溴化十六烷基吡啶对尿酸电化学行为的影响及测定

利用循环伏安法制备了银掺杂聚L-苯丙氨酸修饰电极,以尿酸为探针,研究了阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)对尿酸电化学行为的影响,建立了测定CPB的新方法。结果表明,随着溴化十六烷基吡啶浓度的增加,尿酸的峰电流降低。在最佳条件下,尿酸氧化峰电流的降低与CPB的浓度在1.00×10-8~1.00×10-5mol/L和1.00×10-5~1.00×10-4mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-9mol/L。方法用于自来水中CPB的测定,结果满意。     

应用离子选择电极研究近岸海水中氟含量及其分布

为了评价海滨环境,研究海水中氟的含量及其分布是重要的。本文报道用离子选择电极法研究连云港近岸海水中氟的含量及其分布。采用标准加入技术和电位滴定法测定了不同站位海水样品中氟含量和氯含量,并计算了F/Cl比平均值为6.69×10~(-5),接近于大洋正常海水值6.75×10~(-5)。测定中采用第二种离子选择电极作参比电极与指示电极组成无液接的测量体系,得到了较好的结果。     

一种新型的铬（Ⅲ）离子选择性电极的研制与应用

以水杨醛和硫代氨基脲合成的席夫碱水杨醛缩-硫代氨基脲为中性载体,将其与碳粉混合,以液体石蜡为粘合剂,制备了新型的铬（Ⅲ）离子选择性电极。在室温下,电极对Cr3＋的能斯特响应浓度范围为4.00×10-7～1.00×10-2mol/L,斜率为20.31mV/dec,检测下限为1.58×10-7mol/L。电极的响应时间小于20s,pH使用范围广（3.20～5.80）,稳定性好,使用寿命长。在选定的条件下,用固定干扰离子法（FIM）考察了10余种离子的干扰情况,结果显示,电极对Cr3＋具有较好的选择性。以该离子选择性电极为指示电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,用直接电位法对废水中的Cr3＋进行测定,结果令人满意。     

聚甘氨酸／铁氰根修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对铅离子的识别

首次制备了聚甘氨酸/铁氰根修饰电极,研究了铅离子在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种测定痕量铅离子的新方法.该方法简便准确,检测下限为8.6×10-10 mol/L,在1.0×10-9～7.0×10-6 mol/L的浓度范围内,峰电流与Pb2 的浓度呈良好的线性关系,样品加标的回收率在92%～103%之间.该电极可用于测定水中铅的含量,结果令人满意.     

高灵敏度孔雀石绿选择电极的研制与应用

基于限进介质分子印迹聚合物二维功能材料(RAM-MIPs)对孔雀石绿离子通量的抑制、特异性识别和排除基体干扰能力,以孔雀石绿-四苯硼钠离子缔合物为电活性物质,构建成PVC为基质膜的高灵敏度孔雀石绿选择电极.在pH 3～pH 7.5溶液中,电极的线性范围为3.2×10-8～1×10-3mol/L,斜率为54.2 mV/pC,检出限为约7×10-9mol/L,选择性、精密度和准确度好.可用于水体、水产品中孔雀石绿的含量测定.     

聚L-谷氨酸／铁氰根修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对镉离子的识别

制备了聚L-谷氨酸/铁氰根修饰电极,研究了镉离子在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种测定痕量镉离子的新方法,该方法简便准确,检测下限可达2.5×10-9 mol/L,在4×10-9～3×10-5 mol/L的浓度范围内,峰电流与Cd2 的浓度呈良好的线性关系.该电极可用于测定水中镉的含量,结果令人满意.     

L-半胱氨酸修饰银电极对锌离子的测定

自组装制备了L-半胱氨酸修饰银电极(Cys/SAM/Ag),研究了锌离子在该电极上的电化学行为.建立了一种测量痕量锌离子的新方法,该方法简便,准确,检测限可达1.0×l0-8mol/L,在5.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol/L呈线性.对矿泉水中的锌进行测定,结果满意.     

聚L-半胱氨酸修饰电极的制备及测定抗坏血酸

研究了聚L-半胱氨酸修饰玻碳电极的制备及其抗坏血酸在该修饰电极上的电化学特性,建立了线性扫描溶出伏安法测定抗坏血酸的电化学分析新方法.在pH4.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,用该电极测定抗坏血酸的线性范围为:2.0 ×10-6～4.0×10-3mol/L,检出限(信噪比=3)为1.0×10-7mol/L.对1.0×10-4mol/L抗坏血酸平行测定10次,相对标准偏差为1.3%.该电极具有良好的重现性和稳定性,已用于药剂中抗坏血酸的测定,结果令人满意.     

植酸钠修饰玻碳电极测定铅(Ⅱ)

采用涂覆法制备了植酸钠修饰电极,采用电化学方法研究了Pb2+在修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,对测定条件进行了优化。与裸玻碳电极相比较,Pb2+在修饰电极上的峰电流强度明显提高,该方法检出限低、分析速度快。在最佳实验条件下,Pb2+在1.2×10-6～1.2×10-5mol/L的浓度范围内与其峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.0×10-7mol/L。该修饰电极制备简单,稳定性好     

AChE/IL-GR/CHI/GCE结构酶电极的研制及其对毒死蜱农药的检测

利用氨基功能化离子液体修饰石墨烯(IL-GR)的独特性质,以壳聚糖(CHI)为交联剂,首先在玻碳电极表面固定IL-GR,然后吸附乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)制得新型有机磷检测酶电极(AChE/IL-GR/CHI/GCE),并用于卷心菜样品中毒死蜱农药残留的测定。采用透射电镜(TEM)表征了IL-GR的形貌,采用循环伏安法(CV)和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了酶电极的电化学性质。结果表明,在优化的实验条件下,抑制率(I%)与毒死蜱浓度的对数在1.0×10-10mol/L~1.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.0×10-12mol/L(S/N=3)。测定了卷心菜中毒死蜱的含量,回收率为92.3%~108.6%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.