基于产品伤害监测的儿童玩具误吞风险因素分析

儿童玩具的质量安全一直是社会关注的热点,其中玩具的误吞风险是目前玩具安全的最大隐患之一。为了全面、立体地发现产品潜在风险,我国正逐步推动产品伤害监测工作,通过产品伤害的调查和分析,支撑产品风险的控制与管理。本文基于广东省2017~2019年产品伤害监测数据,从人群、环境、产品3个因素出发,分析玩具误吞伤害的发生特征,并结合相关标准的规定和要求对各个因素分别进行风险分析,并有针对性地分别提出了干预建议,以预防和减少产品伤害的发生,为今后基于产品伤害监测的产品风险管理与质量安全防控工作提供有益参考。     

产品伤害监测标准化工作研究--基本术语

产品伤害监测作为发现产品伤害特征,防范产品伤害风险,减少产品伤害损失的重要手段,已为世界许多国家所采用。随着日益丰富的产品不断生产与应用,新概念、新词汇必将大量涌现,急需要用科学、统一的方法和定义来指称这些概念,以统一人们的思想认识和概念认知。本文分析了编制产品伤害监测术语的重要性,归纳了编制产品伤害监测术语的基本原则和方法,示例编制了若干产品伤害监测基本术语。     

产品伤害监测标准化工作研究

产品伤害监测是为有效捕捉产品伤害信息、快速锁定产品伤害典型案例,进而为国家制定产品安全风险预警、对缺陷产品实施召回提供决策支撑技术服务的,是国家对产品安全实施管理的一项基础性工作。本文通过分析产品伤害监测的地位作用,介绍了产品伤害监测工作的主要内容,提出了产品伤害监测标准化工作的着眼点,创新构建了产品伤害监测标准体系框架。     

中国传统文化对产品价值感知的作用

目的 为了让消费者更加有效地感知产品设计中的文化价值,让设计师更加有效地借助中国传统文化进行创意设计。方法 根据文化分层理论,分层次选取注重文化价值以及注重实用价值产品作为实验样本。基于产品的文化价值感知制作问卷,获得消费者对实验样本的文化价值感知满意度。通过对该数据的统计与分析,获得具有不同文化层次因素、不同产品类别与消费者文化感知满意度之间的关系。结论 消费者更容易感知以文化价值为主的产品的文化价值,消费者最满意中国传统文化以行为层形式应用于产品设计。在应用中国传统文化进行产品创意设计时,应该更加注重中国传统文化中行为层次的应用。     

中美消费品召回现状及模式对比分析

随着社会对消费品安全问题越来越重视,缺陷消费品召回已经成为产品质量提升和保护消费者人身与财产安全的重要措施。我国缺陷消费品召回制度起步较晚,为了进一步促进我国缺陷消费品召回管理工作的发展,本文基于2016-2020年消费品召回数据,从召回次数和数量、召回产品原产地、召回产品类别分布、缺陷及伤害类型等方面,对中美缺陷消费品召回情况进行对比分析,为完善我国缺陷消费品召回工作制度提供参考。     

浅析质量安全伤害信息监测系统的设计与应用

质量安全伤害信息监测是产品安全风险防控和产品缺陷管理的重要手段。本文采用软件工程方法,详细阐述了系统的设计,对系统功能模块进行了详细说明,最后对系统的应用产生的效益做了详细说明。本系统应用对产品伤害信息的采集、产品安全及潜在风险评估、产品伤害预警都提供了重要支撑,是加快我国产品伤害监测系统建设的重要内容,是建立健全产品伤害监测体系的有效手段。     

我国产品伤害风险评价方法初探

本文基于国家产品伤害信息监测系统的产品伤害监测数据,以“潜在的伤害严重性”与“发生伤害的可能性”为核心,提出了产品伤害风险评价的“FRS分析范式”,并探讨了产品伤害预警等级的划分。     

轴类零件二维工程图的特征识别方法

提出了轴类零件特征识别的方法.首先对特征进行了分类,接着建立了轴类零件的特征树模型,并且给出了实现该特征树模型的类结构;然后确定了主特征、辅助特征的识别原则和特征识别过程中的图形调整方法;最后描述了建立特征树的算法.在AutoCAD 2006环境下,以ObjectARX为开发工具,开发出了特征浏览器,实现了文中提出的原理和方法,以某典型轴类零件图为例进行了特征识别,识别效果良好.     

成人玩具中情感表达要素与用户认同心理关系研究

目的通过对人类的有效认知反应进行分类研究,以增加用户对产品的认同心理。方法从比较、分类的角度,分析多种设计表达手段与核心研究内容的关系。结论通过对特征元素的研究结果进行用户情感判定,得出用户对产品认同感的关键因素;通过设计手段进行人为心理调节,将用户深层需求显性化,增加产品获得成功的几率。     

浅析美国产品伤害监测体系

产品伤害是全球最为关注的市场风险和公共安全问题之一。美国作为全球最早建立产品伤害监测体系的国家,其国家电子伤害监测系统可提供来自医院急救室概率样本的具有统计意义的全国产品相关伤害估计值。基于伤害信息,美国消费品安全委员会经安全评价后制定有针对性的伤害预防措施,最大限度保护消费者安全。美国实践经验对于我国开展产品伤害监测工作有着重要的借鉴价值。     

Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China

The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power (PSP) stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.     

Differences in coagulation in clotting of vascular access in hemodialysis patients

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) thrombosis is a frequent cause of graft failure. We evaluated coagulation protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors in 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients with AVGs. The goal was to determine whether significant differences in protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors exist among dialysis patients requiring frequent AVG declot procedures vs. those who do not. Twenty HD patients were enrolled: 10 frequent clotters (>3 declots in the previous year) and 10 were nonclotters. Patients on antiplatelets or chronic anticoagulation were excluded. Laboratories were drawn pretreatment and heparinase was added to counteract any potential heparin effect. Coagulation protein concentrations including tissue factor (TF), thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F₁₊₂) were assayed. The time to clot onset was measured by force onset time (FOT). Platelet contractile force (PCF) measured the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, whereas clot rigidity was measured as clot elastic modulus (CEM). FOT, CEM, and PCF were measured by Hemodyne. Both groups had upregulation of the TF pathway, as TF, TAT, and F₁₊₂ levels were similarly increased over baseline levels. Hemodialysis patients with frequent AVG clotting had higher levels of both PCF and CEM compared with nonclotters. Additionally, the frequent clotters had a lower FOT relative to nonclotters, although both were considered in the normal range. Our study suggests that HD patients with recurrent AVG thrombotic events form clots with higher tensile strength compared with HD patients without recurrent graft thrombosis.     

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

While a general decreasing trend in the number of persons killed in a traffic crash involving a drinking driver has occurred in Canada since the 1980s, it is evident that much of this decrease occurred in the 1990s. Since 2002, less progress has been made as the number of persons killed in crashes involving drinking drivers remains high. To better understand the current situation, this paper describes trends in drinking and driving in Canada from 1998 to 2011 using multiple indicators based on data collected for the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) Road Safety Monitor (RSM), the National Opinion Poll on Drinking and Driving, and trends in alcohol-related crashes based on data collected for TIRF's national Fatality Database in Canada. There has been a continued and consistent decrease in the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver in Canada. This remains true when looking at the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver per 100,000 population and per 100,000 licensed drivers. This decreasing trend is also still apparent when considering the percentage of persons killed in a traffic crash in Canada involving a drinking driver although less pronounced. Data from the RSM further show that the percentage of those who reported driving after they thought they were over the legal limit has also declined. However, regardless of the apparent decreasing trend in drinking driving fatalities and behaviour, reductions have been relatively modest, and fatalities in crashes involving drivers who have consumed alcohol remain high at unacceptable levels.     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

离子液体中电沉积的研究进展

离子液体作为绿色溶剂和可设计性溶剂越来越受到重视.对电沉积来说,离子液体融合了高温熔盐和水溶液的优点.分别综述了AlCl3型离子液体、非AlCl3型离子液体和其他新型离子液体3类离子液体中电沉积的研究现状,在此基础上指出了目前尚存在的问题及今后的研究方向.采用离子液体进行电沉积能克服传统水溶液电沉积时存在的缺点,为电沉积领域找到了新的突破点,是一种很有应用前景的方法.     

高聚物银纹化的研究进展

结合最新的研究进展,对银纹引发、生长与断裂,银纹细观结构以及裂纹在银纹中的扩展等问题作了较全面的介绍和分析,对这一领域未来的研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

铁电陶瓷中电畴翻转研究进展

电畴为铁电陶瓷固有的独特微观组织特征之一,铁电陶瓷的许多性能均与其密切有关.综述了铁电陶瓷中的电畴结构,系统介绍了电场、机械作用引起的电畴翻转,概述了电畴翻转对铁电陶瓷断裂韧性的影响及其研究进展.     

Standardization in the Cultural Heritage in China

China has begun its standardization process in the cultural heritage since 1960.The standards contributed a lot to the development of the heritage conservation practices. In this paper, the author summaries the existing condition of standardization in the cultural heritages and museums field in China, and presents Standards for the Classification of Collected Cultural Heritages. Also this paper points out the problems which exist in the standardization in the cultural heritage, and gives the advice to solve these problems.