The effect of reagents on selective flotation of smithsonite–calcite–quartz

In this paper the effects of sodium sulphide, sodium hexa methaphosphate (SH), sodium fluoric, starch and sodium silicate adsorption on smithsonite, quartz and calcite surfaces at various pH values, and using Armac C and oleic acid as collectors were investigated through microflotation. Also, the effects of various primary amine collectors (Armac C, Armac T, Flotigam SA, Flotigam TA and Armeen TD) were investigated for smithsonite flotation. The flotation tests were performed using purified samples from Angooran mine by the microflotation technique. The cationic flotation results showed that the maximum recovery of smithsonite could be improved to 92% using 400 g/t Armac C and 500 g/t sodium sulphide at pH 11. Also, the quartz and calcite recoveries reached 98% and 89%, respectively, at the above mentioned conditions. Moreover, using 1250 g/t SH and 1500 g/t sodium silicate as a depressant, the quartz and calcite recoveries decreased to 70% and 20%, respectively, and also the smithsonite recovery was reduced to 82%. Furthermore, the experiments showed that the behavior of sodium fluoric as a quartz depressant is similar to that of sodium silicate. Flotation results using oleic acid revealed that the maximum recovery of 90% occurs at pH 9 and 500 g/t oleic acid. Also, the quartz and calcite recoveries reached 26% and 87%, respectively, in the anionic flotation conditions. Increasing amount of sodium silicate to 2000 g/t caused a decrease in the smithsonite recovery to 87% and also decreased the calcite and quartz recoveries by 10% and 15%, respectively.     

Selective flotation separation of spodumene from feldspar using new mixed anionic/cationic collectors

The selectivity in flotation separation of spodumene from other pegmatic aluminosilicates such as feldspar and mica, using a single fatty acid anionic collector, is found to be very difficult. It is attributed to the same surface Al site for interaction with fatty acid. In this study, a collector mixture of sodium oleate (NaOL) and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) demonstrates a high selectivity for the flotation of spodumene from feldspar. The influences of important factors such as molar ratio of the mixed collectors, dosages of calcium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, and pulp temperature on spodumene and feldspar flotation using the mixed collectors have been investigated through micro-flotation tests. The optimum molar ratio of NaOL and DTAC is found to be 9:1. Sodium hydroxide has to be used as a pH regulator. Without the use of depressants, no selectivity is observed as the flotation of spodumene and feldspar are activated by Ca²⁺. Sodium carbonate must be used as depressant of feldspar. A comparison of the flotation for a lithium pegmatite ore using mixed fatty acid soaps and mixed anionic/cationic collectors (NaOL/DTAC) was carried out by the batch flotation tests. The results indicated that NaOL/DTAC decrease collector consumption by two-thirds. The recovery and grade of Li₂O concentrates increase by 4.93% and 0.31%, respectively.     

Adsorption mechanism of mixed anionic/cationic collectors in Muscovite – Quartz flotation system

The flotation separation of muscovite from quartz was investigated using mixed sodium oleate/dodecylamine acetate (NaOL/DDA) collectors. The experiments were conducted on single minerals and on a mixture of minerals, and their collecting performances were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential technique and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that neither muscovite nor quartz is floated with NaOL alone, while using DDA alone, they can be separated only at strong acid conditions (pH < 3). Mixed NaOL/DDA collectors exhibits excellent performance in the flotation separation of muscovite from quartz at pH 10. The ratio of the mixed collectors is found to be an important criterion in the flotation tests. The best separation result (muscovite recovery of 80% and quartz recovery of 10%) could be achieved with NaOL/DDA molar ratios of 3/1 and 2/1 at pH 10. The co-adsorption of NaOL and DDA is found on muscovite surface by strong electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and chemical adsorption. This study may provide guidance for the flotation mechanism and application of mixed anionic/cationic collectors.     

Physicochemical studies of smithsonite flotation using mixed anionic/cationic collector

In this study, the flotation behaviour and surface adsorption of smithsonite were investigated using various concentration ratios of potassium amyl xanthate (KAX) and dodecylamine (DDA) in a surfactant mixture. The use of either KAX or DDA during flotation resulted in an increase in smithsonite recovery as the collector concentration increased. Further, the smithsonite recoveries were for the most part less than 40% irrespective of collector concentration. However, when a mixture of KAX and DDA was used, smithsonite recovery increased dramatically. The FT-IR spectra show co-adsorption of the amine–xanthate complex using a collector mixture. The presence of KAX in the mixture decreases the electrostatic head–head repulsion between the surface and ammonium ions and increases the lateral tail–tail hydrophobic bonds.     

EDTA二钠钙对十二胺体系中菱锌矿浮游性的影响

通过单矿物浮选试验,研究了不同条件下乙二胺四乙酸二钠钙（EDTA二钠钙）对十二胺（DDA）体系中菱锌矿浮游性的影响规律。结果表明:当pH值在9.2~11.1范围时,EDTA二钠钙对硫化钠活化后的菱锌矿虽无捕收性,但能够增强十二胺对菱锌矿的捕收能力;EDTA二钠钙以40%的质量比取代十二胺并用于浮选菱锌矿时,可以获得比单独使用十二胺更好的浮选效果。浮选溶液化学计算、矿物溶解试验和动电位测试的结果表明,EDTA二钠钙通过促进菱锌矿表面Zn2+的溶解来降低矿物表面的电位,从而提高菱锌矿的浮选回收率。      

以CF为捕收剂氧化铅锌矿浮选新方法

以CF药剂为捕收剂，研究氧化铅锌矿物和含钙，镁，铁，硅脉石脉石矿物的浮选分离。结果表明，CF药剂可选择性捕收菱锌矿，白铅矿，而对方解石，白云石，石英和褐铁矿作用较弱，六偏磷酸钠和硫酸锌盐化水玻璃选择性抑制方解石，白云石，石英和褐铁矿，Pb(NO3)2是菱锌矿和白铅矿的有效活化剂。CF直接浮选和活化浮选，在自然pH值矿浆条件下都能较好地将菱锌矿，白铅矿与方解石，白云石，石英和褐铁矿分离，活化浮选能有效地降低CF药剂的用量，人工混合矿物的浮选验证了工艺的可行性。     

阴阳离子组合捕收剂在锂云母浮选气液界面的协同作用机理

以某含Li₂O 1.09%的锂云母矿石为研究对象,将三种阴离子捕收剂油酸钠(NaOl)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和环烷酸钠(NA)分别与阳离子捕收剂十二胺(DDA)进行复配,借助浮选试验、表面张力、泡沫物化性质测试及协同作用参数计算等手段,从气-液界面研究了阴/阳离子组合捕收剂在锂云母浮选中的协同作用机理。浮选结果表明,三种阴/阳离子组合捕收剂对锂云母的浮选效果均优于单一捕收剂,且当DDA与SDS摩尔比为1∶1时达到最佳浮选效果,精矿中Li2O品位和回收率分别为2.24%和61.88%。而此时浮选泡沫的稳定性达到最低,有利于锂云母的浮选,其浮选泡沫层的高度、半衰期和含水量分别为33 mm,86 s和48.72%。结合表面张力和协同作用参数计算结果可知,在阴/阳离子组合捕收剂体系中,由于正、负电荷相互吸引,致使阴离子捕收剂插入到DDA之间的空隙中,两种捕收剂通过静电力和碳链间的疏水缔合作用相互交织。而由于磺酸基较强的电负性,其降低DDA之间静电斥力的能力更强。相比DDA/NaOl和DDA/NA,DDA/SDS在气-液界面的饱和吸附值增加,捕收剂分子所占的平均最小面积...     

微细粒高岭石对菱锌矿浮选的影响研究

通过浮选试验、沉降试验、矿相显微镜观察和接触角测定,研究了微细粒高岭石对菱锌矿浮选行为的影响机制。研究结果表明,少量微细粒高岭石的存在就会显著降低菱锌矿的回收率。主要原因是微细粒高岭石与菱锌矿发生了异相凝聚。在捕收剂作用下,高岭石具有较强的亲水性,而高岭石附着于菱锌矿表面,降低了菱锌矿的表观疏水性,从而降低了菱锌矿的回收率。增加捕收剂用量或者添加六偏磷酸钠均能有效改善菱锌矿的浮选。     

复合捕收剂与组合抑制剂对微细粒独居石与萤石浮选分离的作用机理研究

为提高微细粒(-15 μm)独居石和萤石的浮选分离效果, 通过浮选试验、XPS测试和显微聚团分析, 对组合抑制剂水玻璃+乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和复合捕收剂辛基羟肟酸(OHA)+辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP)在独居石和萤石浮选分离试验中的应用效果和作用机理进行了分析。结果表明, 针对-15 μm独居石和萤石质量比1 GA6FA 1的人工混合矿, 联合使用组合抑制剂和复合捕收剂, 可以得到独居石回收率80%、萤石回收率24.4%的浮选精矿, 相比于仅使用单一抑制剂或单一捕收剂时, 独居石的浮选回收率及独居石与萤石的浮选分离效果明显提高; EDTA能够络合清除独居石表面的Ca2+离子, 提高抑制剂对萤石的选择性抑制作用; OP和OHA可以协同吸附在独居石表面, 促使微细粒独居石疏水聚团, 从而提高其浮选回收。      

混合捕收剂浮选难选钛铁尾矿

研究了油酸钠、硬脂酸钠和现场混合药剂FH三种捕收剂单独及混合作用于钛铁矿纯矿物、人工混合矿的浮选行为。探究了混合捕收剂对六安钛铁尾矿浮选行为的影响。结果表明 油酸钠与硬脂酸钠混合以及油酸钠与FH混合后浮选效果增强, 产生正协同作用, 药剂的最佳混合比例分别为7∶3和5∶5。当钛铁矿矿浆浓度为40%, FH油酸钠混合药剂用量为750 g/t, 硫酸用量为1 250 g/t 时, 钛铁矿回收率和品位分别为67.14%和32.60%, 相比单独使用两种捕收剂, 回收率分别提高了16.89%和8.97%, 品位分别提高了11.95%和6.02%。     

阳离子-阴离子组合捕收剂浮选分离白钨矿和方解石

通过纯矿物浮选试验、红外光谱分析、表面张力测定以及动电位测试研究了阳离子捕收剂十二胺(DDA)和阴离子捕收剂油酸钠(NaOL)及其组合捕收剂在白钨矿和方解石浮选分离中的作用及机理。结果表明,当pH值为7左右,DDA和NaOL组合捕收剂总用量为1.5×10^-4 mol/L、组合比为9∶1时,白钨矿回收率达到95%,比单独使用DDA、NaOL以及DDA和NaOL组合比为1∶9时明显提高;在该比例下预先加入2.0×10^-3 mol/L的酸化水玻璃,白钨矿回收率仍然达到90%,而方解石回收率由80%下降到了40%,这可以实现白钨矿和方解石的浮选分离。     

磷酸盐对菱锌矿与白云石浮选分离影响

菱锌矿和白云石在以十二胺为捕收剂的体系中,可浮性差异较小,浮选分离困难。通过单矿物浮选实验,研究三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠和六偏磷酸钠3种磷酸盐对菱锌矿和白云石浮选的影响,结果表明三聚磷酸钠用量为30mg/L时,对白云石产生强烈的抑制作用,对菱锌矿的抑制作用稍弱,实现了对白云石的选择性抑制。实际矿石试验结果表明使用三聚磷酸钠600g/t作为白云石抑制剂,经浮选分离可以得到锌品位36.49%,回收率为75.49%的锌精矿,实现菱锌矿和白云石的有效分离。通过Zeta电位测试和吸附量测试,探讨三聚磷酸钠对白云石的抑制作用机理,结果表明三聚磷酸钠能显著影响捕收剂十二胺在白云石表面的吸附,对菱锌矿表面的吸附过程影响小,增加捕收剂在菱锌矿和白云石表面的吸附差异,导致菱锌矿与白云石的可浮性差异。     

A review of hematite flotation using 12-carbon chain collectors

A sample of naturally occurring, relatively pure hematite (98.5% Fe₂O₃) was used as a model for the study of the flotation of insoluble metal oxides. The isoelectric point of this sample was 2.7 and the point of zero charge was 6.7. A number of surfactants containing saturated 12-carbon chain groups were used as collectors over a wide range in pH.The flotation of this hematite with dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) showed a maximum recovery in the pH range 6–8.5, a sudden drop at pH 9, and a steady increase in recovery as the pH was raised from 9–12. The flotation of the hematite using potassium dodecyl hydroxamate showed a maximum recovery at pH 5.5, with little flotation at pH <3. AtpH >10, the recovery fell except at high additions of collector. The flotation of hematite using sodium dodecyl sulphate showed a high recovery for pH <6, a trough in recovery between pH 7 and 9, and a secondary maximum in recovery at pH 10. Different flotation behaviour was observed when sodium dodecyl benzyl sulphonate was used. Using ARMAC C, (a commercially available dodecyl ammonium acetate), a flotation maximum was observed at pH 8, with steadily decreasing recovery as the pH was raised or lowered from this value. These results are discussed in terms of the surface chemistry of the hematite and the solution chemistry of the various collectors used.     

组合捕收剂浮选菱锌矿的分子头基尺寸响应

通过单矿物浮选、动电位测试以及荧光探针检测对比研究了不同头基尺寸捕收剂组合油酸钠/十二胺和油酸钠/溴代十六烷基吡啶在菱锌矿表面的吸附特性及其对矿物浮选行为的影响。单一捕收剂体系浮选试验结果表明,3种捕收剂体系下,随着捕收剂浓度增加,矿物浮选回收率均呈现先增加后下降的趋势,油酸钠、溴代十六烷基吡啶、十二胺分别在pH值为5.8、8.4和10.1处达到最大回收率,3种捕收剂对菱锌矿的捕收能力顺序为油酸钠>溴代十六烷基吡啶>十二胺。混合捕收剂体系中,固定油酸钠浓度为2×10^-4 mol/L,加入适量的十二胺可以大幅促进矿物浮选,而加入溴代十六烷基吡啶几乎没有影响。动电位测试结果表明,在pH=6时经2×10^-4 mol/L 油酸钠溶液处理的菱锌矿表面电位为-30.5 mV,随着十二胺用量增加,已吸附油酸钠的菱锌矿表面电位逐渐上升,在十二胺浓度2×10^-4 mol/L时其表面动电位升高到接近菱锌矿在纯水中的动电位值22.3 mV,这是由于十二胺阳离子在已吸附了油酸钠阴离子的菱锌矿表面发生吸附; 而溴代十六烷基吡啶的加入对菱锌矿表面电位几乎没有影响,说明溴代十六烷基吡啶阳离子基本没有在矿物表面吸附,这与浮选试验结果一致。矿物表面微极性测试结果验证了上述推论,在此基础上给出了两种组合捕收剂在菱锌矿表面的吸附模型。     

A mixed collector system for phosphate flotation

Flotation has been used in industry for more than a half century as the primary technique for upgrading phosphate. While the flotation of phosphate was inefficient when oleic acid was used alone as a collector, therefore a mixed collector of oleic acid (HOl), linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (LNA) was employed to improve the recovery of phosphate flotation. The batch flotation results showed that the optimal composition of the mixed collector was 54 wt.% HOl, 36 wt.% LA and 10 wt.% LNA. Additionally, the effect of pH on the mixed collector application was studied while considering the surface tension, contact angle and micro-flotation. The results showed that the mixed collector should be used at a pH of 9.5. Above a pH of 9.5, the adsorption of fatty acids dimers on the apatite surface hindered phosphate flotation. The influence of the mixed collector assembly on apatite flotation was also investigated. It was demonstrated that due to its low critical micelle concentration, a sufficiently hydrophobic apatite surface could be generated at a collector concentration of 60 mg/L. In addition, zeta potential experiments suggested that collector adsorption was governed by chemisorption. FTIR and XPS spectra studies further indicated that the chemical reaction involved the carboxyl groups of fatty acids and Ca species at the apatite surface for each fatty acid in the mixed collector.     

细粒锡石选矿技术研究进展及展望

锡石密度大,重选为锡石回收的传统选矿工艺,同时锡石性脆易碎,磨矿过程容易发生过粉碎,微细粒嵌布锡石采用重选方法回收时,锡回收率低,而浮选的有效回收下限粒度较重选低,成为微细粒锡石有效回收的重要方法之一。总结了目前锡石选矿技术的研究现状,着重论述了锡石浮选药剂、浮选新技术、锡石浮选机理等方面的研究进展。锡石浮选捕收剂主要有水杨氧肟酸、苯乙烯膦酸、油酸等;常用抑制剂主要有水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、木质素磺酸钙(GF)、草酸等脉石抑制剂;浮选机理研究主要集中于浮选药剂在锡石表面吸附机理的探索,药剂与矿物表面的吸附形式主要为化学吸附;锡石浮选新技术主要有电浮选、载体浮选、选择性絮凝浮选、剪切—絮凝浮选、溶气浮选等。针对细粒锡石展开系统的浮选技术研究,对提高锡石资源利用率,使我国锡石的资源优势转变成产业优势,满足经济发展对锡资源日益增长的需求,具有重要的现实意义和广阔的应用前景。     

The development of a composite collector for the flotation of rutile

A study was carried out to find a replacement for benzyl arsenic acid (BAA) that was used in the rutile flotation circuit of a hard rock rutile mine in China. Several types of oxide collectors were tested, including sodium oleate, sodium laurate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, amino acids, diphosphonic acid and styryl phosphonic acid. It was found that styryl phosphonic acid (SPA) was the most effective, and that an aliphatic alcohol (e.g., octanol) was required to maintain the effectiveness of SPA.However, octanol was insoluble in water. The composite collector that was mixed with SPA and octanol had to be well emulsified before addition to flotation pulp. Poorly emulsified composite collectors destroyed flotation froths. Several surfactants were tested as emulsifiers and one was found to have the least adverse effects on the selectivity of the composite collector. By using the composite collector that contained SPA, octanol and the emulsifier, a rutile rougher concentrate assaying 71.3% TiO₂ was floated at 81.6% recovery from a feed containing 8.78% Ti0₂ in a single stage rougher flotation.     

羟肟酸（钠）体系中微细粒赤铁矿的浮选行为

通过单矿物浮选试验研究了羟肟酸体系和羟肟酸钠体系中微细粒赤铁矿的浮选行为,结果发现：常温和自然pH下,两种捕收剂对微细粒赤铁矿的捕收能力都较弱,回收率分别只能达到44.00%和52.42%;加温或调整pH对改善羟肟酸的浮选效果作用不大或反而起反作用,但可使羟肟酸钠对微细粒赤铁矿的回收率分别提高10.68和4.20个百分点,此外,若在加药完毕后继续搅拌调浆一段时间,也可较大幅度地提高羟肟酸钠对微细粒赤铁矿的回收率。在此基础上进一步考察了羟肟酸钠体系中六偏磷酸钠、硅酸钠、焦磷酸钠、淀粉、腐植酸钠这5种抑制剂对微细粒赤铁矿可浮性的影响,结果表明,5种抑制剂均可产生较强的抑制作用,其抑制能力的强弱排序为焦磷酸钠＞硅酸钠＞六偏磷酸钠＞淀粉＞腐植酸钠。     

浮选方法提高三水铝石铝硅比的研究

以印尼的三水铝石型铝土矿为原料,氧化石蜡皂和塔尔油作为捕收剂,碳酸钠、水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠等作为调整剂,通过磨矿细度、捕收剂和调整剂用量、浮选浓度等多因素条件试验,探讨正浮选方法提高三水铝石铝硅比的影响因素和适宜工艺条件。试验结果表明,当磨矿细度75％-200目时,碳酸钠用量4 000 g／t、水玻璃2kg／t、六偏磷酸钠250 g／t、捕收剂用量700 g／t、浮选矿浆浓度28．57％,精矿回收率达到63．49％,精矿铝硅比达到11．18。     

Flotation and adsorption of mixed cationic/anionic collectors on muscovite mica

The adsorption of dodecylamine acetate (DAA), sodium oleate (NaOL) and DAA–NaOL mixtures on muscovite mica were investigated through flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, and pyrene fluorescence tests. The results show that the muscovite mica has a negative charge over the pH range 2–12. The muscovite mica did not float in the presence of NaOL alone. However, the recovery of muscovite mica ranged from ca. 80% (at pH 2) to 50% (at pH 11) using DDA alone. In the presence of mixed DAA–NaOL, recovery ranged from ca. 80% (at pH 2) to 90% (at pH 11). The individual cationic collectors DAA can be adsorbed strongly onto the muscovite mica, but no significant adsorption of anionic collectors NaOL can be detected by zeta potential measurements. In the mixed systems, the adsorption of both the cationic and anionic collectors are enhanced due to co-adsorption. The presence of NaOL in the mixture decreases the electrostatic head–head repulsion between the surface and ammonium ions and increases the lateral tail–tail hydrophobic bonds. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to further investigate the adsorption of DDA, NaOL, and DAA–NaOL on the (0 0 1) basal planes of muscovite using Materials Studio 5.0 program. The conclusions drawn from theoretical computations are in good agreement with experimental results.