原油相容性的测定及与其性质相关性的研究

原油混合时不相容会给加工过程带来不良影响,为弄清原油相容性与性质的关系,测定了不同原油的相容性参数并与原油性质进行关联分析,结果表明：光学检测法可以测定不同类型原油的初始絮凝点,进而计算出原油的相容性参数;两种原油混合时相容性参数呈线性变化,并且原油的混合溶解性参数SBN越大,与其它原油掺混时相容性越好;将原油的密度、特性因数K、胶质和沥青质含量与相容性参数进行关联,所得关系式能用于相容性参数的计算,计算结果与实测值的偏差较小。     

原油混合相容性的研究

以15种不同原油为目标样品,采用斑点法对22组原油混合后的相容性进行测试,并从原油组成的角度考察了影响原油混合相容性的因素。结果表明:当沥青质质量分数低于3%的2种原油混合时,混合体系不易发生絮凝现象;当沥青质质量分数为10%的原油与沥青质质量分数低于3%的轻质原油掺混发生絮凝时,重质原油掺混比例越低,不相容程度越明显;随着重质原油混合比例增加,不相容状态逐渐转变为相容状态;原油中的胶质含量对混合体系的相容具有促进作用,蜡含量对混合体系的相容具有抑制作用,可参考2种原油胶质含量和蜡含量的差值对其混合后的相容性进行初步判断。     

原油胶体体系相容性研究进展

原油不相容引起沥青质絮凝沉淀会对石油工业造成不利影响。从原油胶体体系理论、原油相容性对储运加工过程的影响、原油相容性预测方法及应用实例等方面综述了近年来国内外原油相容性问题的研究进展,介绍了国内外有关原油相容性的最新研究成果,旨在为深入开展原油相容性研究提供参考。     

混合原油的电脱盐运行波动分析研究

为探究蒸馏装置电脱盐系统波动原因,分别考察了电脱盐罐操作条件及原油性质两方面因素,并结合原油混合相容性理论进行分析,得到以下结论.两种性质差异较大的原油混合时,存在不相容的可能,沥青质析出,增大原油乳化程度,导致电脱盐系统运行波动;重质原油掺炼比例越低,不相容程度越明显,随着重质原油混合比例增加,原油不相容状态逐渐得到...     

化学添加剂对沥青质的稳定分散效果

采用Turbiscan稳定性分析仪研究了十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)、十二烷基间苯二酚(DR)和实验室自制化学添加剂POE对塔河减压渣油(THVR)沥青质的分散稳定效果。结果表明,POE对THVR沥青质的分散稳定效果十分明显,加入后相分离过程被抑制,样品分层现象消失,不稳定性参数(ISP)值降低程度超过73%,稳定性大幅度提高;在实验范围内,其最佳添加质量分数为005%,具有较好的应用前景。对于DBSA和DR等小分子双亲化学添加剂,当添加量较低时是沥青质絮凝沉降剂,仅当添加量较高时才是沥青质分散稳定剂。Turbiscan稳定性分析仪可有效用于沥青质化学添加剂的筛选与评价。     

石蜡沉积结晶的新观点

在地壳里天然生成的碳氢化合物 ,含有不同量的某种分子 ,一般称作沥青质和石蜡。在过去的出版物里 ,作者认为沥青质与石蜡的性质有明显的区别。沥青质絮凝 (形成絮凝物 ) ,而石蜡结晶或固化 (由于饱和沉淀 )。沥青质的稳定性主要取决于它们的悬浮介质 (液体 )的本质。石蜡的稳定性主要取决于它们的温度 (动能 )及浓度 (饱和效应 )。通过实验与模拟资料以及现场试验表明 ,由于石蜡更近于非极性分子 ,它们的相互作用预计是范得尔瓦尔斯或伦敦分散型 ,而沥青质分子本质上是极性的 ,预计具有极性氢键型 ,或相关的分子相互作用。这些不同点造成沥…     

原油混炼生产AH-50重交通道路沥青

采用单一原油或者混合原油为原料,使用实沸点蒸馏的方法生产重交通道路沥青。将纯玛瑞油、纯马纳油、马纳油:波斯坎油为6:4的混合原油,玛瑞油:波斯坎油:马纳油为6:4:3的的混合原油进行实沸点蒸馏,450℃切割得到的渣油的各项指标均能满足GB/T 15180—2010中AH-50号沥青的各项指标要求。     

原油相容性及对蒸馏过程的影响

 引入不稳定性参数的概念,并采用近红外光散射的方法,测定了不同混合比例的4组原油混合体系的不稳定性参数分布情况。通过斑点实验方法,确定了混合体系处于不相容状态时的混合范围。经过蒸馏实验发现,不相容范围内的混合原油轻油收率较低,且产生的渣油中沥青质含量、残炭生成量较高。     

原油沥青质絮凝初始点的测定——以渤海绥中36-1油田稠油为例

沥青质在原油中的稳定性主要取决于原油对沥青质的溶解能力。当溶解能力下降到某一临界值后 ,沥青质就会从原油中絮凝析出 ,该临界值即为沥青质絮凝初始点。采用透光率法、粘度法和显微镜法对常压下渤海绥中 3 6 1油田稠油沥青质的絮凝初始点进行了测定。结果表明 ,粘度法和显微镜法测定结果比较准确、合理 ,而透光率法因受原油色深和分光光度计光源条件的限制而使沥青质絮凝初始点滞后 ;在给定压力下 ,温度升高会使原油沥青质絮凝初始点提前     

环烷酸对高沥青质含量稠油乳状液稳定性的影响

以高沥青质塔河稠油为研究对象,从中分离出沥青质,配制成模型油乳状液;从辽河、苏丹原油中分离出天然羧酸,考察原油中天然羧酸对塔河沥青质模型油乳状液稳定性的影响。 结果表明,天然羧酸可以起到类似于胶质的作用,通过对沥青质的分散作用,降低沥青质模型油乳状液的稳定性。 有机羧酸和烷基芳磺酸可以起到与天然羧酸类似的作用,而且烷基芳磺酸降低模型油乳状液稳定性的能力更强。     

塔河稠油掺炼焦化蜡油改善道路沥青性能的研究

针对塔河稠油重质化加剧,其减渣调制90号A级道路沥青产品存在闪点和PI值不能满足JTG F40规范A级道路沥青质量要求的问题,本文采用塔河稠油或塔河常压渣油掺炼焦化蜡油蒸馏工艺,对减渣及其调制道路沥青性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,掺炼焦化蜡油有助于提高塔河减渣的蒸馏切割温度和改变其四组分分布,焦化蜡油的适宜掺炼比例为15%,此时塔河减渣调制的90号道路沥青闪点由237 ℃提高到258 ℃,PI值由1.33降低到0.57,也兼顾了沥青的高温性能和抗老化性质,满足了A级道路沥青产品质量要求,同时沥青混合料高温和水稳定性能得到改善。     

基于改进的布谷鸟搜索算法的原油选择与混合优化方法

Refineries often need to find similar crude oil to replace the scarce crude oil for stabilizing the feedstock property.We introduced the method for calculation of crude blended properties firstly, and then created a crude oil selection andblending optimization model based on the data of crude oil property. The model is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming（MINLP） with constraints, and the target is to maximize the similarity between the blended crude oil and the objective crudeoil. Furthermore, the model takes into account the selection of crude oils and their blending ratios simultaneously, and transformsthe problem of looking for similar crude oil into the crude oil selection and blending optimization problem. We appliedthe Improved Cuckoo Search （ICS） algorithm to solving the model. Through the simulations, ICS was compared withthe genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the CPLEX solver. The results show that ICS has verygood optimization efficiency. The blending solution can provide a reference for refineries to find the similar crude oil. Andthe method proposed can also give some references to selection and blending optimization of other materials.     

A Study of the Characteristics in Blended Crudes at the Optimal Activation State: Part I

Abstract

With the increasing need for crude oil and the improving processing capacity, refining of crude blending has become increasingly popular. This article studied the effect of blending refining at the various ratios by the dynamic equilibrium flash vaporization equipment. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and groups of oil analysis (SARA) were also applied to estimate the blended crudes at the optimal activation state at which the blending crude oils had the maximum distillation yield. The NMR of three groups of blended crudes have elucidated that the resin content at the optimal blended percentage is close to or lower than the theoretical value. And the resin content is obviously higher than theoretical value at the worst blending ratio. The asphaltene content increased, the residua became denser, and branching index decreased at the optimal blended percentage.     

近红外光谱用于原油快速评价的研究

基于275种原油建立原油近红外光谱数据库,通过偏最小二乘方法建立快速测定原油主要性质的分析模型。利用原油近红外光谱指纹特征提出原油种类精确识别方法--移动相关系数法,结合原油评价数据库可快速得到单种类原油的详细评价数据。对于混兑原油,采用库光谱拟合方法,可从原油近红外光谱数据库中解析出一组参与混兑的"伪原油种类"及其混兑比例,结合原油评价数据库可得到该混兑原油的详细评价数据。     

掺炼塔河原油对主要生产装置的影响

中国石化济南分公司原加工临商原油、胜利原油以及进口混合原油,2008年掺炼了4%的塔河原油。分析了掺炼塔河原油对主要生产装置和汽油质量的影响。塔河原油质量差,对主要生产装置的影响大,并导致汽油产品辛烷值下降和硫醇硫增加。     

塔河原油试制重交通道路沥青

对塔河油田单井原油及混合原油进行了性质分析,对三区、四区原油按一定的比例混合生产重交通道路沥青的可行性进行了探讨,重点研究了通过沥青改性的办法研制AH－90重交通道路沥青的可行性。     

于离子液体的高酸原油脱酸效果研究

利用咪唑和环烷酸反应生成与原油极性差异大、易于分离的离子液体，脱除原油中的环烷酸。考察了咪唑含量、剂油比、反应时间、反应温度和搅拌速率对高酸原油一级脱酸效果的影响，并在所选的一级脱酸反应条件下，进一步考察了三级逆流萃取的脱酸效果。结果表明，在咪唑质量分数为30%、剂油质量比为0.4、反应时间5 min、反应温度30 ℃、搅拌速率300 r/min的条件下，北疆原油的一级脱酸率可达61.5%，酸值较低的蓬莱原油的一级脱酸率可达68.6%，酸值更低的1号和2号调和油一级脱酸率分别达到了70.6%和72.2%。试验所用的四种原油在剂油质量比为0.4时，三级逆流萃取的脱酸率可以提高到75%左右；当剂油质量比增大到0.6时，三级逆流萃取的脱酸率可达到84%以上。     

Study of asphaltene deposition from Tahe crude oil

Borehole blockage caused by asphaltene deposition is a problem in crude oil production in the Tahe Oilfield, Xinjiang, China. This study has investigated the influences of crude oil compositions, temperature and pressure on asphaltene deposition. The asphaltene deposition trend of crude oil was studied by saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) method, and the turbidity method was applied for the first time to determine the onset of asphaltene flocculation. The results showed that the asphaltene deposition trend of crude oil by the turbidity method was in accordance with that by the SARA method. The asphaltene solubility in crude oil decreased with decreasing temperature and the amount of asphaltene deposits of T739 crude oil (from well T739, Tahe Oilfield) had a maximum value at 60 o C. From the PVT results, the bubble point pressure of TH10403CX crude oil (from well TH10403CX, Tahe Oilfield) at different temperatures can be obtained and the depth at which the maximum asphaltene flocculation would occur in boreholes can be calculated. The crude oil PVT results showed that at 50 , 90 and 130 o C, the bubble point pressure of TH10403CX crude oil was 25.2, 26.4 and 27.0 MPa, respectively. The depth of injecting asphaltene deposition inhibitors for TH10403CX was determined to be 2,700 m.     

Study on Producing Marine Fuel Oil by Blending

In this paper, Fushun shale oil (FSO) was used as basis oil, which was blended with Anshan heavy oil (AHO) and Liaoyang heavy oil (LHO), respectively. Their physico-chemical properties were gained comprehensive analyses. Additionally, the contents of Na, K, Ca, Ni, V, and Zn of blended oils were determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP), and blended oils were divided into four groups and analyzed by column chromatography. The experimental results showed that there was optimal proportion between shale oil and heavy oil by blending. Its physico-chemical properties reached the standard of corporation, which further showed that the blending method was a feasible way to produce marine fuel oil.