海产小杂鱼抗氧化肽制备工艺

以海产小杂鱼为原料,分别测定风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶酶切小杂鱼所得酶解液的羟自由基清除率,结果表明中性蛋白酶的酶解液羟自由基清除率最高,并且氨基态氮含量较高。以中性蛋白酶为试验用酶,通过正交试验L9(34)得到制备小杂鱼抗氧化肽最佳酶解条件为反应pH7.0、料液比1:2、加酶量500U/g、反应温度42℃,所得的酶解液对羟自由基清除率高达95%以上。Sephadex G75凝胶分离结果显示海产小杂鱼抗氧化肽混合物主要由分子质量低于3000D的肽类组成。     

Distribution of Mercury in Three Marine Fish Species

The aim of this study was to compare distribution of the total mercury (THg) content in three marine fish species: European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) and Res scorpionfish (Scorpaena scrofa). Samples were collected from the Serbian market during 2014 and analysed by applying inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The THg content in analysed fish samples was between 0.017 mg/kg and 0.108 mg/kg and significant differences (p < 0.05) in THg content was established only between Gilt-head bream and Res scorpionfish. The estimated weekly intakes of THg through fish consumption were several times lower than the established value.     

Protein-Protein Interaction of Fish Myosin Fragments

Protein-protein interaction of myosin fragments from flying fish and white marlin muscles was studied by means of absorbance changes resulting from aggregation at temperatures of 20°C to 70°C. Subfragment-1 (S-1) exhibited a high extent of interaction with the transition temperature of 35–36°C, while the interaction of heavy meromyosin (HMM) was very weak. Though light meromyosin (LMM) gave lower interaction values throughout the heating temperature, the addition of butanol promoted markedly the interactions at the temperature above 50°C. The degree of promotion was high for flying fish and low for white marlin.     

Solubilization of Fish Muscle Myosin by Sorbitol

Sugars and their reduced forms decreased the turbidity of myofibril suspension in a concentration dependent relation. The extent of turbidity decrease was compound specific; glucose sorbitol lactitol = lactose=maltitol. Turbidity decreasing effect of sugars correlated well with the number of hydroxyl groups. Sorbitol reduced the NaCl concentration required for solubilization of myofibrils. Moreover, filament formation by myosin was strongly inhibited by sorbitol.     

海产品加工副产品中的生物活性物质

海产品加工副产品中含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸等营养成分,可制成各种天然的功能食品。本文介绍了这些活性物质及其潜在的功用。     

6种野生鱼肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为探讨同一水域生长野生鱼的营养成分,采用生化分析方法对密云水库鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）、青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus）、翘嘴鲌（Erythroculter ilishaeformis）和鳊鱼（Parabramis pekinensis）肌肉的常规营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行分析。结果表明,青鱼粗蛋白含量最高（21.25%）,鲫鱼含量最低（17.70%）;翘嘴鲌粗脂肪含量最高（5.73%）,鳊鱼含量最低（1.18%）。6种鱼富含矿物质K、Na、Ca、Mg、P及Fe、Mn、Zn、Se,为优质的高钾低钠膳食来源。人体必需氨基酸均占氨基酸总量的40.00%以上,鲜味氨基酸占37.53%~39.21%,谷氨酸含量均为最高。鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼、青鱼、翘嘴鲌和鳊鱼肌肉中分别检出22、17、20、22、24和19种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量差异较大。结果表明6种鱼均为优良的蛋白质来源,氨基酸组成合理,有益矿物质和脂肪酸丰富,营养价值高。     

海洋鱼源抗菌肽的研究进展及其在食品安全中的应用前景

抗生素过度使用所导致日益严重的耐药性威胁已成为制约食品工业可持续发展的障碍,而海洋鱼类中存在具有广谱抗微生物活性的抗菌肽,其或将成为最佳的新型抗生素替代物.因此,从海洋鱼类中发现更多活性丰富的抗菌肽,并探索其在食品安全领域应用的相关研究成为热点.本文综述了海洋鱼源抗菌肽的结构、生物活性及作用机制的研究进展,并展望了...     

Fish Myosin Fragments Solubility and ANS-Fluorescence Intensity Affected by n-Butanol

Changes in the solubility and 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonate (ANS)-fluorescence intensity of oval filefish, tilapia, and black marlin myo-sins and their fragments by n-butanol were examined in connection with myosin gel-forming abilities. The thermal gel-forming abilities of myosins were greatly enhanced by the addition of 0.3–0.8M n-butanol. KC1 concentration-solubility curves revealed that after n-butanol addition a marked decrease in the solubility was observed for myosins and S-1s, whereas there was a slight decrease for rods. The fluorescence intensity of myosins-ANS in the presence of n-butanol increased markedly by heating at 30° and 35°C. A similar increase in the fluorescence intensity occurred in all S-ls-ANS, but not in rods.     

淡水鱼加工下脚料速酿低盐鱼露的工艺研究

对利用淡水鱼加工下脚料制备低盐鱼露的速酿工艺进行研究。结果表明低盐淡水鱼露发酵最适条件为：加盐量8%、加酶量0.25%、温度45℃、固液比为1:0.75。制得的鱼露产品固形物含量19.43%,游离态含基酸氮含量0.73g/100ml。鱼露呈橙红色;透明,无悬浮物和沉淀物;具固有香味,无异臭味;口感咸鲜,入口滑爽。研究表明,在外加酶和保温的情况下实现了淡水鱼加工下脚料速酿低盐鱼露的目的。     

Fish Myosin Aggregation as Affected by Freezing and Initial Physical State

ABSTRACT: Fish myosin obtained from Tilapia nilotica was solubilized in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, with 0.6 M KCl (solution model system), or suspended without salt (suspension model system). Changes in % soluble protein, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, and total and reactive -SH groups during frozen storage were evaluated. Frozen induced aggregation of fish myosin showed different behavior depending upon its initial physicochemical state. When myosin was solubilized prior to frozen storage, head-to-head interactions seemed to be more involved in protein aggregation with a strong participation of disulfide bonds. On the contrary, a preferentially side-to-side mechanism might be involved in the aggregation of myosin upon suspension, with a minor interaction of -SH groups.     

利用海洋低值小杂鱼制备生物活性肽的研究

小肽是蛋白质降解过程中产生的中间产物,是由2～10个氨基酸片断组成的活性短肽物质.小肽物质因具有高吸收性、高转化率和免疫刺激作用,作为饲料添加剂应用于水产、畜禽饲料加工.试验进行了小肽制剂最佳酶解条件方面的研究.得到的主要工艺参数有:最佳酶解时间4 h,最适加酶量480 U/g,最适酶解温度50℃,最适酶解pH6.0,小肽的得率为10%,并利用层析柱分离得到小肽的初级产品     

Chemical Characterization of Liver Lipid and Protein from Cold-Water Fish Species

ABSTRACT:  The largest US harvests of marine fish for human consumption are from Alaska waters. Livers from these fish are combined with other fish offal and made into fish meal and oil or discarded. The purpose of this study was to characterize liver lipids and proteins from important commercial species including walleye pollock (WP), pink salmon (PS), Pacific halibut (PH), flat head sole (FS), and spiny head rock fish (RF), and underutilized species including arrow tooth flounder (AF) and big mouth sculpin (BS). Liver lipid content ranged from 50.3% in WP to 3.3% in PS. Protein content ranged from 7.7% in WP to 18.4% in BS. PS livers had the highest content of ω-3 fatty acids at 336 mg/g of oil and AF had the lowest content at 110 mg/g of oil. There were significant differences in the content of 9 amino acids with methionine and lysine values ranging from 2.66% to 3.43% and 7.19% to 9.45% of the total amino acids, respectively. Protein from the cold water marine fish livers was of high quality and the oils contained substantial quantities of ω-3 fatty acids. Fish livers had distinct chemical properties and can be used for the development of unique food ingredients.     

鱼肌球蛋白与腥味物质的结合作用研究

为了阐明花鲢鱼肌球蛋白与特征腥味物质的结合作用,构建肌球蛋白-腥味化合物作用体系,采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用、分子模拟、差示扫描量热法、拉曼光谱等技术研究肌球蛋白与腥味物质间的作用.结果表明,肌球蛋白与6种腥味物质间的结合能力随碳链长度及不饱和度的增加而显著增加,且1-辛烯-3-醇的结合能力显著低于醛类化合物;腥味物...     

罗非鱼鱼尾制备模拟鱼翅工艺

采用罗非鱼鱼尾为原料,对制备模拟鱼翅的技术进行了研究,以碱浓度、温度、时间和料液比为考察因素,取翅程度和柔韧性为考察指标,采用正交实验法对主要工艺参数进行优化.结果表明:酸碱均有利于模拟鱼翅的制备,最佳取翅工艺为:温度45℃,料液比1∶25,碱浓度0.15 mol/L,时间120mira最佳软化工艺为:冰乙酸浓度0.125 mol/L,温度45℃,时间120min,此工艺条件下制成的鱼翅与市场上的散鱼翅的品质非常相似.     

ω3-Fatty Acids in Some Fish Species from Turkey

ABSTRACT: The polyunsaturated ω3-fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, have positive effects against to cardiovascular diseases. This work was carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of the most popular fish from Turkey (mainly Istanbul area) and their nutritive values. Total lipid amounts and fatty acid compositions of 6 commonly consumed fish species were determined. Analyses of fatty acid methyl esters were performed by capillary gas chromatography. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1ω9) were the predominant saturated and monoenoic fatty acids. The predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids were eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6Ω3). European anchovy and European pilchard are concluded to be good dietary sources of ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases because of their high C20:5ω3 and C22:6ω3 content.     

鱼粉加工压榨液制备鱼鲜汁的工艺及品质分析

为实现鱼粉加工压榨液的高值化利用,在酶解鱼粉加工压榨液的基础上,利用单因素和正交试验,优化发酵制备鱼鲜汁的工艺条件,并通过理化检验及感官评定,对产品的品质进行评价。结果表明:发酵制备鱼鲜汁的最佳条件是:发酵温度40℃,加曲量9 g/100 mL,加盐量18 g/100 mL,发酵周期18 d。所制备的鱼鲜汁具有浓郁的酱香和鲜香风味,无其它不良风味,形态色泽等与市售鱼露相近。其氨基酸态氮、总氮和氨基酸的含量虽不及市售鱼露,但含盐量、生物胺含量显著低于市售鱼露,且牛磺酸含量较高,具有较好的营养安全性。试验结果表明,利用鱼粉加工压榨液发酵制备的鱼鲜汁可作为海鲜调味品基料,为提升鱼粉加工副产物综合利用提供了新的思路。     

双酶分步水解低值海洋鱼粉制备低聚肽的研究

为了得到更多的低聚肽,分析比较碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶等多种蛋白酶对低值海洋鱼粉的酶解效果,以水解度为指标,筛选出中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶为最佳水解酶,并通过响应曲面分析法优化酶解工艺。结果表明:最优酶解条件为:碱性蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶酶活力配比为6∶4先后加入,总加酶量为2 500 U/g,pH值为8时碱性蛋白酶酶解2h,p H值降为7时中性蛋白酶酶解3 h,酶解温度为50℃,该条件下水解度高达41.84%。     

纳米鱼骨对鲢鱼肌球蛋白凝胶性能的影响

本实验以鲢鱼骨为原料制成纳米鱼骨(nano-scaled fish bone,NFB)、微米鱼骨(micro-scaled fish bone,MFB),并以CaCl2为对照,将其加入至鲢鱼肌球蛋白中,通过静态流变学、动态流变学、表面疏水性分析以及活性巯基浓度和溶解度的测定,比较不同钙源对肌球蛋白凝胶性能的影响.结果表...     

鱼类低值副产物制备抗菌肽研究进展

目前,抗菌肽是解决传统抗生素导致的耐药性难题的重要候选材料,而鱼类副产物作为抗菌肽的重要潜在来源,受到越来越多的关注。该文综述鱼类低值副产物制备抗菌肽的研究现状,对抗菌肽的来源、生产方法、抗菌活性检测方法以及抗菌机制进行阐述,对鱼类低值副产物制备抗菌肽的未来研究方向提出展望,旨在为抗菌肽的研究和开发提供参考,促进鱼类低值副产物的高值化开发与利用。     

X射线检测海水鱼片中鱼刺

通过X光机设备参数优化、鱼刺分布规律总结及冷冻结合X光机技术3 个方面对X射线检测鱼刺效果进行研究。结果表明,大部分海产鱼片产品的最优检测参数为：电压范围30～45 kV、电流范围3 000～6 000 μA、亮度范围4～6;通过鱼刺分布规律总结,鱼片在冷冻状态下鱼刺的检出率均高于解冻状态下鱼刺检出率,且冷冻状态下人工读X射线图判断鱼刺更接近于实际情况。通过X光机设备参数优化、鱼刺分布规律总结的学习及冷冻结合X光机技术可改善图像质量和提高残留鱼刺检出率,改善水产品加工企业X光机检测人员的视觉感受并一定程度上解决海水冷冻鱼片产品鱼刺残留问题。