Immunodiagnostic preparations based on monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis

Highly sensitive diagnostic preparations for the detection of C. trachomatis by direct immunofluorescent and enzyme immunoassay techniques were obtained with the use monoclonal antibodies to C. trachomatis genus-specific polysaccharide antigen. The enzyme immunoassay diagnostic preparation permitted the detection of C. trachomatis in experimental specimens in a dose of 4-14 ng protein. The results of the primary clinical trial of the immunofluorescent preparation revealed that its effectiveness was not lower than that of similar foreign commercial preparations. The use of this diagnosticum for the study of clinical material obtained from 1,603 patients with different venereal diseases showed the presence of chlamydial contamination in 40.2% of the examined patients. The data thus obtained made it possible to recommend the newly developed immunofluorescent preparation for diagnosing infections caused by C. trachomatis.     

基于Langmuir理论的平衡吸附量预测模型

为了实现对吸附反应的平衡吸附量的预测,建立了平衡吸附量预测模型.以高岭土、蒙脱土这两种黏土矿物吸附Ca2+为例,验证其等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir吸附方程.在Langmuir吸附等温式的基础上,建立了平衡吸附量预测模型,该模型应用于单组分吸附反应的平衡吸附量的预测.通过实验对该模型进行了验证,模型的计算结果与实验结果可以较好地吻合,证明该模型的可靠性较高.     

Electrical conductivity of composite thick films based on powders of doped tin dioxide

Conclusions The electrical conductivity mechanism of doped tin dioxide composite films, which determines their resistivity temperature dependence, is connected with carrier transfer across thin interlayers of a glass phase and has small activation energies characteristic of jump or tunnel conductivity.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 12(264), pp. 65–69, December, 1984.     

One-step 2-minute test to detect typhoid-specific antibodies based on particle separation in tubes

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. Detection of anti-S. typhi antibodies in the patient is a useful diagnostic aid. Among the various methods developed over the years for this purpose, the Widal test, based on bacterial agglutination, has remained the most widely used, even though it is neither specific nor sensitive. Its popularity stems from the fact that it is simple to use and inexpensive. We describe a new test which also uses a simple one-step procedure but is more rapid and accurate than the Widal. The new test (TUBEX) detects anti-Salmonella O9 (both immunoglobulin M [IgM] and IgG) antibodies in patients by inhibiting the binding between an anti-O9 IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb) conjugated to colored latex particles and S. typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS) conjugated to magnetic latex particles. The reactants are mixed in a specially designed microtube for 2 min, and the result is read based on the resultant color of the supernatant following forced sedimentation of the magnetic beads. In the absence of inhibitory antibodies, there is a color change (from blue to red) due to cosedimentation of the indicator particles with the magnetic particles, whereas if these antibodies are present, they prevent such a change to a degree dependent on their concentration. Preliminary examination of TUBEX using the anti-O9 MAb and irrelevant MAbs as inhibitors revealed the test to be specific and reproducible, with an analytical sensitivity of 16 micrograms per ml of antibody. The reagents remained stable for at least 9 months when kept at 4 degrees C. In the examination of 16 stored sera obtained from 14 patients with proven cases of typhoid fever and 78 serum samples from 75 subjects without typhoid fever, TUBEX was found to be 100% sensitive and 100% specific. The nontyphoid group comprised 26 healthy blood donors, 30 antinuclear antibody (ANA)-negative patients, 9 ANA-positive patients, of whom 1 was positive for anti-DNA antibody, 4 typhus patients, and 6 septicemic patients. In addition, the sera obtained from 11 patients clinically diagnosed as having typhoid fever were all positive in the test. The TUBEX results correlated to some extent, albeit insignificantly (r = 0.38, P = 0.07), with those of an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) which used a similar detection format (inhibition) and reagents (S. typhi LPS and anti-O9 antibody). TUBEX correlated very well with ELISAs which detected anti-S. typhi LPS IgM (r = 0.58, P = 0.003) or IgG (r = 0.54, P = 0.006) antibodies from the typhoid patients. There was no correlation with the Widal test. The TUBEX test, if performed on slides (instead of tubes) or with soluble antigen (instead of antigen-conjugated magnetic beads), suffered significantly in sensitivity. Direct agglutination tests using LPS-conjugated indicator particles performed either on slides or in microwells also failed to detect antibodies from the majority of typhoid patients. Thus, TUBEX appears to be well designed and well suited for use in the laboratory or by the bedside as a simple, rapid aid to the routine diagnosis of typhoid fever.     

Identification of paramyxovirus-specific haemolysis-inhibiting antibodies separate from haemagglutinating-inhibiting and neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies. 2. NDV and mumps virus haemolysis-inhibiting antibodies

Egg-grown Newcastle disease (NDV) and mumps virus were used for preparation of rabbit hyperimmune sera against purified whole virus and projectionless virus particles. These sera and convalescent sera after natural NDV and mumps infections in chickens and human subjects, respectively, were studied in haemolysis-inhibition (HLI), haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) tests both before and after absorption with Tween 80-ether (TE) treated virus preparations. In addition, neutralization tests using the different sera were carried out. HI and NI antibodies and the major population of neutralizing antibodies in convalescent sera were removed by absorption with TE treated virus material without changing the titre of non-HI HLI antibodies. Rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against projectionless virus particles exhibited HLI antibody titres in marked excess of HI and NI antibody titres, whereas this was not found in sera against whole virus. Absorption with TE treated virus material resulted in removal of all demonstrable antibody activities in sera against whole virus. The corresponding absorption of sera against projectionless particles eliminated HI antibodies without changing the titre of non-Hi HLI antibodies. In rabbit hyperimmune sera, HI antibodies were of primary importance in neutralization tests. After addition of anti-gamma globulin to the test, an efficient neutralization was observed if mumps non-HI HLI antibodies were used whereas this was not found if NDV non-HI HLI antibodies were used.     

Identification and observational learning from films.

In 2 studies of 25 class rooms of 7th grade children, it was noted that viewers "identify themselves with the like-sexed leading character, in viewing a movie which included both a strong male and strong female lead. With respect to similarity of social class, however, viewers were more likely to choose the protagonist whose social class corresponded with the viewer's aspired social class, rather than his current objective status." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mechanical and corrosion characeristics of components based on iron powder with pyrolytic chrome films

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 1(337), pp. 84–88, January, 1991.     

Three monoclonal antibodies differentiate human from murine epidermis

In order to establish a set of epidermal species markers, normal human skin, murine skin and human skin transplanted to nude mice were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed to cell membrane-bound carbohydrates, a basement membrane component and a structure in the cell nucleus. Three epidermal species markers were identified. Two markers stained exclusively human epidermis: LH7.2 detects type VII collagen and stained the basement membrane of human epidermis in unfixed frozen sections, while LP4N stained cell nuclei in human epidermis in methanol-acetone-fixed frozen sections. The third marker, HH14, stained exclusively murine epidermis. HH14 defines the histo-blood group H carbohydrate antigen and stained spinous cell membranes of murine epidermis in both frozen and formalin-fixed sections.