浅析质量安全伤害信息监测系统的设计与应用

质量安全伤害信息监测是产品安全风险防控和产品缺陷管理的重要手段。本文采用软件工程方法,详细阐述了系统的设计,对系统功能模块进行了详细说明,最后对系统的应用产生的效益做了详细说明。本系统应用对产品伤害信息的采集、产品安全及潜在风险评估、产品伤害预警都提供了重要支撑,是加快我国产品伤害监测系统建设的重要内容,是建立健全产品伤害监测体系的有效手段。     

浅析美国产品伤害监测体系

产品伤害是全球最为关注的市场风险和公共安全问题之一。美国作为全球最早建立产品伤害监测体系的国家,其国家电子伤害监测系统可提供来自医院急救室概率样本的具有统计意义的全国产品相关伤害估计值。基于伤害信息,美国消费品安全委员会经安全评价后制定有针对性的伤害预防措施,最大限度保护消费者安全。美国实践经验对于我国开展产品伤害监测工作有着重要的借鉴价值。     

分类树在我国产品伤害特征分析中的应用研究

通过分析我国产品伤害监测概况,以产品类别为预测变量,以伤害发生原因、伤害部位和伤害性质等为因变量,构建了应用于我国产品伤害特征分析的分类树;以我国国家产品伤害信息监测系统（NISS）为数据来源,对2013年度9,957次家用日用品产品伤害数据进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,分类树通过Gini系数将具有相同伤害特征的产品类别进行分组,能够发掘产品伤害特征之间的隐性关系;递归式分层回归使产品伤害特征更加明显,树形图显示方式使产品伤害特征更加直观,为采取产品伤害干预措施提供了重要支撑。     

国内动态

我国统一强制性产品认证管理 国家认证认可监督管理委员会,统一负责国家强制性产品认证制度的管理和组织实施工作,目前已出台的强制性产品认证管理规定和办法对实施强制性产品认证的产品范围、监督管理,强制性产品认证标志的使用做了统一管理,新的国家强制性认证标志名称为“中国强制认证”英文缩写为“CCC”并逐步取代原来实行的“CCIBC产品安全认证”标志和“CCEE(长城认证)”。     

产品伤害监测标准化工作研究--基本术语

产品伤害监测作为发现产品伤害特征,防范产品伤害风险,减少产品伤害损失的重要手段,已为世界许多国家所采用。随着日益丰富的产品不断生产与应用,新概念、新词汇必将大量涌现,急需要用科学、统一的方法和定义来指称这些概念,以统一人们的思想认识和概念认知。本文分析了编制产品伤害监测术语的重要性,归纳了编制产品伤害监测术语的基本原则和方法,示例编制了若干产品伤害监测基本术语。     

我国产品伤害风险评价方法初探

本文基于国家产品伤害信息监测系统的产品伤害监测数据,以“潜在的伤害严重性”与“发生伤害的可能性”为核心,提出了产品伤害风险评价的“FRS分析范式”,并探讨了产品伤害预警等级的划分。     

基于产品伤害监测的儿童玩具误吞风险因素分析

儿童玩具的质量安全一直是社会关注的热点,其中玩具的误吞风险是目前玩具安全的最大隐患之一。为了全面、立体地发现产品潜在风险,我国正逐步推动产品伤害监测工作,通过产品伤害的调查和分析,支撑产品风险的控制与管理。本文基于广东省2017~2019年产品伤害监测数据,从人群、环境、产品3个因素出发,分析玩具误吞伤害的发生特征,并结合相关标准的规定和要求对各个因素分别进行风险分析,并有针对性地分别提出了干预建议,以预防和减少产品伤害的发生,为今后基于产品伤害监测的产品风险管理与质量安全防控工作提供有益参考。     

美国消费品安全监管实践分析与启迪

<正> 消费品安全已经成为全球各国共同面临的问题。建立健全消费品安全体系,以保障消费者免受不安全消费品的伤害,是世界各国共同面临的一项重要挑战。世界各国都积极与企业和消费者加强合作,并采用多种方式来应对这一挑战。美国是世界上最早实施产品召回制度的国家,也是产品安全监管制度最为完善的国家之一。美国消费品安全委员会(以下简称CPSC),是根据《消费品安全     

国外产品安全奖介绍及其对我国的借鉴

获得安全的产品是消费者的基本权益,也是各国产品安全监管的主要目的。除了建立并实施严格的产品安全监管制度,为了强化市场产品安全主体责任,鼓励主动作为,国外发达国家还通过设立产品安全奖,作为促进业界产品安全的激励措施。本文对日本和欧盟产品安全奖进行详细的介绍和对比分析,以期为我国产品安全监管实践提供借鉴。     

我国汽车召回现状及展望

<正> 汽车召回是按照管理规定的要求,由制造商选择修理更换、收回等方式,消除其产品可能存在的,可能引起人身伤害、财产损失的缺陷的过程,是汽车制造商履行售后服务承诺的一个最基本的产品安全责任。如果产品安全责任都不能够完全履行的话,是谈不上一个优秀的售后服务品质的。一、我国汽车召回近年运行基本数据。从2004年汽车召回制度建立至今,为维护消费者权益,保护道路交通安全起到了非常重要的作用。2004年3月,管理规定正式颁布,虽然并没有开始真正的实施,但是却得到     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from