Sr变质对A356合金细化效果的影响

Sr变质处理后,A356合金初晶形核温度略有提高,共晶温度明显降低,从而通过影响初晶凝固过程提高晶粒细化效果;不添加细化剂,Sr本身对晶粒细化的影响并不明显;添加细化剂后,变质处理不仅可以激活更多的形核核心,而且由于明显增加了枝晶凝聚后二次枝晶的生长过冷度,从而减小了二次枝晶臂间距.     

Al-Si系合金共晶Si变质处理的研究进展

综述了Al-Si系合金中共晶Si变质的研究进展,总结了主要变质剂的应用现状以及影响变质效果的主要因素,总结了变质剂对铸件气孔形成的影响以及变质剂与晶粒细化剂的相互作用。Na和Sr变质剂的研究多集中于变质导致的铸锭或铸件气孔增多的原因及改进方法。冷却速率和合金元素是影响变质效果的重要因素,如何提高低冷却速率下多元AlSi系合金中共晶Si变质等级是重要研究方向之一。Sr和α-Al晶粒细化剂之间存在相互毒化作用,其本质是Sr与细化颗粒之间发生反应,使熔体中的有效变质剂和细化剂含量均降低。通过合理控制变质剂和细化剂的含量及添加顺序等工艺措施,可同时达到变质共晶Si和细化α-Al的目的。此外,开发新型Al-(Si)-Sr-(Ti)-B中间合金也是避免相互毒化作用的有效手段。     

微量添加剂对Al—Mg—Si合金铸态组织的影响

本文研究了微量稀土(MM)、(Cr Ti)及Al-Ti-B分别或组合加入对Al-Mg-Si合金铸态组织的影响.结果表明:Al-Mg-Si合金中添加微量Al-Ti-B或Cr Ti可显著细化铸态晶粒;Al-Ti=B与MM或(Cr Ti)同时加入不能显著细化合金的晶粒;虽然MM单独加入时既不能细化晶粒,也不能细化枝晶,但当它与Al-Ti-B或(Cr Ti)组合加入时,却能显著细化枝晶;且微量MM与(Cr Ti)同时添加既能显著细化铸态晶粒,又能显著细化枝晶;有效的晶粒细化剂并不一定能有效地细化枝晶,这是由于合金结晶过程中晶粒细化和枝晶细化的机制不同造成的.     

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169高温合金铸态组织的影响Ⅰ.晶粒组织及晶粒细化机理

研究了K4169高温合金在各种工艺条件下及向熔体中加入复合细化剂时的晶粒组织。结果表明，降低浇注温度和加入复合细化剂可以明显细化冷凝后基体的晶粒和提高铸件断面等轴晶的比例。在通常的浇注温度1400℃下加入复合细化剂。对合金熔体进行或不进行过热处理时，可使圆柱锭的晶粒分别细化至ASTM1.7级和ASTM3.2级；断面等轴晶的比例分别达96％和99％以上。当浇注温度为1420℃、加入复合细化剂并对合金熔体进行过热处理时。可使圆柱锭晶粒细化至ASTM M10.5级，断面等轴晶的比例达90％以上。提出了晶粒细化的机理并对晶粒细化后断面等轴晶比例增大的现象进行了分析。     

2024铝合金热裂敏感性预测模型（英文）

对比研究Katgerman和Clyne-Davies预测热裂敏感性的理论模型。制备晶粒细化的和未细化的2024铝合金,凝固冷却速度为0.4-17.5°C/s。采用热分析检测枝晶搭接点和共晶反应温度,基于牛顿法测绘固相线和液相线以确定热裂敏感区。实验结果显示,2024铝合金中可能发生热裂的最敏感区域为在糊状区的最后阶段,Al_2CuMg金属间化合物作为共晶相形成的区域。另外,在熔铸过程中的高冷却速率下,两个模型具有较好的一致性;而在低至中等冷却速率下,Clyne-Davies模型预测热裂倾向更准确。     

快速凝固对Al-Si-Mg合金复合变质的影响

Al-Si-Mg合金通过加入细化剂Al-1Ti-1B中间合金或细化剂Al-3Ti-3B中间合金及变质剂Al-9Sr中间合金进行复合变质后,分别在空气中、水中和液氮中冷却凝固.利用扫描电子显微镜,研究凝固速度对共晶Si相、α(Al)树枝晶形态的影响.结果表明:随着试样在空气中、水中及液氮中凝固速度的不断提高,复合变质后共晶Si相进一步细化,α(Al)树枝晶的二次枝晶间距明显减小.     

锶变质近共晶Al-Si合金力学性能与枝晶α-Al特征参数的相关性

测量了用不同Sr加入量变质的近共晶Al Si合金中枝晶α Al的一次分枝间距和二次枝晶臂间距 ,考察了枝晶α Al特征参数的变化对合金力学性能的影响。研究结果表明 :Sr的加入可以细化枝晶 ,表现为一次分枝间距和二次枝晶臂间距随合金中Sr含量的增加而减小 ;枝晶细化可以提高合金的力学性能 ,合金的铸态力学性能与枝晶α Al的特征参数是高度线性相关的     

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169高温合金铸态组织的影响Ⅱ.枝晶组织及晶粒球化机理

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169合金枝晶组织，元素偏析、夹杂及缩松有明显的影响。浇注温度越低，一次枝晶主轴长度和二次枝晶臂距就越小。在同一浇注温度下，化学法细晶试样的一次枝晶主轴长度较普通铸试样的短．但二者的二次枝晶臂距没有明显差别。晶粒细化后，合金中主要元素Fe,Cr,Nb,Mo和Ti的偏析减轻，晶粒的形态由树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变。对晶粒球化现象做了合理解释。微量细化剂的加入不会在铸件中形成夹杂。不会改变合金的相组成。在高的浇注温度下，细化剂使晶粒细化的同时，也使铸件中的缩松大大减少。     

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169高温合金铸态组织的影响 II.枝晶组织及晶粒球化机理

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169合金枝晶组织、元素偏析、夹杂及缩松有明显的影响,浇注温度越低,一次枝晶主轴长度和二次枝晶臂距就越小,在同一浇注温度下,化学法细晶试样的一次枝晶主轴长度较普通铸造试样的短,但二者的二次枝晶臂距没有明显差别,晶粒细化后,合金中主要元素Fe,Cr,Nb,Mo和Ti的偏析减轻,晶粒的形态由树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变,对晶粒球化现象做了合理解释,微量细化剂的加入不会在铸件中形成夹杂,不会改变合金的相组成,在高的浇注温度下,细化剂使晶粒细化的同时,也使铸件中的缩松大大减少。     

冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织的影响

通过改变凝固过程中的冷却速率,研究了冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织与成分微观偏析的影响.随冷却速率提高,合金组织明显细化,初生相形貌由粗大等轴枝晶逐渐向细小树枝晶转变,合金凝固过程中形核率增加,合金晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;冷却速率的提高可以降低溶质元素的扩散速率,从而增加合金元素在枝晶干中的固溶度,减轻凝固过程中合金元素Gd与Y的微观偏析,同时使凝固过程中形成的共晶减少,共晶组织分布更加弥散、均匀.     

Exploring dendrite coherency with the discrete element method

The particulate discrete element method (DEM) is used to simulate crystal rearrangement during equiaxed solidification of Al alloys for a range of morphologies across the globular to equiaxed-dendritic transition. It is shown that DEM is able to capture the key experimental results reported in past dendrite coherency studies, namely: the marked increase in resistance to shear at a critical solid fraction, the influence of crystal morphology on dendrite coherency, and that dendrite coherency marks the onset of dilatancy. Dendrite coherency is shown to be the lowest solid fraction at which long-range interconnectivity in the force chain network develops during shear. It is further found that dendrite coherency depends on both the internal solid fraction within dendrite envelopes and the mean shape of envelopes at coherency. The potential to extend DEM to the simulation of mushy-zone mechanics in casting problems is then discussed.     

Assessment of the effect of cooling rate on dendrite coherency point and hot tearing susceptibility of AZ magnesium alloys using thermal analysis

Dendrite coherency point (DCP) is an important parameter for examining the solidification structure and castability of alloys. In this research, the DCP of AZ magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91) is measured in the range of 0.22 °Cs^?1 to 8.13 °Cs^?1 cooling rates using the two-thermocouple thermal analysis technique. The results show that when cooling rate increased, temperature interval of coherency (T_{N –} T_DCP) and coherency time (t_DCP) are decreased; and it can postpone dendrite coherency. Also, by increasing the cooling rate, solid fraction at dendrite coherency increases initially and then decreases at higher cooling rates. To estimate the hot tearing susceptibility, Clyne and Davies’ criterion is used. Hot tearing susceptibility calculations exhibit initially reduce by increasing the cooling rate and then it increases at higher cooling rates. These results were explained based on the solidification principles.     

Effect of Grain Refinement and Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Secondary Al-Si-Cu Alloys

The effect of AlTi5B1 grain refinement and different solidification rates on metallurgical and mechanical properties of a secondary AlSi7Cu3Mg alloy is reported. While the Ti content ranges from 0.04 up to 0.225 wt.%, the cooling rate varies between 0.1 and 5.5 °C/s. Metallographic and thermal analysis techniques have been used to quantitatively examine the macro- and microstructural changes occurring with grain refiner addition at various cooling rates. The results indicate that a small AlTi5B1 addition produces the greatest refinement, while no significant reduction of grain size is obtained with a great amount of grain refiner. On increasing the cooling rate, a lower amount of AlTi5B1 master alloy is necessary to produce a uniform grain size throughout the casting. The combined addition of AlTi5B1 and Sr does not produce any reciprocal interaction or effect on primary α-Al and eutectic solidification. The grain refinement improves the plastic behavior of the alloy and increases the reliability of castings, as evidenced by the Weibull statistics.     

NixAlyTiz添加剂对K4169高温合金铸态晶粒组织的影响

选用Ｋ４１６９Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ基高温合金,研究了向熔体中加入ＮｉｘＡｌｙＴｉｚ金属间化合物合金冷凝后的晶粒尺寸,枝晶组织等凝固组织特征的影响。结果表明,加入微量ＮｉｘＡｌｙＴｉｚ细化剂并控制合金液的均匀化处理过程可显著细化晶粒,将铸件整体晶粒细化至０．１－０．２ｍｍ,达到ＡＳＴＭ１－３级。同时,枝晶组织出现了由枝枝晶向胞状晶的转变,并且ＮｉｘＡｌｙＴｉｚ细化剂的加入对合金的结晶特性及凝固组织无不良影响。     

Effect of strontium on primary dendrite and eutectic temperature of A357 aluminum alloy

Solidification process of A357 alloy with Sr addition was investigated in this paper. In particular,the effects of strontium and cooling rate on α-Al dendrite and Al-Si eutectic characteristic temperature were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Sr addition not only modifies the Al-Si eutectic, but also affects the morphology and structure of primary α-Al dendrite. Sr decreases the growth temperature of α-Al dendrite and Al-Si eutectic, and it also affects the dendrite growth mechanism. It has been found that such effect becomes more significant with higher cooling rate.     

冷却速率对多相透氢V-Ti-Ni合金的组织与性能的影响

本文研究了冷却速率对多相V55Ti30Ni15合金的显微组织、硬度和氢渗透性能的影响。V55Ti30Ni15合金显微组织由V(Ti, Ni)固溶体、NiTi和NiTi2化合物组成。凝固时冷却速率对合金的组织和性能有很大的影响。合金铸锭凝固过程中V(Ti,Ni)固溶体的体积分数随冷却速率的增大而减小,二次枝晶臂间距和宽度也呈现出同样的变化趋势。合金硬度随着冷却速率的升高不断增大,氢渗透率却随之降低。V-Ti-Ni多相合金400℃的氢渗透率与V(Ti, Ni)固溶体体积分数成线性关系。合金铸锭氢渗透率不仅与V(Ti, Ni)固溶体的相对含量有关,而且与固溶体中Ti、Ni合金元素含量和相界的体积有关。     

Grain refinement effect of La2(CO3)3 on AZ91 magnesium alloy

The La2(CO3)3 addition makes the grain of AZ91 alloy be refined obviously.The average primary dendrite size of the alloy decreases from 150 to 50 μm.The microstructure of typical dendrite turns into the equal-axed grain with the addition of 2.5 wt.% La2(CO3)3 refiner.The mechanical properties tests indicate that the tensile strength and especially elongation of the alloys are improved with the addition of La2(CO3)3 and their maximum enhancing rates based on the La2(CO3)3-free AZ91 alloy are 26% and 5.2 times at 2.5 wt.% La2(CO3)3 refiner respectively.     

Microstructure and mechanical performance of a secondary cast aluminium piston alloy with minor element additions

The effect of individual and combined minor element additions (Sr, Sb, Mn, Cr and Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner) on microstructure and mechanical performance of a secondary cast aluminium piston alloy, with 1 wt-% Fe was investigated. It was observed that addition of Cr of up to 1% was better than a 0.53%Mn addition in improving tensile strength, impact energy and percent elongation of the alloy. The high mechanical performance recorded with addition of 1%Cr alloy was attributed to the significant reduction in porosity levels compared to all other minor element additions. It also resulted in a microstructure with fine compact intermetallic compounds. Other element additions also resulted in improved mechanical properties with 0.53%Mn performing better than 0.3%Mn + 0.2%Cr. Marginal improvements in mechanical performance were recorded with addition of 0.02%Sr (or 0.05%) and 0.02%Sb individually or in combination with 0.53%Mn. This was attributed to general increase in porosity and volume fraction of intermetallics.     

浇注温度和细化剂对半固态A356合金组织的影响

采用低温铸造和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料,研究了浇注温度和细化剂(Al-5Ti-1B)添加量对半固态坯料组织的影响。结果表明,随着浇注温度从715℃降到635℃,α-Al晶粒形貌从树枝晶向蔷薇状形态再到等轴晶组织变化,浇注温度越低,晶粒越细小圆整。当浇注温度降到615℃时,晶粒开始出现粗化和不均匀。在相同温度下,随着晶粒细化剂添加量的增加,晶粒更加细小,但细化效果随着添加量的增加变得不明显。当浇注温度低于635℃时添加细化剂,晶粒尺寸和形貌无明显变化。低过热度浇注和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料的最佳工艺条件是:浇注温度为635~655℃,细化剂添加量为0.1%~0.2%。