Promoted slurryability of petroleum coke-water slurry by using black liquor as an additive

The purpose of this paper is to prepare the petroleum coke-water slurry with a maximal coke mass fraction and the superior slurry natures using black liquor as an additive. The variations of rheological properties, contact angle, fluidity, stability and zeta potential of the coke-water slurry with different black liquor dosages were investigated. It was observed that the addition of a black liquor dosage around 1.0 wt.% of the petroleum coke remarkably improved the rheological properties, fluidity and stability of the slurry, and the slurry could hold a mass of petroleum coke as high as 70 wt.%, with the superior apparent viscosity, fluidity and stability available for practical utilization.     

煤气化黑水作为石油焦浆稳定剂的实验研究

石油焦比煤具有更高的热值,同时价格低廉,利用石油焦浆气化制备合成气具有很大的优势.石油焦浆气化的第1步是制备水焦浆,采用煤气化黑水作为石油焦浆的稳定剂,不仅节约了稳定剂的成本,还解决了黑水的处理和对环境的污染问题.文中通过逐步提高石油焦浆制备过程中黑水与去离子水的添加比例,采用干磨湿混的方式制浆,测定了石油焦浆在剪切应...     

Effects of chemicals and blending petroleum coke on the properties of low-rank Indonesian coal water mixtures

In this study, the effects of different chemical additives including dispersant and stabilizer on the solid loading, viscosity, rheological behaviour and static stability of coal water mixtures have been investigated. In the experiments, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF) was selected as dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na) and nano-stabilizer were employed as stabilizers. An Indonesian low-rank coal, taken from Berau, East Kalimantan, was used for the study. To obtain high-loaded slurry, Liaohe petroleum coke was used to blend with Indonesian coal sample. The results of the experiments showed that adding chemical additives and blending Liaohe petroleum coke can effectively improve the slurryability of Indonesian low-rank coal.     

石油焦成浆性能的研究

以萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物、聚羧酸钠、木质素磺酸钠和1种含有木质素磺酸盐的工业废料作为分散剂,考察了2种石油焦的成浆性能。结果表明:2种石油焦的成浆性能相近,黏度为1 000 mPa.s时,与4种分散剂的成浆质量分数均在69%左右;水焦浆多为胀塑性流体,且稳定性较差,24 h内均出现硬沉淀;加入含有聚丙烯酰胺的工业废料作为稳定剂后,水焦浆全部转为假塑性流体,出现硬沉淀的时间超过72 h,但黏度有所提高,导致石油焦的成浆质量分数下降到64%左右。石油焦较低的内在含水质量分数和强疏水性是决定石油焦的成浆质量分数、稳定性和流变性的首要因素。     

Bonding of solid additives in cokes from coals: a microscopy study

Cortonwood Silkstone (NCB class 401) and Betteshanger (NCB class 301 a/204) coals were co-carbonized with solid additives such as anthracite, coke breeze, green and calcined petroleum cokes. The resultant carbonization products (cokes) were examined by optical microscopy and SEM was used to investigate polished surfaces etched by chromic acid and fracture surfaces. For both coals only the anthracite and green petroleum coke become bonded to the coal cokes. This probably results from softening and interaction of interfaces of the anthracite and green coke with the fluid coal via a mechanism of hydrogenating solvolysis during the carbonization process. The coke breeze and calcined petroleum cokes were interlocked into the matrix of coal coke.     

水煤浆气化掺用石油焦运行的实践及问题分析

为实现生产控煤任务,进行了水煤浆气化装置的掺焦运行实践。研究了石油焦掺加比例对煤浆性能的影响,实验结果及生产运行表明,掺加石油焦后,煤浆浓度提高,黏度降低。针对生产中掺加石油焦后水煤浆气化炉、渣水系统、脱硫系统存在的问题进行了原因分析,并采取了相应的工艺调整和优化措施,实践表明,水煤浆气化装置掺加石油焦运行,在完成控煤任务的同时,保证了装置长周期稳定运行的效果。     

Thermogravimetric study of coal and petroleum coke for co-gasification

As a preliminary study of gasification of coal and petroleum coke mixtures, thermogravimetric analyses were performed at various temperatures (1,100, 1,200, 1,300, and 1,400 °C) and the isothermal kinetics were analyzed and compared. The activation energies of coal, petroleum coke and coal/petroleum coke mixture were calculated by using both a shrinking core model and a modified volumetric model. The results showed that the activation energies for the anthracite and petroleum coke used in this study were 9.56 and 11.92 kcal/mol and reaction times were 15.8 and 27.0 min. In the case of mixed fuel, however, the activation energy (6.97 kcal/mol) and reaction time (17.0 min) were lower than the average value of the individual fuels, confirming that a synergistic effect was observed in the coprocessing of coal and petroleum coke. This work was presented at the 6 ^th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006.     

基于配煤和表面修饰改善褐煤成浆性的研究

为改善褐煤成浆性,使其满足水煤浆气化需求,利用石油焦配煤,煤油作为表面修饰剂,研究改性方式对褐煤成浆性的影响。结果表明：（1）石油焦具有较强的疏水性,添加石油焦配煤显著提高褐煤的成浆浓度,且成浆浓度与石油焦占干基固体颗粒质量分数α（α>10.0%）正相关;（2）添加占干基固体颗粒质量β的煤油表面修饰配煤混合颗粒可以增强颗粒疏水性,进一步提高煤焦浆浓度,黏度随β先减小后增大,β最佳值与α（α>10.0%）负相关;（3）添加微量石油焦（α<1.0%）煤油悬浮液修饰时,可以提高煤油修饰效果,降低煤焦浆黏度η,α最佳值与β正相关。     

Rheological characteristics of coal tar and petroleum pitches with and without additives

An extensive study of rheological characteristics of coal tar and petroleum pitches with and without additives, namely, petroleum coke, natural graphite and carbon black has been made. It is found that all pitches, pure or mixed with a carbon additive are not Newtonian as reported in the literature, but behave Theologically as Bingham plastics with certain yield stress and plastic viscosity at all temperatures of measurement between 85–180°C. The yield stress and plastic viscosity both decrease with increase in temperature of the pitch. A pure petroleum pitch having the same softening point as that of a coal tar pitch is found to have a lower viscosity compared to that of the latter at all temperatures of measurement. This suggests that the criterion of softening point as a measure of suitability of a coal tar pitch binder in the manufacture of artificial carbon is not sufficient for petroleum pitches. Addition of ten parts of carbon black by weight of pitch results in a considerable decrease in viscosity change with temperature of the coal tar pitch compared to almost insignificant change in the case of the petroleum pitch of the same softening point. However, the addition of petroleum coke or natural graphite makes the pitch more viscous but does not change the temperature dependence of viscosity of either of the two types of pitches. The implications are discussed.     

水煤焦浆的成浆性能研究

笔者选择萘系表面活性剂作为分散剂,考察了水、煤、石油焦的成浆性能,研制一种新型环保石油替代燃料——水煤焦浆。实验结果表明添加适量的磺酸盐类分散剂和无机盐稳定剂后,水、煤、石油焦呈现较好的成浆性能,可替代传统的水煤浆和水焦浆。实验还研究了煤焦配比、稳定剂、温度等对水煤焦浆的成浆性能的影响。     

石油焦的成浆性及水焦浆的流变性和稳定性

对某石油焦在加入不同添加剂后的成浆特性以及水焦浆的温升特性、流变特性和稳定性进行了实验研究。加入不同添加剂后各浆样的定黏浓度均在70%左右,石油焦成浆性良好;水焦浆的表观黏度随温度的升高而降低,随浓度的升高而增大;水焦浆的流变特性和稳定性在不同的添加剂下呈现出较大的差别,当使用亚甲基萘磺酸钠-苯乙烯磺酸钠-马来酸钠(NSM)和亚甲基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物(NC)添加剂时,水焦浆呈胀流性,且稳定性差。当使用木质素磺酸盐(LS)和石油磺酸盐(PS)时,水焦浆在较高浓度下呈假塑性,且稳定性较好。浆体浓度越大,稳定性越好。     

石油焦与煤粉燃烧性能差异的研究

石油焦作为石油工业副产品,具有低灰分质量分数、高挥发分质量分数、高发热值等特点,但对其燃烧价值的利用还很不充分。文中利用X射线衍射及扫描电镜对石油焦及烟煤和无烟煤进行微观结构的研究,同时利用热重分析方法对其燃烧性能进行系统研究发现:石油焦的芳香片层堆砌结构与无烟煤接近,但其丰富的气孔结构又有利于改善其燃烧过程。无烟煤中加入石油焦后,着火点温度从527℃降低到482.6℃;总质量分数从71.95%提高到76.82%,其燃烧效率得到提高。     

无烟煤与添加剂炼焦实验研究

采用马钢炼焦原料研究了无烟煤与添加剂配煤炼焦新工艺.用无烟煤取代部分焦煤的炼焦实验结果表明,在黏结剂PRT和CMC分别为0.5％条件下,无烟煤配入量为14％时所炼出的焦炭的粒焦反应性比9％无烟煤时所炼的焦更低,而反应后强度则高于加入9％无烟煤时所炼的焦,与不加无烟煤所炼的焦的差距很小;此外,在无烟煤配入量为14％时,改变添加剂配比的炼焦实验结果表明,对3-2,3-3及3-5号配方所炼的焦,具有比较好的落下强度与转鼓指数、较低的粒焦反应性和较高的反应后强度,比较接近不加无烟煤的基准焦配方3-1.     

灰渣对石油焦浆稳定性的影响研究

采用气化灰渣作为石油焦浆的稳定剂,考察了灰渣对石油焦浆稳定性的影响。结果表明:灰渣能够有效提高石油焦浆的稳定性,提高屈服应力。当固体质量分数为63%,灰渣质量为总固体颗粒质量的20%—25%时,制备出的水焦浆满足工业要求。石油焦1添加质量分数15%的灰渣最高可制备出固体颗粒质量分数为70%的水焦浆,添加质量分数为20%的灰渣,石油焦2最高可制备出固体颗粒质量分数为67%的水焦浆。适量的灰渣可以作为石油焦浆的稳定剂制备固体质量分数高的水焦浆。     

Viscosities of coal—water—methanol mixtures

A plot of viscosity measurements for coal—water—methanol mixtures vs. percentage methanol in the liquid indicates that the viscosities of both coal—water and coal—alcohol slurries are increased by the addition of the second liquid. The shape of the slurry viscosity curve is very similar, on a greatly exaggerated scale, to the plot of viscosity versus percentage methanol for the pure liquid mixtures. Measurements were made as a part of a test program involving coal—water-methanol fuels. Initial mixtures were 60 wt% Pittsburgh seam coal in liquids composed of varying proportions of water and methanol. Slurries of Montana Rosebud and Texas Lignite coals in water—methanol mixtures also displayed viscosity maxima, but at different fractions of methanol. There was no viscosity peak for 40, 50 or 55% petroleum coke slurries. Slurries of ground glass in water-methanol mixtures were evaluated for comparison and a viscosity maximum was observed, although the peak occurred at a methanol concentration somewhat lower than it occurs in the pure liquid mixture.     

焦油馏分添加剂对庞庄煤成浆性能的影响

利用焦油馏分中的有效成分合成出水煤浆萘油添加剂与蒽油添加剂,应用傅立叶变换红外光谱对萘油、蒽油添加剂的结构进行了分析,推测出萘油、蒽油添加剂主要为含有-CH2-,-SO3-等基团的芳香族化合物。以纯萘磺酸缩甲醛、萘油添加剂及蒽油添加剂分别对庞庄煤进行制浆实验,结果表明:萘油添加剂与蒽油添加剂复配使用时,浆体性能优良。同时对焦油馏分添加剂改善水煤浆性能的作用机理进行了探讨。     

阴离子型添加剂对水煤浆动电势的影响

选用了变质程度不同的8种煤和三类共9种分子结构不同的阴离子型添加剂,详细考察了添加剂的结构特征对水煤浆动电势的影响规律．研究结果表明,对于线性高分子型阴离子添加剂聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）,在所考察的相对分子量的范围内（5．34万～33．39万）,各煤种的动电势随着分子量的增加而增加（绝对值）．对于萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐添加剂（NSF）,在萘环上引入甲基和苄基取代基时,动电势均有不同程度的降低．对于木质素和腐植酸盐类添加剂,高磺化度也将导致煤粒动电势的降低．     

不同瘦化剂在配煤炼焦中的研究进展

对冶金焦粉、石油焦粉和无烟煤等瘦化剂的来源及性质进行了总结。探讨了不同瘦化剂在配合煤成焦过程中的作用机理。得出冶金焦粉可改善焦炭抗碎强度和提高块焦率;石油焦粉可改善焦炭耐磨强度和反应后强度,降低灰分含量;无烟煤可代替部分瘦煤,降低焦炭反应性和硫含量。     

Effect of particle size distribution of petroleum coke on the properties of petroleum coke-oil slurry

The effect of particle size distribution of petroleum coke on the properties of petroleum coke-oil slurry (PCOS) from four Chinese petroleum coke samples, such as apparent viscosity, rheological behavior, static stability, were systematically investigated. The size and morphology of petroleum coke particle with different grinding time and the corresponding stabilizing mechanisms were analyzed by SEM and zeta potential measurements. Experiments proved the petroleum coke grinding time of 60 min is suitable for the particle distribution and stability of PCOS. Besides, the effect of the sample type and loading of petroleum coke on the properties of PCOS was studied. The factors governing the apparent viscosity and stability of slurries have been discussed. The experimental results showed that the properties of PCOS could be effectively improved, and a suitable PCOS with low viscosity and good stability could be prepared through controlling the particle size distribution and petroleum coke loading.     

Flow behavior of wakes in a three-phase slurry bubble column with viscous liquid medium

Flow behavior of wakes has been investigated in a three-phase slurry bubble column of 0.102 m ID and 1.5 m in height. The dependence of wake characteristics such as rising velocity, frequency, holdup and equivalent size on the operating variables was examined by employing an electric resistivity probe method. The gas velocity, liquid viscosity and solid content in the slurry phase were chosen as independent parameters. The rising velocity of wake region increased with an increase in the gas velocity (4.0–12.0 cm/s), liquid viscosity (1.0–50.0 mPa·s) or solid content (0–25 wt%) in the slurry phase. The frequency and holdup of wake phase increased with increasing gas velocity, but decreased with increasing liquid viscosity or solid content in the slurry phase. The equivalent size of wake phase increased with increasing gas velocity, liquid viscosity or solid content in the slurry phase. The wake properties and holdup were well correlated with operation variables within these experimental conditions.