化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金镀层耐蚀性研究

采用极化曲线和交流阻抗法,与Ni-P合金镀层对比,研究了化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金镀层在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的电化学行为。极化曲线结果表明,化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的自腐蚀电流密度(4.037μA/cm2)远远小于Ni-P合金镀层,说明Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的耐蚀性能比Ni-P合金镀层好。在交流阻抗谱图中,化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金镀层在整个浸泡过程中仅出现一个时间常数的单容抗弧,镀层电阻不断的增大,表明镀层有钝化膜不断生成。     

镀液中TiO2对（Ni-W-P）-TiO2复合镀层性能的影响

为了进一步提高Ni-W-P合金镀层的硬度和耐蚀性,用脉冲电沉积法制备了(Ni-W-P)-TiO2复合镀层,并研究了镀液中TiO2加入量对镀层硬度和表面形貌的影响,且通过极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明,(Ni-W-P)-TiO2复合镀层的性能优于Ni-W-P镀层,而当镀液中TiO2质量浓度为6g/L时,复合镀层的硬度较高,表面形貌及耐蚀性能较优。自腐蚀电位较正,腐蚀电流密度较小,极化电阻较大,其交流阻抗谱对应的电阻值也较大。     

空气搅拌对n-Al2O3/Ni-P化学复合镀层性能的影响

针对纳米化学复合镀施镀过程中纳米颗粒分散问题,设计并研制了可控制空气流量的搅拌装置,研究了空气搅拌强度对n-Al2O3/Ni-P化学复合镀层性能的影响.结果表明,空气搅拌强化了纳米颗粒在镀层中的分散.搅拌强度为80 L/h时,纳米化学复合镀层最致密,为典型的胞状结构,镀层中纳米Al2O3含量达到1.13%,镀层硬度可达628 HV,镀层孔隙率等级为9级.极化曲线显示,纳米化学复合镀层的自腐蚀电流(9.963 μA/cm2)远远小于Ni-P镀层,具有更优异的耐蚀性.     

Ni-P化学镀层对工业锅炉腐蚀防护的可行性研究

在炉管表面化学沉积Ni-P合金镀层。通过扫描电镜观察了镀层的微观形貌,通过能谱仪测试了镀层中磷的质量分数,通过X射线衍射仪分析了镀层的结构。借助极化曲线和交流阻抗等电化学技术比较了碳钢和Ni-P化学镀层在锅炉水中的腐蚀性。结果表明:该镀层致密均匀,其中磷的质量分数可达12%以上。当碳钢表面沉积镀层以后,自腐蚀电流密度由原来的29.69μA/cm2下降到4.34μA/cm2,电荷转移电阻由301.6Ω·cm2增加到3 236Ω·cm2,镀层明显提高了碳钢材料的耐蚀性。这主要是因为镀层为非晶态结构,没有晶界、位错等缺陷,容易形成具有保护作用的钝化膜,降低了炉管的腐蚀速率。     

ZM5镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的电化学腐蚀行为

在ZM5镁合金表面制备了化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,并对其微观形貌、成分、相结构及电化学腐蚀行为进行了分析。结果表明:化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的厚度约为25μm,表面均匀、平整,内部致密无缺陷,与基体结合紧密,其结构为非晶态。与ZM5镁合金基体相比,化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的自腐蚀电位正移了1.171 V,自腐蚀电流密度减小了近3个数量级,表现出良好的耐蚀性。化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在阴极极化电位和自腐蚀电位下的阻抗谱均由两个容抗弧半圆组成,表现为均匀腐蚀。而阳极电位下化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的阻抗谱由容抗弧和Warburg阻抗组成,表现为局部腐蚀。化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在自腐蚀电位和阴极极化电位下工作能显著提高耐蚀性,并且在自腐蚀电位下的耐蚀性更好。而化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在阳极极化电位下的耐蚀性较差,不利于镀镍镁合金的长期使用。     

A3钢表面化学镀Ni-P/Ni-Mo-P双层镀层

在A3钢表面制备了以Ni-P镀层为底层、Ni-Mo-P镀层为表层的双层镀层,测试了单层Ni-P镀层、Ni-P/Ni-Mo-P双层镀层的结合力、腐蚀速率和阻抗谱图,并表征分析了单层Ni-P镀层、Ni-P/Ni-Mo-P双层镀层的成分以及腐蚀前后的形貌.结果表明,单层Ni-P镀层和Ni-P/Ni-Mo-P双层镀层都与基体结...     

机械传动轴基体化学镀Ni-P合金镀层

在机械传动轴用40Cr钢基体上制备了化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,并对化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的厚度、表面粗糙度、结构、表面形貌及耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明:化学镀Ni-P合金镀层属于立方结构,结晶度较好;化学镀Ni-P合金镀层表面呈现出均匀、致密的颗粒状形貌,厚度约为6.5 pm;化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的自腐蚀电位为一0.305 V,自腐蚀电流密度为36.72 ptA/cm2,耐蚀性较好。     

(Ni-P)-纳米Al2O3-PTFE化学复合镀层的性能研究

在化学镀Ni-P合金镀液中添加纳米Al2O3及PTFE获得(Ni-P)-Al2O3-PTFE复合镀层.研究了纳米Al2O3及PTFE对镀层硬度、磨损及减摩性能的影响.结果表明:纳米Al2O3及PTFE的加入能提高Ni-P合金镀层的硬度、耐磨及减摩性.     

Ni-P/Si3N4复合镀层在醋酸溶液中腐蚀行为的研究

通过阳极极化曲线、交流阻抗谱和腐蚀失重实验研究了化学镀N i-P/S i3N4复合镀层在20%醋酸溶液中的腐蚀行为,并用SEM观察腐蚀前后镀层的形貌。实验结果表明:镀态N i-P/S i3N4复合镀层的耐蚀性能略高于N i-P合金;镀层中P质量分数升高,镀层的耐蚀性能增强;400℃热处理后复合镀层耐蚀性能明显降低。交流阻抗谱显示,N i-P/S i3N4镀层在醋酸溶液中的电极过程是受电荷转移和扩散步骤混合控制的。     

汽车用AZ31B镁合金表面化学沉积Ni-P/SiO_2镀层及腐蚀分析

采用化学镀方法在AZ31B镁合金表面沉积Ni-P/SiO_2镀层。以Ni-P/SiO_2镀层的腐蚀速率为考察指标,采用正交试验确定了最优化学镀工艺参数为:镀液温度80℃,化学镀时间100min,SiO_212g/L。对最优Ni-P/SiO_2镀层进行腐蚀分析。结果表明:与AZ31B镁合金相比,相同条件下最优Ni-P/SiO_2镀层表面更难发生腐蚀,腐蚀速率低且腐蚀坑小。最优Ni-P/SiO_2镀层能够提高汽车用AZ31B镁合金的耐蚀性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。