海产食品微纳塑料污染现状与危害

近年来塑料对海洋环境的污染与日俱增。其中,微纳塑料碎片对海洋环境和动植物群落造成的危害,成为国际科学界的研究热点。许多商业上重要的海洋食材和食品,如甲壳类、双壳类、鱼类常常被微纳塑料污染,而微纳粒子表面通常吸附着有毒化学物质或者致病微生物,这些微纳粒子及有害物质可通过食物链富集于人体,对食品安全和人类健康构成了潜在威胁。本文主要对近年来海产品中微纳塑料污染状况及其危害的研究结果进行综述,为未来相关研究和食品安全管理提供借鉴。微纳塑料污染未来的研究重点应集中在3个方面,一是研究方法需创新并标准化,二是微纳塑料对人体健康的危害需进行全面深入的研究,三是加强微纳塑料危害食品安全的预防控制措施研究。     

食品基质中微纳米塑料分离提取及质谱表征的研究进展

微纳米塑料是广泛存在的污染物。微小的粒径使其极易通过食物链富集于人体, 对人类健康造成潜在威胁。针对食品中微纳米塑料的高效、高灵敏度分离及表征方法是目前食品安全、分析化学等领域的研究热点。本文分析总结了从食品基质中分离提取微纳米塑料方法(密度浮选、膜分离、化学消解), 并对不同质谱技术(热分析耦合质谱法、单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱、飞行时间二次离子质谱、基质辅助激光解吸离子化质谱、电喷雾质谱)表征微纳米塑料的优势及局限性展开了系统的综述, 旨在为食品基质中微纳米塑料高效表征的深入研究和食品质量与安全控制提供技术参考。     

食品接触塑料中初级芳香胺检测方法研究进展

初级芳香胺是一类毒性较强的致癌物质,可通过皮肤、胃肠道和呼吸道进入人体,导致机体细胞的DNA功能和结构发生变化,严重者可引发人体输尿管癌、肾癌、膀胱癌等恶性疾病。塑料作为一种常见的食品接触材料,广泛用于食品包装、食品工具等。食品接触塑料中残留的初级芳香胺会在与食品接触的过程中向食品迁移,由此对食品安全和人身健康造成威胁。本文对国内外食品接触塑料中初级芳香胺的检测标准与相关的法规进行了对比,重点综述了近几年所报道的在食品接触塑料中初级芳香胺检测方法,包括高效液相色谱法、气相色谱.质谱法和液相色谱一质谱法等;对各种方法的前处理、仪器条件及优缺点等进行了分析;同时展望了食品接触塑料中初级芳香胺检测方法的发展趋势,以期为相关科技工作者提供参考。     

可降解塑料在食品相关产品方面的应用及质量安全要求

可降解塑料作为“限塑令”大环境下的替代品, 在食品相关产品领域受到越来越多的关注。本文总结了国内外塑料监管要求、可降解塑料的分类、在食品相关产品方面的应用及相关国家标准的质量安全要求, 综述了不同种类可降解塑料在食品相关产品方面的应用及优缺点, 建议生产企业在关注可降解塑料耐热性、气体阻隔性、成本及机械性能方面的同时, 也需要更多地关注这些材料在食品安全上的风险评估, 使可降解塑料更好地应用于食品相关产品。     

把食品配料技术用于食品接触塑材(摘要)

近年来,欧洲和北美也面临各种严重的食品安全问题.欧盟制定了食品接触塑材的法规,以回应该领域的主管部门提出的让公众得到足够的保护的要求,防止化学物质从接触食品的塑料材料中迁移出来,危害公众健康或影响食品质量.     

食品安全与食品添加剂及食品包装的关系(待续)

非食品添加剂滥用的始作涌者——欧洲,从20世纪上百年到21世纪之初一直作崇,揭露了中国对非食品添加剂亦步亦趋,变本加厉,危害食品安全的问题。转而切入食品添加剂在食品安全和食品"色、香、味"方面的重要性,包括色素、表面活性剂及其他化学品的正确选用。食品安全与塑料外包装以及新兴的外卖相关,并导致塑料成为垃圾灾害,引起社会的极大忧虑。     

海洋生物中微塑料的检测与危害研究进展

海洋中的微塑料(或称中微塑料)是外形尺寸小于5 mm的所有塑料的统称。微塑料广泛存在于各大海域中,已经成为一种全球海洋生态环境体系中影响较大的新型污染物。海洋生物也受到了微塑料的污染,严重影响了海洋食品安全。本文从含有微塑料的海洋生物种类、微塑料的提取、微塑料表观特征、微塑料的无损鉴定方法 4个方面,对国内外微塑料检测方面研究进展进行总结和梳理,同时对微塑料对海洋生物造成的危害进行了总结,针对现有阶段微塑料检测标准无法统一的问题,提出了未来研究的主要方向。     

食品物流中存在的食品安全问题及对策

食品安全问题一直是人们关注的焦点问题, 因为其直接关系到人们的生存和健康发展。食品物流中的食品安全问题也越来越受到关注, 大部分研究主要从食品的腐败变质、污染等因素分析食品物流中存在的食品安全问题, 而对物流环节中可能引发的食品安全问题的研究较少。本文主要从为食品物流操作环节、冷链物流、物流信息化及技术投入4方面分析了食品物流中存在的食品安全问题, 分析了问题的原因, 并从完善法律法规、加强食品物流企业管理、建立完备冷链物流体系、提升信息化程度和加强技术投入方面提出了解决问题的对策, 以期为丰富食品物流中食品安全问题的相关理论, 解决食品安全问题提供参考。     

不锈钢滤膜可用于饮用水微塑料的检测

正截至2015年,全球共产生63亿t塑料废物,不足9%被回收,12%被焚化,约79%的塑料废物进入垃圾填埋场或散落在环境中,成为次级微塑料的重要来源。微塑料在自然环境(如水、土壤、空气)中广泛存在,有报道称在人为环境如食品、衣物、工业喷漆、饮用水、茶包中检出微塑料,甚至从低级浮游生物到人的各级生物体中也有检出。微塑料是指粒径小于5mm的塑料碎片、颗粒或者纤维。世界卫生组织(WHO)对饮用水中微塑料的健康风险进行了首次审查,认为根据目前掌握的有限信息,当前饮用水中微塑料水平尚未构成健康风险。而最近有研究显示,     

塑料食品接触材料中非有意添加物检测方法研究进展

食品接触材料(Food contact materials, FCMs) 与食品安全密切相关。FCMs能有效保护食品,防止其腐败变质,但在生产过程中可能会由于一些原因引发食品安全问题,其中从FCMs中迁移出的非有意添加物(non intentionally added substance,NIAS)成为影响食品安全的重要因素而引起社会各界的广泛关注。由于NIAS非常复杂,且相当数量未知,其检测成为我国乃至全球食品接触材料安全评价的关键点及难点。在这篇综述中,以塑料食品接触材料和NIAS为主,介绍塑料材料中的NIAS来源、种类、国内外相关法律法规、近年来研究现状以及分析方法,最后对NIAS检测以及Orbitrap高分辨质谱检测技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Microplastics in coastal areas and seafood: implications for food safety

Microplastics have become ubiquitous in the marine environment. Microplastics have been detected in many coastal environments and species, including commercial seafood. This triggers concern about potential economic impacts and the risks of dietary exposure, especially for coastal communities. However, data regarding the levels of microplastics in coastal seafood and their toxicological effects are still limited. Accordingly, the dietary risk is still poorly explored. This review summarizes and discusses recent scientific findings on (i) the presence of microplastics in coastal waters, (ii) the occurrence of microplastics in coastal seafood and the likelihood of trophic transfer, and (iii) the effects of microplastics on coastal fish and shellfish species. Human toxicity data are also reviewed, but the risks for human health are difficult to determine due to limited data. Based on available worldwide data, the estimation of microplastics intake through seafood consumption shows a huge variation. Additionally, a lack of standardized analytical methods complicates the comparison of results between studies and therefore seriously affects the reliability of risk assessments. It is concluded that more exposure and toxicity data are needed properly to assess human health risks of microplastics in coastal seafood, and the lack of data currently impede the derivation of a risk-based food safety standard. The pros and cons of an interim solution, i.e. setting a provisional action level, are being discussed.     

Microplastic in bottled natural mineral water – literature review and considerations on exposure and risk assessment

ABSTRACT

Microplastics have been ubiquitously found and identified in aquatic and terrestrial environments for several years. Due to their occurrence in the oceans, microplastics were also found and characterised in seafood products and in other foods and beverages such as beer, honey and table salt. Very recently, microplastic particles were also determined in bottled mineral water. The objective of this publication is to present and discuss a compilation of the currently available literature data on microplastics in bottled mineral water. The related oral exposure of the consumer from substances present in microplastics and from the plastics particles themselves is estimated and toxicological arguments for and considerations on risk assessment from the consumption of bottled mineral water containing microplastics are presented. Exposure estimations based on the reported microplastic amounts found in mineral water and the assumption of total mass transfer of small molecules like additives and oligomers present in the plastic would not raise a safety concern. Available toxicokinetic data suggests that marginal fraction of the ingested low amount of microplastics can be absorbed, if at all, the conclusion is very likely that the reported amounts present in bottled mineral water do not raise a safety concern for the consumer. Considering the use of plastic materials in our daily life, occurrence of microplastics in beverages is likely a minor exposure pathway for plastic particles. Due to recent progress in analytical methods and the public discussion on plastics marine litter, public concern about eating and drinking microplastics with food, and related safety issues was raised. However, a better data basis for exposure estimates and risk assessment would be very helpful to better accommodate consumer concerns. The intention of this paper is to deliver a contribution to this topic taking the bottled mineral water as a case example.     

全球食品和饲料链中生物毒素早期预警、监测和毒性评估的挑战和解决方案（网络首发、推荐阅读）

确保世界人口不断增长下的食品供应安全和保障是巨大和紧迫的需求。然而,全球农业和食品行业仍易受植物、藻类,尤其是真菌产生的生物毒素污染问题的挑战;随着全球变暖和极端天气事件频发,这些有毒代谢产物的发生愈发难以预测。为了提升食品和饲料链中生物毒素的预警、监测和毒性评估方法,总结在各个科学领域和方法中创新所需的多学科、多部门互补能力,具体包括使用卫星和无人机成像的大数据方法、便携式监测设备以及使用蛋白质组学和转录组学对（新兴）生物毒素进行（联合）毒性测试。     

海产品对有机锡的富集及有机锡降解研究进展

有机锡化合物是由于人为活动引入到海洋环境中毒性最大的化学物质之一,极低浓度下即可引起海洋生物的性畸变,还可通过食物链对人类健康产生威胁。本文概述了近年来海产品对有机锡的富集和有机锡降解研究的成果,为海洋环境中有机锡风险评价和海产品食用安全评价提供科学依据,同时对于控制海洋污染,保护海洋生物资源,保障人类健康具有重要的意义。     

The melamine adulteration scandal

Melamine, a nitrogen-rich chemical, has received much attention in recent years owing to a series of highly publicized food safety incidents. These include pet food recalls in North America in 2007 and the deaths of six infants and the illness of some 300,000 more in China in 2008 owing to the adulteration of milk, infant formula, and other milk-derived products. With contamination of human food and animal feed by melamine becoming a serious public health concern owing to its wide dissemination, there is an urgent need to understand why this scandal occurred and its consequences in depth. This review summarizes information relating to the manufacture, uses, occurrence and quantitative analysis of melamine and melamine analogues. Other sections deal with the unfolding of the melamine scandal and its aftermath, the toxicity and carcinogenicity of the compound and its analogues, interim safety measures and risk assessment.     

纳米材料在食源性致病菌检测的研究进展

食品安全问题已经成为全球研究热点问题之一,其中由食源性致病菌引起的食源性疾病频发,对公众健康和财产造成重大的影响。近年来,人们的食品安全意识呈显著增强趋势,食源性致病菌引起的食品安全问题引起了广泛关注。纳米材料具有高灵敏度、高选择性、便携性和低成本等优点,越来越广泛地应用于食源性致病菌的检测,逐渐能够取代传统的检测方式。因此,本文结合近些年国内外的纳米材料在食源性致病菌检测中的研究,综述了不同类型的纳米材料用于检测食源性致病菌的检测原理及其应用。此外,本文讨论了该领域中的研究挑战和前景,以期为今后食品安全提供保障,及时发现不合格、不健康、不安全的食品中的食源性致病菌。     

AIEgens: An emerging fluorescent sensing tool to aid food safety and quality control

As a global public health problem, food safety has attracted increasing concern. To minimize the risk exposure of food to harmful ingredients, food quality and safety inspection that covers the whole process of “from farm to fork” is much desired. Fluorescent sensing is a promising and powerful screening tool for sensing hazardous substances in food and thus plays a crucial role in promoting food safety assurance. However, traditional fluorphores generally suffer the problem of aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect, which limit their application in food quality and safety inspection. In this regard, luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission property (AIEgens) showed large potential in food analysis since AIEgens effectively surmount the ACQ effect with much better detection sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness. In this contribution, we review the latest developments of food safety monitoring by AIEgens, which will focus on the molecular design of AIEgens and their sensing principles. Several examples of AIE‐based sensing applications for screening food contaminations are highlighted, and future perspectives and challenges in this emerging field are tentatively elaborated. We hope this review can motivate new research ideas and interest to aid food safety and quality control, and facilitate more collaborative endeavors to advance the state‐of‐the‐art sensing developments and reduce actual translational gap between laboratory research and industrial production.     

热加工食品中呋喃的研究进展

从当前备受关注的食品安全问题出发,较为全面地介绍了热加工食品中污染物呋喃的发现呋喃的毒理学。以及其形成途径和检测方法等方面的研究进展,并对上述研究进展进行了简要的分析和评述。