钨酸铅(PbWO4)闪烁晶体的结构研究进展

介绍近年来在钨酸铅闪烁晶体结构研究方面所取得的进展,表明钨酸铅晶体结构具有结构多型性和非化学计量配比的特征,说明了晶体结构这一因素在钨酸铅晶体研究中的重要性.     

钨酸铅PbWO4闪烁晶体缺陷研究进展

本文介绍了近年来钨酸铅晶体缺陷研究方面的进展，这些结果表明了在钨酸铅晶体闪烁性能研究中考虑晶体缺陷影响的重要性。根据钨酸铅晶体的特点，就闪烁性能与非化学计量配比、晶体结构／多型性、杂质效应以及氧组份等因素的关系进行了简略的讨论。     

钨酸铅(PbWO_4)晶体的发光均匀性研究

通过对下降法生长的全尺寸钨酸铅（ＰｂＷＯ４）晶体沿长轴方向不同点的透过率和光产额的测量、分段晶体的透过率和光产额的测量,研究了钨酸铅晶体的发光均匀性及其影响因素．结果表明：钨酸铅晶体发光均匀性主要由生长后期的钨酸铅晶体质量所决定,采用晶种为大头的加工取向有利于提高钨酸铅晶体的发光均匀性．     

钨酸铅(PbWO4)晶体的发光均匀性研究

通过对下降法生长的全尺寸钨酸铅（PbWO4）晶体沿长轴方向不同点的透过率和光产额的测量、分段晶体的透过率和光产额的测量,研究了钨酸铅晶体的发光均匀性及其影响因素。结果表明：钨酸铅晶体发光均匀性主要由生长后期的钨酸铅晶体质量所决定,采用晶种为大头的加工取向有利于提高钨酸铅晶体的发光均匀性。     

一种新型γ射线防护涂料的制备及性能研究

以自制的超疏水性纳米钨酸铅为功能填充料,研制了一种对γ射线有良好的辐射屏蔽性能,且施工性能优良的、抗辐照的新型辐射防护涂料.利用可见分光光度计、原子力显微镜和红外光谱仪等对产物进行了表征,并研究了钨酸铅添加量对59.5 keVγ射线屏蔽率的影响.结果表明:纳米钨酸铅在有机溶剂中有良好的分散稳定性;纳米钨酸铅与涂料组分发...     

钨酸铅晶体的发光光谱及辐照诱导色心的研究

概要介绍了纯钨酸铅晶体和不同掺杂钨酸铅晶体发光光谱及辐照性能的研究结果．测量了晶体的光致发光和辐射激发发光光谱,比较了辐照诱导色心的密度和辐射发光光谱之间的关系．详细分析了钨酸铅晶体辐照诱导色心密度的分布,根据辐照诱导色心模型,计算了色心的能量及分布．     

Cherenkov辐射材料的研究历史和现状

追溯了Cherenkov效应和Cherenkov辐射材料的研究历史,重点介绍了曾成功用作Cherenkov辐射探测器的铅玻璃和立方氟化铅晶体的性能特点,并对目前正在研究的钨酸铋钠和重掺杂钨酸铅晶体进行了评述和讨论.     

TiO2、MoO3、PEO四元掺杂的WO3电致变色薄膜材料的结构性质变化研究

首次报道用DTA,TG,IR,XRD研究了TiO2、MoO3、PEO四元掺杂的WO3电致变色薄膜材料的结构性质变化影响.研究表明掺杂TiO2、MoO3、PEO的材料改变了WO3的晶体结构,通过分析WO3的晶体结构得出掺杂的四元钨酸凝胶的最佳热处理温度应为200℃.     

烧成温度低的新型压电材料

日本车芝电气公司综合研究所研制一种新型压电材料,不久将投入大批生产。新压电材料系由钛酸铅、锆酸铅、镉钨酸铅三种成份组成,其特征是烧成时氧化铅不蒸发,可在     

稀土改性的钨酸铅晶体声光调制器

报导了一种基于稀土改性的钨酸铅晶体PbWO4 RE^3 (RE=La,Y或Cd)的声光调制器。根据实测的钨酸铅晶体中的声速数据,估算了PbWO4单晶的声光优值。结果表明其声光优值与目前常用的钼酸铅晶体十分接近。但是,PbWO4 RE^3 在光谱紫外区的截止波长为330nm使它可以在更短的波段工作,并具有抗紫外辐照的能力。该器件的中心频率为80MHz,带宽20MHz,在1W驱动功率下,一级衍射光的衍射效率为85％(He-cd激光,442nm)。     

A study on yttrium doping in lead tungstate crystals

In this paper we present results of a study on the yttrium doping in lead tungstate crystals. The crystal growth by modified Bridgman method is described. Results of trace analysis on raw materials and crystals are presented. The segregation coefficient of yttrium ions in lead tungstate crystals was determined. The scintillation emission and longitudinal transmittance spectra, light output, decay kinetics, light response uniformity and radiation damage were measured. It is found that yttrium doping suppresses slow scintillation component and improves radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals.     

Correlation of beam electron and LED signal losses under irradiation and long-term recovery of lead tungstate crystals

Radiation damage in lead tungstate crystals reduces their transparency. The calibration that relates the amount of light detected in such crystals to incident energy of photons or electrons is of paramount importance to maintaining the energy resolution the detection system. We report on tests of lead tungstate crystals, read out by photomultiplier tubes, exposed to irradiation by monoenergetic electron or pion beams. The beam electrons themselves were used to measure the scintillation light output, and a blue light emitting diode (LED) was used to track variations of crystals transparency. We report on the correlation of the LED measurement with radiation damage by the beams and also show that it can accurately monitor the crystal recovery from such damage.     

Phase equilibria diagrams,crystal growth peculiarities and Raman investigations of lead and sodium-bismuth tungstate–molybdate solid solutions

In this paper a comprehensive study of lead and sodium-bismuth tungstate–molybdate solid solutions was carried out, including the clarification of their structural peculiarities and phase diagrams of PbMoO₄–PbWO₄ and NaBi(MoO₄)₂–NaBi(WO₄)₂ systems, the study of spontaneous Raman spectra of these compounds, as well as preliminary experiments on single crystals growth of lead tungstate–molybdate. The linewidths, peak and integral intensities of the totally symmetric Raman vibrations of solid solutions were estimated in comparison with known SRS-active crystals. The conditions of the Czochralski growth of optically transparent lead tungstate–molybdate mixed crystals were found and SRS effect was observed in these crystals when pumping by 12 ns 1064 nm laser pulses.     

A general approach to increasing the radiation hardness of complex structure oxide scintillation crystals

An approach to increasing the radiation hardness of scintillation materials based on complex structure oxide single crystals is proposed. It is shown that damage of the scintillation mechanism and radiation-induced optical absorption are strongly suppressed when a crystal is doped by a specific impurity. The necessary impurity properties are formulated. The proposed approach is illustrated by radiation hardness improvement of the lead tungstate PbWO₄ and yttrium perovskite YAlO₃:Ce scintillation materials.     

Study on the electronic structures and absorption spectra for sheelite- and the sheelite-like structures lead tungstate crystal

The electronic structures and absorption spectra of perfect crystals and crystals containing lead vacancy for both sheelite(PbWO₄) and sheelite-like(Pb_7.5W₈O₃₂) structures have been calculated using density functional theory with the lattice structure optimized. The optical properties of lead tungstate exhibit anisotropy. Numerical calculation shows that the absorption spectra of the sheelite structure crystal containing exhibit additional absorption bands in the visible and near ultra-violet ranges. However, this is not the case for other structures of the PWO crystals such as the sheelite structure crystal without lead vacancy and the sheelite-like structure crystal with or without lead vacancy.     

Precision measurement of energy and position resolutions of the BTeV electromagnetic calorimeter prototype

The energy dependence of the energy and position resolutions of the electromagnetic calorimeter prototype made of lead tungstate crystals produced in Bogoroditsk (Russia) and Shanghai (China) is presented. These measurements were carried out at the Protvino accelerator using a 1–45 GeV electron beam. The crystals were coupled to photomultiplier tubes. The dependence of energy and position resolutions on different factors as well as the measured electromagnetic shower lateral profile are presented.     

Comparison of radiation damage in lead tungstate crystals under pion and gamma irradiation

Studies of the radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals produced by the Bogoroditsk Techno-Chemical Plant in Russia and the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics in China have been carried out at IHEP, Protvino. The crystals were irradiated by a 40 GeV pion beam. After full recovery, the same crystals were irradiated using a ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray source. The dose rate profiles along the crystal length were observed to be quite similar. We compare the effects of the two types of radiation on the crystal's light output.     

Comparative spontaneous Raman spectroscopy of crystals for Raman lasers

A comparison of the spectroscopic parameters of Raman-active vibronic modes in various crystalline materials with a view to the use of these crystals for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is presented. It includes data on the Raman frequency shift, linewidth, integral, and peak Raman scattering cross sections. For steady-state SRS the highest Raman gain coefficient has been proved to be in barium nitrate and sodium nitrate crystals; for transient SRS it is expected to be in lithium niobate and tungstate crystals. Barium tungstate and strontium tungstate are proposed as new highly efficient Raman materials for both SRS cases.