疏水型SiO2气凝胶

以多聚硅为硅源,通过溶胶、凝胶、表面修饰及超临界干燥过程制备出了疏ｉＯ２气凝胶,表面修饰后ＳｉＯ２气凝胶孔洞由修饰前的２３．１ｎｍ减小到１８．２ｎｍ,比表面积由有的４７７ｍ＾２ｇ＾－１增加到５６３ｍ＾２ｇ＾－１,骨架颗粒比修饰前略大,饱和水蒸汽吸附量由吸附前的０．０４（重量比）降低到０．００１２,且与水不浸润。     

LiNiO2热分解反应动力学研究

用ＤＴＡ和ＸＲＤ研究了ＬｉＮｉＯ_２在空气中的热分解过程为：ＬｉＮｉＯ_２（ｓ）→(６５０～７２０℃)Ｌｉ_２Ｎｉ_８Ｏ_{１０（ｓ）}＋４Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｓ）＋Ｏ_２（ｇ）→(８５０～９５０℃)Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｓ）＋８ＮｉＯ_（ｓ）＋１／２Ｏ_２（ｇ） →(１０００～１１５０℃)ＮｉＯ（ｓ）＋Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｇ）用 Ｄｏｙｌｅ－Ｏｚａｗａ法和 Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ法计算了各反应阶段的表观活化能分别为 ７４７．１８±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１、９３２．４６±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１和 １１２６．９７±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１．用 Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ法确定了反应级数和频率因子,确定了三个阶段的动力学方程分别为 ｄα／ｄt＝１．７３６ｘ１０３９ｅ^{－９００００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．０５７}; ｄα／ｄｔ＝１８０６×１０^３９ｅ^{－１１１５００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{０．８４４};ｄα／ｄｔ＝４．２６２×１０４２ｅ^{－１３５０００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．２７５}     

Li2MnO3的柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法合成及离子导电性

以Ｌｉ_２ＣＯ_３、ＭｎＣＯ_３为原料,用柠檬酸盐溶胶凝胶法合成了Ｌｉ_２ＭｎＯ_３超微粉．对合成的材料进行了ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ、ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ等表征,并应用交流阻抗谱技术测定了样品的电导率．结果表明,６５０。Ｃ以上生成Ｌｉ_２ＭｎＯ_３纯相超微粉,粒径在５０nｍ以下．在１８～４００℃温度范围内,产物烧结体的离子导电率为１０^－６～１０^－３Ｓ·ｃｍ^－１,其电导活化能为４４．８７ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１．     

CoxR1-xAl2O4(R=Zn,Mg)钴蓝颜料反射性能的研究

采用化学共沉淀法成功地制备出适用于彩电显象管内荧光体着色的Ｃｏ_ｘＲ_１－ｘＡｌ_２Ｏ_４（Ｒ＝Ｚｎ、 Ｍｇ, ｘ＝０．８～１．０）钴蓝颜料： ４５０ｎｍ波长处反射率最大提高１８．２％, ６００ｎｍ处反射率最大降低５％。通过对该颜料反射率的影响因素,如掺杂离子类型、掺杂浓度和Ｃｏ^２＋离子浓度的探讨,结论如下：Ｚｎ^２＋、Ｍｇ^２＋改变钴蓝颜料反射性能的作用机理为晶格畸变引起Ｃｏ^２＋３ｄ轨道电子能级分裂程度的变化;对于掺杂离子Ｚｎ^２＋、Ｍｇ^２＋,ｘ下限值分别约为０．８５和０．８．     

共沉淀法制备掺杂氧化锌压敏陶瓷粉料热力学分析

本文通过对Ｍｅ^ｎ＋（Ｚｎ^２＋;Ｃｒ_３^＋,Ｍｎ^２＋;Ｓｂ^３＋,Ｂｉ^３＋,Ｃｏ^２＋）－ＮＨ_３－ＣＯ_３^２－－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系进行热力学分析的基础上,获得了Ｍｅ－ＮＨ_３－ＣＯ_３^２－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系中的ｌｇ［Ｍ］_T－ｐＨ关系图,得到了用ＮＨ_４ＨＣＯ_３和ＮＨ_３·Ｈ_２Ｏ作沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备掺杂氧化锌压敏陶瓷粉料时,最佳共沉淀ｐＨ为７．０左右．     

Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3薄膜的制备、结构及性能研究

研究了一种以乙二醇为稳定剂的新的ＢＳＴ前驱液,用ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法在Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／ＳｉＯ_２／Ｓｉ（１００）基底上成功地制备出具有优良电学性能的Ｂａ_０．７Ｓｒ_０．３　ＴｉＯ_３薄膜．乙二醇的加入有效地增加了前驱液的稳定性,并降低薄膜的结晶温度．利用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ等技术分析了凝胶热处理过程中相变化情况及薄膜厚度与成相的关系．厚度 ２００ｎｍ,Ｏ_２气氛中 ７００℃处理 １５ｍｉｎ后的 ＢＳＴ薄膜具有良好的介电性能,１００ｋＨｚ时介电常数ε＞４００,介电损耗 Ｄ＜０．０２;Ｐ—Ｅ电滞回线说明薄膜具有良好的铁电性能,剩余极化只约为１．４μＣ／ｃｍ^２,矫顽场强 Ｅ_ｃ约为 ４８ｋＶ／ｃｍ．     

复合添加(Ca,Mg)-α-Sialon的晶胞参数研究

利用高分辨率的Ｇｕｉｎｉｅｒ－Ｈａｇｇ相机和计算机控制的底片扫描及数据处理程序系统,测定了复合添加,组份为（Ｃａ_０．５Ｍｇ_０．５）_xＳｉ_{１２－３ｘ}Al_3xＯ_ｘＮ１_６－ｘ（ｘ＝０．３、０．６、１．０和１．４）的α－Ｓｏａｌｏｎ的晶胞参数．材料由热压工艺制备而得．研究结果表明,当ｘ≥１．０时,材料的主晶相为α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ和含Ｍｇ的ＡlＮ多型体．（Ｃａ,Ｍｇ）－α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的晶胞参数明显低于相同组份下的Ｃａ－α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的晶胞参数·ＥＤＡＸ的结果进一步给出固溶进入α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的包括名义组份中９０％的Ｃａ^＋＋和少量的Ｍｇ^＋＋,而大部分Ｍｇ^＋＋进入ＡlＮ多型体,这一结果为净化α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷的晶界提供了新的有效途径．     

纳米相铁红粒子的液相制备

由０．２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ^－１Ｆｅ^３＋采用微波诱导加热制备了纳米尺寸的准立方形和纺锤形α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３粒子,与常规加热方式比较微波加热制得的α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３粒子粒径小且分布均匀,实验证明无机离子加 Ｈ^＋、ＯＨ^－和 Ｎａ^＋等的加入可明显加速反应速率．     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3陶瓷的介电和压电性能研究

研究了Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５ＴｉＯ_３和（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）_０．９４Ｂａ_０．０６ＴｉＯ_３陶瓷的电滞回线、压电性能和热滞现象·得到（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）_０．９４Ｂａ_０．０６ＴｉＯ_３陶瓷的剩余极化Ｐ_ｒ＝１９ｕＣ／ｃｍ^２、矫顽场Ｅ_ｃ＝４．７ｋＶ／ｍｍ．发现用适量的Ｂａ^２＋取代（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）^２＋尽管压电性能有所提高,但同时使得材料的温度稳定性大大降低．     

R型六方铁氧体化学键性质和穆斯堡尔谱位移研究

利用电介质的平均能带模型计算了Ｒ型六方铁氧体ＢａＴｉ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１和ＢａＳｎ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１的化学键参数,得到ＢａＴｉ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１的２a、４ｆ、４ｅ、６ｇ各晶位平均共价性分别为０．０６２、０．３５４、 ０．３０９、 ０．３６１; ＢａＳｎ_２Ｆｅ_４Ｏ_１１的相应晶位平均共价性分别为０．０６２、 ０．３５３、 ０．１８３、０．２５５．应用化学环境因子计算了^５７Ｆｅ、^１１９Ｓｎ在Ｒ结构中的穆斯堡尔同质异能位移。确定了^５７Ｆｅ,^１１９Ｓｎ的价态和占位情况．     

Preparation and Characterization of Silica Aerogels Derived from Ambient Pressure

Silica aerogels were prepared by sol-gel technique from industrial silicon derivatives (polyethoxydisiloxanes, E-40), followed by silylation and drying under ambient pressure. The specific surface area, pore size distribution and thermal conductivity of the silica aerogels were investigated and the results showed that the diameter of the silica particles is about 6 nm and the average pore size of the silica aerogels is 14.7 nm. The specific surface area of which is about 1000 m2·g-1 and the thermal conductivity is about 0.014 wm-1·K-1 at room temperature and pressure of 1.01×105 Pa. The Si-CH3 groups were also detected on the internal surface of the silica aerogels, which show hydrophobic. Silica aerogels derived by this technique is low cost and have wide applications.     

由多聚硅氧烷制备二氧化硅气凝胶

SiO2 气凝胶是一种新型轻质纳米多孔材料。本工作以多聚硅氧烷 (E -4 0 )为硅源 ,用溶胶 -凝胶法制备出了SiO2气凝胶。研究了催化剂、温度、水等因素对其溶胶 -凝胶过程的影响 ;讨论了F离子以及水对E -4 0水解 -缩聚反应的作用机理 ;并用孔径分布测定仪、TEM等方法对其微结构进行了研究。结果表明 :由E -4 0为硅源制备的SiO2 气凝胶骨架颗粒为十几nm ;孔径分布较广 ,其峰值在 3 0nm附近 ,此外 ,还存在几nm的微孔。     

二氧化硅气凝胶合成新工艺

以Ｅ－４０（多聚硅氧烷）为硅源,以ＨＦ为催化剂,用溶胶－凝胶法制备出了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶法时研究了催化剂、溶剂、水等制备因素对其溶胶－凝胶过程的影响,用孔径分布测定仪、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、比表面测试（ＢＥＴ）等方法对其微结构进行了研究。研究结果表明,ＨＦ的加入大大加束字溶胶－凝胶反应速度;ＢＥＴ以及ＴＥＭ测试结果表明所制备的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶具有大的比表面积和纳米多孔结构（骨架颗粒约为１０纳米,孔洞尺政变     

常压干燥制备疏水SiO2气凝胶的影响因素分析

常压干燥制备SiO2气凝胶是近年来该领域的研究重点,工艺条件的优化是提高气凝胶性能的关键。以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,甲基三乙氧基硅烷为共前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法,结合老化和三甲基氯硅烷-正己烷-无水乙醇混合溶液的二次表面改性,通过常压干燥工艺制备疏水SiO2气凝胶。利用BET,FT-IR,SEM,TEM和接触角测试等手段对气凝胶进行表征,系统研究水解时间、老化时间、老化温度和改性剂用量对气凝胶性质的影响。结果表明:水解16h,凝胶于55℃下老化48h后,在三甲基氯硅烷与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1.56的混合液下改性48h制备的SiO2气凝胶的性能最好,其孔隙率92%,比表面积969m2/g,接触角达157°。     

利用粉煤灰常压干燥合成SiO2气凝胶的研究

为了实现粉煤灰回收利用的新途径,研究了一种利用粉煤灰为硅源常压干燥合成SiO2气凝胶的工艺.通过正交实验研究粉煤灰与氢氧化钠反应生成水玻璃的最佳工艺条件;所得水玻璃溶液通过硫酸催化或树脂交换碱催化法获得水凝胶,利用三甲基氯硅烷/乙醇/正己烷对水凝胶进行改性处理,在常压干燥下制备了SiO2气凝胶.利用BET、SEM和FTIR对气凝胶的微观结构及性质进行了研究,结果表明,所得气凝胶的比表面积为362.2～907.9m2/g、孔体积为0.738～4.875cm3/g、平均孔径为7.69～24.09nm,其中树脂交换碱催化法所得气凝胶的比表面积可达907.9m2/g,孔体积达4.875cm3/g.     

Modifying the surface energy and hydrophobicity of the low-density silica aerogels through the use of combinations of surface-modification agents

Aerogels are lightweight, highly transparent, thermally insulating materials comprising interconnected nanostructured pores. Low surface energy aerogels were prepared from ambient pressure drying of sodium silicate-based gels by modifying the pore surfaces with silylating agents including trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ), in combination with each other. Hydrophobic properties of the resulted aerogels were studied by contact angle measurements. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to monitor the changes in chemical bonds within the aerogels due to surface modification. The microstructure was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Effect of temperature on the hydrophobicity of the aerogels was studied by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). Surface modification of silica gels with various mixtures of surface-modification agents showed different behaviors. Aerogels made by HMDZ and HMDSO combination comprised 5 nm pores and particles and showed a high surface energy, whereas aerogels prepared by HMDSO and TMCS combination had lower surface energy with relatively larger particle and pore sizes with a more uniform distribution of both. The properties of the latter sample were attributed to a greater degree of surface modification and negligible condensation of OH groups. This preparation produced silica aerogels with a low density (0.042 g/cc), low surface energy (3.39 N cm⁻¹), low thermal conductivity (0.050 W K⁻¹ m⁻¹), high optical transmission (85% at 700 nm) and hydrophobic (154° contact angle) with high hydrophobic thermal stability (425 °C). Moreover, the contact angle for materials prepared by this method decreased negligibly over 12 months’ storage in ambient conditions.     

SiO2气凝胶的疏水性改性研究

采用三甲基氯硅烷（TMCS）对硅溶胶制备的湿SiO2气凝胶进行表面疏水改性处理,研究了TMCS与孔洞中水的摩尔比对气凝胶的疏水改性作用与性能,用红外光谱法检测了疏水性改性的SiO2气凝胶,发现气凝胶表面的-OH被-OR基团取代,以此构建SiO2气凝胶的疏水性改性机理及模型,试验结果表明,TMCS与孔洞中水的摩尔比控制在0．35左右时可获得不开裂、完好的、具有憎水性特征的二氧化硅气凝胶。     

Synthesis of silica aerogels from waterglass via new modified ambient drying

A new modified ambient drying process for synthesizing silica aerogels cost-effectively from waterglass has been developed. Crack-free silica aerogels were obtained via solvent exchange/surface modification of wet gels using IPA/TMCS/n-Hexane solution. Silica aerogels were heated at different temperatures. The effects of heating temperature on chemical bonding state of aerogels were investigated by means of DTA and FTIR. The surface characteristic of the aerogel was hydrophobic when heat-treated under 350°C. The porosities, densities, and specific surface areas of the silica aerogels were in the range of 93–94%, 0.12–0.15 g/cm³, and 630 m²/g, respectively. Distinct spring back phenomena were observed in surface modified wet gels during drying.     

亚临界干燥制备疏水SiO2气凝胶

以E－40（多聚硅氧烷）为硅源,三甲基氯硅烷的异丁醇溶液为干燥介质,用溶胶凝胶法,在亚临界条件下制备出疏水的SiO2气凝胶,通过SEM,孔径分布,比表面积,接触角以及红外光谱的测试对其物性进行了研究,结果表明,所制备的SiO2气凝胶具有典型的纳米网络结构,比表面大具具有疏水性能,亚临界干燥使得制备压力从6．4MPa降低到2．3MPa,降低了制备成本和风险,同时疏水性能提高了SiO2气凝胶环境适应性,从而十分有利于气凝胶的商业应用。