性，基于两个不同的混沌映射模型，分别用于水印图像的置乱加密和嵌入算法，增强了水印算法的鲁棒性和安全性。该算法具有如下特征：算法实现简单，由于采用了混沌置乱和混沌嵌入双重混沌技术而具有很高的鲁棒性，使用两个独立的混沌的初值作为密钥具有很高的安全性。计算机仿真结果表明，该算法具有很好的稳健性。     

改进的DNA图像加密算法

针对数字图像加密算法复杂度高、安全性较差问题,通过对相关算法进行研究,提出一种DNA序列与混沌系统相结合的新型算法。该算法突破了先置乱图像像素后改变像素值的方式,利用传统DNA密码学中的并行性和信息密度的特性,对数字图像进行处理,然后结合混沌序列对其进行加密。仿真结果表明,较其他算法相比,不仅具有安全性高,密钥空间大,而且对穷举攻击、统计攻击、差分攻击有良好的鲁棒性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.