我国快堆闭式核燃料循环体系的现状及展望

基于铀资源需求和乏燃料积累预测,论证了我国发展快堆闲式核燃料循环的必要性,通过国内外调研,重点对影响我国快堆闭式循环的三个关键因素：钚元素积累、快堆技术、乏燃料后处理及快堆燃料技术的现状进行分析,并提出了展望和建议。     

加热式氧传感器在点燃式发动机空燃比测量中的应用研究

根据点燃式发动机排气中的氧含量推导了计算进入发动机缸内混合气空燃比的公式 ,分析了排气中氧含量的测量误差及燃料组成对空燃比测量误差的影响 ,并把理论公式的计算值与加热式氧传感器空燃比仪的测量值进行了比较 ,结果表明两者非常吻合。另外 ,加热式氧传感器空燃比仪在试验用点燃式发动机上的测量结果表明 ,试验用发动机的空燃比变化范围在± 1个空燃比单位内     

核电站乏燃料中Np-237和Am-243的含量预测与分析

应用ORIGEN2.1程序对1座功率为1000MW核电机组运行3年后乏燃料次锕系核素(MA)中的NP-237和Am-243的累计量做了预测;并分析核电运行3年后,该2种核素经过短期和长期衰变后的含量变化趋势。为乏燃料的后处理提供有价值的参考。     

Investigation of incorporating oxygen into TiN coating to resist high potential effects on PEMFC bipolar plates in vehicle applications

During actual vehicle applications, the condition of start-up/shut-down generates high cathodic potential, causing the anodic dissolution and having a great impact on the lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In order to improve the durability of the bipolar plate at high potential, the present work investigated the oxygen-doped TiN coating deposited on the surface of SS316L matrix. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that TiNO and TiO₂ existed in oxygen-doped coatings. The surface morphology analysis indicated that the oxygen-doped coatings tended to come into being denser surface. Besides, the tested results of potentiodynamic polarization, triangle wave high potential cyclic polarization, the electrochemical impedance spectrum and water contact angle test revealed that the TiNO-7sccm specimen possessed the best corrosion resistance, durability and surface hydrophobicity. After a long-term polarization (+0.6 V_SCE), the TiNO-5sccm samples possessed the lowest interfacial contact resistance value of 19.8 mΩ cm².     

从高耗能设备情况分析山西工业领域的节能潜力

叙述了截至2008年末,山西省工业领域拥有耗能设备的数量,分布的范围及行业。指出,山西省耗能设备规模不经济、技术工艺落后等问题较为突出,在产业结构调整、技术节能、淘汰落后产能等方面,能源节约潜力巨大,提出,应采取提高耗能设备开发利用水平、调整产业结构、加大技术创新力度、加强耗能设备监管等措施,提高耗能设备的运行水平,挖掘节能潜力。     

武汉市某酒店的能耗与节能潜力分析

介绍某酒店的中央空调系统,对酒店的能源消耗进行审计和分析,确立酒店主要用能系统的能耗及经济性指标.采用能耗模拟软件DesignBuilder对该酒店建立模型,模拟计算出该建筑的能耗情况,在此基础上模拟了6项节能措施,分析了其节能效果和节能潜力.     

准噶尔盆地车排子地区侏罗系层序地层研究与勘探潜力分析

通过准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子勘探区侏罗系近年来的油气勘探,在前人对全盆地或局部层序地层大量研究成果的基础上,重点针对盆地西北缘侏罗系构造地质特征开展了深入、细致的解剖和刻划,建立了车排子地区层序地层格架,并结合钻探井资料,划分了有利的构造区带,分析了勘探前景,指导了这一地区侏罗系的油气勘探,为盆地侏罗系各种类型圈闭和油气藏的勘探提供了勘探思路。     

京津冀地区农村煤改气现状及减排潜力分析

对京津冀农村地区煤改气现状进行研究,并对当前采用的经济环境效益评价方法加以归纳,以近年来颁布的国家及地方政策为辅助依据估算农村燃煤减排潜力。根据计算结果,对比SO2、NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5在三地区的减排效果得出,北京减排效果最明显,天津及河北省有明显改善;由减排分布得到,SO2、NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5在北京市、天津市、河北省减排潜力分布中各占3%、1%、85%、6%和5%。由此看出,通过减少农村散煤使用来控制污染物排放量的方法具有良好的发展前景。然后进一步剖析当前出现的问题,以努力推进农村减排工作。     

板坯加热炉内常规燃烧与富氧燃烧数值计算对比分析

以某公司热轧厂板坯加热炉为研究对象,建立该加热炉内流动、传热、燃烧和板坯运动吸热过程的三维物理数学模型,运用CFD仿真技术对其进行详细的数值计算,重点对比分析了常规燃烧和富氧燃烧特性,得到了各自的炉内速度场和温度场分布规律、板坯的升温曲线以及板坯温度分布均匀性,计算结果与“黑匣子”实验测量数据吻合良好.总结出的富氧燃烧...     

实现“十一五”节能目标的建筑节能措施分析(1)

为促进我国经济社会的可持续发展,党中央、国务院提出了“十一五”期间单位GDP能耗下降20%左右的宏伟节能目标。但是,该目标如何分解到各部门、各行业,应该分别采取什么措施,目前正处于研究过程中。针对三大终端用能领域之一的建筑用能领域,本文从我国的建筑节能现状、建筑能耗的影响因素、“十一五”期间的建筑节能潜力及实现途径、面临的挑战以及“十一五”期间推动建筑节能工作应该采取的关键政策措施等方面进行了探讨分析。     

实现“十一五”节能目标的建筑节能措施分析(2)

为促进我国经济社会的可持续发展,党中央、国务院提出了“十一五”期间单位GDP能耗下降20%左右的宏伟节能目标。但是,该目标如何分解到各部门、各行业,应该分别采取什么措施,目前正处于研究过程中。针对三大终端用能领域之一的建筑用能领域,本文从我国的建筑节能现状、建筑能耗的影响因素、“十一五”期间的建筑节能潜力及实现途径、面临的挑战以及“十一五”期间推动建筑节能工作应该采取的关键政策措施等方面进行了探讨分析。     

基于大数据分析的陕西省居民用电行为及影响因素研究

陕西省目前处于发展的关键时期,为了有效的了解陕西省居民用电模式,通过对陕西省居民用电量以及相关经济、社会指标等众多数据的统计计算,得到了2000年以来的社会经济以及用电大数据。主要从陕西省居民用电增长情况、居民用电占比、人均用电水平和城乡居民用电差异等方面做了详细的分析和研究,对全面了解及把控陕西省居民用电行为具有十分重要的意义。     

Performance loss of proton exchange membrane fuel cell due to hydrophobicity loss in gas diffusion layer: Analysis by multiscale approach combining pore network and performance modelling

Loss of hydrophobicity in the gas diffusion layers (GDL) is sometimes suggested as a potential mechanism to explain in part the performance loss of PEMFC. The present study proposes a numerical methodology to analyse this effect by combining pore network modelling (PNM) and performance modelling (PM): the PNM/PM approach. PNM allows simulating the decrease of through-plane gas diffusion coefficient in the GDL as a function of the hydrophobicity loss, which is taken into account through the increase in the fraction of hydrophilic pores in GDL. Then PM based on Darcy equations allows simulating performance loss of PEMFC as a function of gas diffusion decay. This coupling shows that the loss of hydrophobic treatment increases flooding, decreases performance, and increases current density heterogeneities between inlet and outlet of the cell. Interestingly, this degradation is found to be highly non-linear, mainly because of the non-linear influence of the fraction of hydrophilic pores on gas diffusion (this is due to the existence of a percolation threshold associated with the hydrophilic pore sub-network) as well as the non-linear behaviour of electrochemistry with gas diffusion. This study also shows that the loss of hydrophobicity in a GDL is a very suitable candidate to explain performance loss rates that are classically observed during long-term tests. The proposed methodology may also help linking other local properties of components to fuel cell global performance.     

Analysis of Adverse Effects on Performance due to Battery Deterioration Installed in BEV and HEV

This paper reports the results of investigating the permissible amount of battery deterioration. An investigation was carried out using the following two types of vehicles： a BEV （battery electric vehicle） and a HEV （hybrid electric vehicle）. First, a detailed evaluation was carried out to identify how the vehicle performance was adversely affected as the lithium-ion batteries installed in the vehicles deteriorated. Next, an attempt was made to determine the permissible amount of deterioration for the vehicle-mounted lithium-ion batteries. In the case of the BEV, the driving distance declined by 20% when the capacity maintenance rate was approximately 80%. Therefore, this was specified as the permissible amount of battery deterioration for the BEV. In the case of the HEV, the fuel consumption increased by 20% when the maximum battery output maintenance rate was approximately 40%. Therefore, this was specified as the permissible amount of battery deterioration for the HEV.     

HRT control as a strategy to enhance continuous hydrogen production from sugarcane juice under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in AFBRs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (8–1 h) on H₂ production from sugarcane juice (5000 mg COD L⁻¹) in mesophilic (30 °C, AFBR-30) and thermophilic (55 °C, AFBR-55) anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs). At HRTs of 8 and 1 h in AFBR-30, the H₂ production rates were 60 and 116 mL H₂ h⁻¹ L⁻¹, the hydrogen yields were 0.60 and 0.10 mol H₂ mol⁻¹ hexose, and the highest bacterial diversities were 2.47 and 2.34, respectively. In AFBR-55, the decrease in the HRT from 8 to 1 h increased the hydrogen production rate to 501 mL H₂ h⁻¹ L⁻¹ at the HRT of 1 h. The maximum hydrogen yield of 1.52 mol H₂ mol⁻¹ hexose was observed at the HRT of 2 h and was associated with the lowest bacterial diversity (0.92) and highest bacterial dominance (0.52).     

Expected impacts on greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions due to a possible transition towards a hydrogen economy in German road transport

Transitioning German road transport partially to hydrogen energy is among the possibilities being discussed to help meet national climate targets. This study investigates impacts of a hypothetical, complete transition from conventionally-fueled to hydrogen-powered German transport through representative scenarios. Our results show that German emissions change between ?179 and +95 MtCO₂eq annually, depending on the scenario, with renewable-powered electrolysis leading to the greatest emissions reduction, while electrolysis using the fossil-intense current electricity mix leads to the greatest increase. German energy emissions of regulated pollutants decrease significantly, indicating the potential for simultaneous air quality improvements. Vehicular hydrogen demand is 1000 PJ annually, requiring 446–525 TWh for electrolysis, hydrogen transport and storage, which could be supplied by future German renewable generation, supporting the potential for CO₂-free hydrogen traffic and increased energy security. Thus hydrogen-powered transport could contribute significantly to climate and air quality goals, warranting further research and political discussion about this possibility.     

Producing hydrogen from the fermentation of cheese whey and glycerol as cosubstrates in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the organic loading rate (OLR) (60, 90, and 120 g Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). L^?1. d^?1) on hydrogen production from cheese whey and glycerol fermentation as cosubstrates (50% cheese whey and 50% glycerol on a COD basis) in a thermophilic fluidized bed reactor (55 °C). The increase in the OLR to 90 gCOD.L^?1. d^?1 favored the hydrogen production rate (HPR) (3.9 L H₂. L^?1. d^?1) and hydrogen yield (HY) (1.7 mmol H₂. gCOD^?1_app) concomitant with the production of butyric and acetic acids. Employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the highest hydrogen production was related to the detection of Thermoanaerobacterium (34.9%), Pseudomonas (14.5%), and Clostridium (4.7%). Conversely, at 120 gCOD.L^?1. d^?1, HPR and HY decreased to 2.5 L H₂. L^?1. d^?1 and 0.8 mmol H₂. gCOD^?1_app, respectively, due to lactic acid production that was related to the genera Thermoanaerobacterium (50.91%) and Tumebacillus (23.56%). Cofermentation favored hydrogen production at higher OLRs than cheese whey single fermentation.