炭质泥岩单轴加载RFPA~(2D)数值模拟

通过数值模拟软件RFPA~(2D)对炭质泥岩单轴加载的力学行为进行研究。在单轴加载条件下分别模拟了岩石破坏过程、岩石凯瑟效应、不同尺寸对岩石破坏的影响。研究表明:单轴加载条件下,岩石的破坏过程与声发射情况相对应;用数值模拟验证了岩石的Kaiser效应;针对岩石不同尺寸的影响,采用高径比为2的标准试样进行模拟,发现150 mm×300 mm是岩石强度的分界点。     

基于离散元方法的花岗岩单轴压缩破裂过程的声发射特性

结合花岗岩单轴压缩下声发射特性室内试验,采用颗粒流数值模拟试验,对加载过程中声发射特性进行了监测,探讨了单轴压缩下的荷载大小与声发射累积数的变化关系,分析了峰值强度前割线模量的变化规律。研究结果发现：加载过程中,试件内部最早出现剪切裂纹,随着颗粒单元内部应力增加,逐渐出现拉伸裂纹;单轴压缩不同荷载阶段对应了4个不同的声发射释放阶段,峰值强度后期出现大量振铃,且累积数较峰值强度前的累积数高;试件的弹性模量变化幅度随模拟时间步增大而逐渐降低,于某特定值浮动。研究成果可为岩石声发射特征研究提供参考。     

基于尺寸效应的岩石声发射时空特性数值模拟

为研究不同大小尺寸岩石破坏过程中的声发射时空分布和演化规律及其对岩石破坏过程声发射的影响,以某矿山岩石力学参数为依据,利用数值软件对相同高径比、不同大小尺寸的6组岩样进行试验研究。试验表明当岩样尺寸小时,大的声发射事件主要出现在岩样大破裂贯通前后,声发射在岩样中从当初的随机性分布,到过峰值载荷之后大量集聚在岩样中部。试样尺寸较大时,未达到峰值应力前声发射较少出现,且分布弥散,大的声发射事件仅在峰值载荷后出现1次,其能量和数量均是声发射历史上最显著的,在试样中两处聚集成核,这与不同尺寸岩样内部包含不同缺陷强度离散性有密切关系。     

浸水时间对饱水岩石损伤破坏过程中声发射特征影响的试验

为研究不同浸水时间饱水岩石损伤破坏过程中的力学特性和声发射特征,对天然及不同浸水时间的饱水闪长岩进行单轴压缩力学试验和声发射试验,研究单轴应力状态下其力学特性和声发射特征,结合累积声发射数与损伤变量一致的观点,建立了基于浸水时间的饱水岩石声发射损伤模型。结果表明:饱水岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随浸水时间的增加呈指数的变化规律逐渐减小,浸水60 d后其值均趋于稳定;在加载的各个阶段不同浸水时间的饱水岩样均有声发射事件产生,声发射事件率与岩样的应力-应变关系趋势均具有较好的一致性;声发射累积数的变化规律与岩样内部损伤演化规律具有一致性。     

平行裂隙砂岩破坏和声发射特性数值研究

为了研究加载速率对裂隙砂岩破坏特征和声发射响应的影响,利用RFPA2D数值模拟软件对单轴压缩条件下的预制平行裂纹砂岩进行模拟,分析不同加载速度下的力学特性、声发射响应特性和裂纹演化规律。结果表明:随着加载速率的增加,平行裂隙砂岩峰值强度、峰值应变、岩桥破裂强度和岩桥破裂应变都相应增大;峰值声发射计数也随着加载速率的增加而增大;当加载速率较小时,声发射信号较为丰富,试样破裂以沿预制裂纹扩展的剪切破坏为主,当加载速率较大时,声发射信号更加集中于破裂瞬间,最终的主裂纹为与加载方向平行的张拉裂纹。     

双轴加载下花岗岩破裂过程声发射b值特征研究

基于声发射定位技术和声发射事件震级算法,对在双轴加载条件下岩石破裂声发射b值变化规律进行试验研究。研究结果表明：双轴加载试验中,岩样声发射b值变化规律与单轴加载b值变化规律相似,先随应力增大而增大,之后随应力增大而减小;侧向压力的变化对声发射b值均值的大小影响不明显,但对加载过程中b值的波动范围有明显影响;随着侧向压力的增大,声发射b值峰值出现在较低应力区间,与单轴加载试样破坏前才出现b值下降规律不同,双轴加载岩石的b值变化规律应充分考虑侧向压力的影响,这对应用b值预报双轴加载条件下岩石的破坏具有重要意义。     

不同加载速率下石灰岩与砂岩的声发射特征试验研究#br#

通过RMT 150b岩石力学刚性伺服机进行了不同加载速率的单轴压缩声发射试验,测试和分析了变形破坏过程中石灰岩和砂岩的声发射特性。结果表明：当加载速率增大时,强度为148.89~202.02 MPa的高强度石灰岩的单轴抗压极限强度和振铃计数极值均先增后减,而振铃计数频率先减后增;强度为77.52~94.59 MPa的低强度砂岩的单轴抗压极限强度随速率增大而减小,振铃计数极值先减后增,低速率时声发射活动在岩石损伤阶段活跃,振铃计数频率高且分布均匀,高速率时振铃计数易突增,振铃计数频率降低且分布不均。声发射能量则与振铃计数变化规律一致。研究结果对于利用声发射监测技术预测矿井围岩的失稳破坏具有一定意义。     

不同加载速率下石灰岩与砂岩的声发射特征试验研究

通过RMT-150b岩石力学刚性伺服机进行了不同加载速率的单轴压缩声发射试验,测试和分析了变形破坏过程中石灰岩和砂岩的声发射特性。结果表明:当加载速率增大时,强度为148.89～202.02 MPa的高强度石灰岩的单轴抗压极限强度和振铃计数极值均先增后减,而振铃计数频率先减后增;强度为77.52～94.59 MPa的低强度砂岩的单轴抗压极限强度随速率增大而减小,振铃计数极值先减后增,低速率时声发射活动在岩石损伤阶段活跃,振铃计数频率高且分布均匀,高速率时振铃计数易突增,振铃计数频率降低且分布不均。声发射能量则与振铃计数变化规律一致。研究结果对于利用声发射监测技术预测矿井围岩的失稳破坏具有一定意义。     

不同加载速率下深部砂岩的声发射与破裂响应特征

为探究深部砂岩破裂演化特征与加载速率的相关性,开展了3种加载速率下的单轴压缩声发射监测试验,深入分析了加载速率对深部砂岩微破裂集聚成核机制和多类型破裂源演化特征的影响。研究结果表明,在不同加载速率下,深部砂岩的声发射参数(声发射计数与幅度)曲线的演化趋势具有一致性,随着加载速率的增加,声发射累计计数与累计幅度呈现减小的趋势;试样在不同加载速率下的时空演化特征具有一定的相似性,在不同的变形阶段,岩样内部多类型破裂源的占比不尽相同,在裂纹扩展阶段前,多类型破裂源占比情况受加载速率的影响较小,当岩样进入裂纹稳定扩展阶段后,随着加载速率的提高,剪切型破裂源占比趋于减小,张拉型与压缩型破裂源占比趋于增加;不同加载速率下岩样的声发射矩震级与频次关系均服从正态分布规律,声发射b值随着加载速率的增加逐渐减小,声发射矩震级中值随着加载速率的增加呈缓慢增加的趋势,加载速率可以增大试样内部破裂源的整体强度。     

加载速率影响下裂隙细砂岩力学特性试验研究

天然岩石含多种原生缺陷,受工程扰动影响易促使载荷速率发生变化,为确保岩体工程的稳定性,需对加载速率及裂隙影响下的岩石力学特性进行研究。以均质细砂岩试样为研究对象,试样中央预制0°～90°贯通裂隙,通过单轴压缩试验和声发射试验研究加载速率影响下的裂隙砂岩力学性质变化规律。结果表明:相同裂隙倾角下,试样的抗压强度、峰值应变以及弹性模量均与加载速率呈正相关关系;加载速率对岩石力学性质的强化效应具有区间性,低数量级时加载速率的作用程度明显高于高数量级时。砂岩试样的力学性质受控于裂隙倾角α,随着α的增加,试样峰值强度先增加后减小,并在α=15°时达到最低值。声发射计数特征能够准确反映砂岩试样的破坏过程,岩石加载过程中,声发射计数经历"剧烈-平静-剧烈"的过程,且随着加载速率的增加,加载前期尤其是峰值强度前记录到的明显声发射事件数降低。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586