一种新型功能晶体Ni2MnGa

Ｎｉ２ＭｎＧａ晶体同时具有强铁磁性、大磁致伸缩、温控和磁控形状记忆效应,其磁控开头记忆效应的呼应频率接近压电陶瓷,输出应变和应力接近温控形状记忆合金,是近年来发现的一类新型功能晶体,Ｎｉ２ＭｎＧａ晶体７７Ｋ时在「００１」方向,仅２ＭＰａ的预应力即可产生５％的温控可回复应变,已接近ＴｉＮｉ合金６％～８％的可回复应变量;非化学剂量的Ｎｉ２ＭｎＧａ晶体室温条件下的「００１」方向,６ｋＯｅ外磁场已诱发产生     

膨胀石墨CuCl2-NiCl2-层间化合物磁性研究

在膨胀石墨ＣｕＣｌ_２－ＮｉＣｌ_２－ＧＩＣｓ合成和电性研究基础上,采用ＭＯＤＥＬ１５５振动磁强计测量了ＧＩＣｓ在０～７．９５８×１０^５Ａ／ｍ磁场强度下的磁化强度、磁化率．发现ＣｕＣｌ_２－ＮｉＣｌ_２引入石墨层间,形成ＧＩＣｓ后磁性升高．与膨胀石墨相比,ＧＩＣｓ的磁化率大约提高了２～３个数量级．ＧＩＣｓ的磁性不但由石墨的抗磁性转变成为顺磁性,磁化曲线斜率由负变正,而且随着阶结构、 ＣｕＣｌ_２和 ＮｉＣｌ_２比例变化, ＧＩＣｓ磁性发生变化．氯化镍含量在 ５０％以下,表现为强烈的顺磁性;５０％时,磁化曲线出现最大值,表现为铁磁性．＞５０％,达到６０％、８０％时,铁磁性更明显．ＧＩＣｓ阶数升高,铁磁性降低．     

Co-Ni磁控形状记忆合金的相变及显微结构

Ｃｏ基合金中存在从ｆｃｃ到ｈｃｐ的马氏体相变，其奥氏体－马氏体界面完全共格，层错能较低，马氏体相变的驱动力很小，易通过外磁场诱发ａ／６〈１１２〉Ｓｈｏｃｋｌｅｙ不全位错的移动引起相变而产生对外的应变输出，是一种理想的磁控形状记忆候选材料。本文研究了Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ合金的金相组织和透射电子显微结构，测定了一组Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ合金的马氏体相变及其逆转变温度。研究表明：Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ合金的马氏体组织呈有规则的条片状，马氏体相变温度随Ｎｉ含量的增加而降低，其母相中存在层错，母相的饱和磁化强度高达１２４Ａｍ２·ｋｇ－１，是典型磁控形状记忆材料Ｎｉ２ＭｎＧａ的近两倍。     

Li2MnO3的柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法合成及离子导电性

以Ｌｉ_２ＣＯ_３、ＭｎＣＯ_３为原料,用柠檬酸盐溶胶凝胶法合成了Ｌｉ_２ＭｎＯ_３超微粉．对合成的材料进行了ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ、ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ等表征,并应用交流阻抗谱技术测定了样品的电导率．结果表明,６５０。Ｃ以上生成Ｌｉ_２ＭｎＯ_３纯相超微粉,粒径在５０nｍ以下．在１８～４００℃温度范围内,产物烧结体的离子导电率为１０^－６～１０^－３Ｓ·ｃｍ^－１,其电导活化能为４４．８７ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１．     

高Mn含量对NiZnCu铁氧体性能的影响

研究了在（Ｎｉ_０.2Ｃｕ_{0 .2}Ｚｎ_{0 .６}）_１．０３（Ｆｅ₂Ｏ_３)_{0 ．９７}＋０．９７ｘＭnO₂(ｘ=０．１～０．５)中,随Ｍｎ含量的变化,磁性能的改变及与微观结构的关系．适量的Ｍｎ掺杂可以提高室温下铁氧体的起始磁导率,而Ｍｎ含量继续增加会促使第二相形成,使磁导率温度系数变大,出现类似铁电体的弛豫现象．     

(Ni0.81Fe0.19)0.66Cr0.34/Ni0.81Fe0.19薄膜的各向异性磁电阻效应及尺寸效应

研究了以非磁性（Ｎｉ_０．８１Ｆｅ_０．１９）_０．６６ＣＲ_０．３４薄膜作为过诞层的坡莫合金Ｎｉ_０．８１Ｆｅ_０．１９薄膜的磁电阻效应和饱和磁场,分析退火处理对样品饱和磁场的影响和经刻蚀后的磁电阻效应膜线的尺寸效应,并建立一个统计模型定性分析了其性能变化的机理,计算结果符合实验．     

R型六方铁氧体化学键性质和穆斯堡尔谱位移研究

利用电介质的平均能带模型计算了Ｒ型六方铁氧体ＢａＴｉ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１和ＢａＳｎ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１的化学键参数,得到ＢａＴｉ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１的２a、４ｆ、４ｅ、６ｇ各晶位平均共价性分别为０．０６２、０．３５４、 ０．３０９、 ０．３６１; ＢａＳｎ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１的相应晶位平均共价性分别为０．０６２、 ０．３５３、 ０．１８３、０．２５５．应用化学环境因子计算了^５７Ｆｅ、^１１９Ｓｎ在Ｒ结构中的穆斯堡尔同质异能位移。确定了^５７Ｆｅ,^１１９Ｓｎ的价态和占位情况．     

非均相沉淀法制备Al2O3-YAG复相陶瓷

本文测量了ＹＡＧ粉体的ξ电位,通过调节ｐＨ值获得均匀分散的ＹＡＧ水悬浮液．采用非均相沉淀方法获得ＹＡＧ分布均匀的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体．通过热压烧结得到致密烧结体,ＹＡＧ的加入对烧结温度的影响不大．Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复相陶瓷的抗弯强度为４８５ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４．２ＭＰａ·ｍ^１／２,均高于单相Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷,数据的重复性好于球磨混合所制备的样品．通过ＴＥＭ观察,ＹＡＧ颗粒均匀分布于整个样品中,表明通过非均相沉淀制粉可以获得ＹＡＧ颗粒分布均匀的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＹＡＧ复相陶瓷．     

新型固体润滑及油品添加剂-硫代钼酸盐的制备

研究了在水溶液中合成新型固体润滑兼油品添加剂一ＮｉＭｏＯ_２Ｓ_２及其原料（ＮＨ_４）_２ＭｏＯ_２Ｓ_２的条件,其最佳参数为ｐＨ＝４～５,温度为３０℃左右和ｐＨ＝７～９;温度为－５～０℃．还对产品的组成、结构及形貌进行了分析观察,并验证了ＮｉＭｏＯ_２Ｓ_２作为油品添加剂和固体润滑剂从２０～６００℃的减摩性能;证实硫代钼酸镍是一种宽温度范围的润滑剂．     

共沉淀法制备掺杂氧化锌压敏陶瓷粉料热力学分析

本文通过对Ｍｅ^ｎ＋（Ｚｎ^２＋;Ｃｒ_３^＋,Ｍｎ^２＋;Ｓｂ^３＋,Ｂｉ^３＋,Ｃｏ^２＋）－ＮＨ_３－ＣＯ_３^２－－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系进行热力学分析的基础上,获得了Ｍｅ－ＮＨ_３－ＣＯ_３^２－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系中的ｌｇ［Ｍ］_T－ｐＨ关系图,得到了用ＮＨ_４ＨＣＯ_３和ＮＨ_３·Ｈ_２Ｏ作沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备掺杂氧化锌压敏陶瓷粉料时,最佳共沉淀ｐＨ为７．０左右．     

NiMn‐Based Alloys and Composites for Magnetically Controlled Dampers and Actuators

As a new class of magnetically driven active materials, magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys show large strains of up to 10% in Ni₂MnGa single crystal with a modulated martensitic structure. The magnetic field induced twin boundary motion can be exploited for actuators, sensors, and as it is an energy dissipating process, also for vibration damping devices. However, single crystals of Ni₂MnGa are difficult to prepare and are inherently very brittle. One solution is the use of aligned MSM particles suspended in a stiffness‐matched polymer matrix. In this review, we focus on the preparation and characterization of textured NiMn‐based MSM composite. Essential issues, e.g., the criterion of polymer selection and the interface of MSM particles and polymer are discussed. Second aspect of the paper is to review recent developments in metamagnetic shape memory Ni? Mn‐(In,Sn,Sb) systems which exhibit field‐driven multifunctional properties such as magnetocaloric effect, magnetoresistant change, magnetoelectricity, and thermoelectricity.     

Temperature stability of magnetic field-induced strain and field-controlled shape memory effect on Ni/sub 52/Mn/sub 16.4/Fe/sub 8/Ga/sub 23.6/ single crystals

The temperature dependence of the magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS) and the field-controlled shape memory effect in Ni/sub 52/Mn/sub 16.4/Fe/sub 8/Ga/sub 23.6/ single crystals were investigated by measuring the MFIS and measuring the magnetic field-enhanced transformation strain with a field bias applied in the [001] and [010] directions of the parent phase, respectively. The results show that such material combined with the martensitic transformation can product large field-enhanced transformation strain and large MFIS. The strain accompanying the martensitic transformation is -1.61% in zero field and can be enhanced to -3.30% by a field of 960 kA/m. A MFIS of 1.04% has been induced along [001] in unstressed crystals with saturated magnetic field of 600 kA/m applied along the same direction at near martensitic transformation temperature. It was found that the MFIS is almost temperature independent; the maximum decrease of the saturated MFIS is less than 10%, from 265 K to 100 K. This well-behaved temperature response makes this alloy particularly valuable for industrial and military smart actuators and transducers. Furthermore, it was found that the direction in which the MFIS has the largest value is always the [001], namely, the growth direction of the crystals.     

Ni50.5Mn26.5Ga23单晶磁感生应变的温度依赖性

通过对磁感生应变和磁增强相变应变的测量,研究了Ni50.5Mn26.5Ga23单晶磁感生应变的温度依赖性和磁控形状记忆效应.结果表明,随着温度的降低;Ni50.5Mn26.5Ga23单晶的饱和磁感生应变量先是迅速减小,然后缓慢减小;磁场的方向不同,随着温度降低饱和磁感生应变量减小的速度也不同.根据合金形状记忆的特点和马氏体变体择优取向的机理,对实验结果进行了分析和讨论.     

Magneto-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis of Single Crystalline Ni2MnGa Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

Based on an existing micromechanical constitutive model for Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy single crystals, a three-dimensional quasi-static isothermal incremental constitutive model that is suitable for finite element analysis is derived by using Hamilton's variational principle. This equation sets up the coupling relation between the magnetic vector potential and the mechanical displacement. By using the incremental equation and ANSYS software, the mechanical behaviors of martensitic variant reorientation for Ni2MnGa single crystals are analyzed under magneto-mechanical coupling action. And the finite element results agree well with the experimental data. The methods used in the paper can well describe the mechanical behaviors of the material in complex fields.     

Epitaxial Ni?Mn?Ga Films for Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Microactuators

Active materials such as piezoelectrics are established in the field of microsystems application despite their low achievable strains which often require the integration of additional gear mechanisms. The ongoing search for new active materials has focused on magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys such as Ni? Mn? Ga since they combine macroscopic strains of up to 10% with a cycling frequency well above the frequencies of conventional thermal shape memory alloys. The present review focuses on preparation and analysis of Ni? Mn? Ga films that can eventually be integrated in microsystems. Single crystal like films are prepared by epitaxial growth on suitable substrate materials. Since the magnetically induced reorientation of variants is blocked by a rigid substrate, we present different methods for releasing films from the substrates. We show that the sacrificial layer technology is the most promising approach. Further processing of the freestanding film requires a microtechnology which is adjusted to the film laminate structure. The properties of the freestanding films are compared with films on a rigid substrate. Although we observe stress‐induced twin boundary motion, the twinning stress is too high to be overcome by an external magnetic field. Therefore, it is necessary to develop suitable training methods to reduce the twinning stress below 2 MPa to enable the activation of the material by means of an external magnetic field.     

磁场热处理后多晶Ni2 MnGa铁磁形状记忆合金组织的变化

采用定量金相、X射线衍射等手段，研究了在恒定磁场下加热到高于Tc或Af温度保温30min后水淬或空冷对多晶Ni2MnGa组织的影响。结果表明，在相同的热处理工艺下，外加磁场均能促进马氏体相的形成。同时，磁场热处理使马氏体孪晶变体的位向分布发生明显改变，产生不同程度的择优排列(磁织构)；在经过优化的工艺条件下磁场热处理能使多晶Ni2MnGa的磁驱动形状回复应变得以提高。     

新型磁驱动形状记忆合金研究进展

磁驱动形状记忆合金是一种新型功能材料,由于兼具大的输出应变和高响应频率等综合特性,成为智能材料领域的研究热点之一.本研究首先总结了Ni-Mn-Ga合金在相变和磁致应变性能方面的特点,然后着重介绍了Co-Ni-Ga和Ni-Fe-Ga两类新型磁驱动记忆合金在结构、相变、形状记忆效应、磁性能等方面的研究进展,并对其中存在的问题进行了讨论.     

Structure and Microscopic Magnetism of Epitaxial Ni–Mn–Ga Films

We report on the structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial thin films of the ferromagnetic shape memory material Ni–Mn–Ga prepared by DC magnetron sputter deposition. Different substrate materials, i.e., MgO(100) and Al₂O₃(11?20) allow for a tailored epitaxial growth. Using a sacrificial chromium buffer layer freestanding epitaxial films are obtained. In combination with photolithography partially freestanding structures such as microbridges are fabricated. The complex martensite crystal structure in substrate‐constrained and freestanding films is studied by means of X‐ray diffraction. The identified asymmetric twin variant configuration is associated with a macroscopic surface pattern observed by optical microscopy. The absence of magnetic‐field induced strain in the (100) oriented samples is explained on basis of the detected twin variant configuration using a simplified model. Taking advantage of the thin film geometry spectroscopic methods are applied to the samples. The measurements provide the first experimental test for changes in the electronic structure of the involved 3d metals during a martensitic transition. Exploiting the X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism quantitative information on the element‐specific spin and orbital magnetic moments are accessed. In addition, angular‐dependent experiments allow us to trace the microscopic origin of the magnetic anisotropy in Ni₂MnGa improving the fundamental understanding of this material.     

Acoustic Assisted Magnetic Field Induced Strain in 5M Ni-Mn-Ga Polycrystals

Magnetic shape memory alloys can be deformed in an external magnetic field by twin boundary motion. By coupling in acoustic energy the strain can be enhanced significantly, especially if the twinning stress is just above the magnetically achievable stress level. Two percent of strain can be achieved in a polycrystalline material, which showed only 0.3% strain without acoustic assistance.