对术语标准的审查

为了统一概念和广泛地使用统一后的术语,制定一个术语标准是非常必要的。它不仅能够准确地传递知识,还能加快读者的理解速度,顺利地进行产品标准等的审议工作。我国已颁布了《确立术语的一般原则与方法》和《术语标准的编写规定》两项国家标准。制定和审查术语标准时,除依...     

浅析质量安全伤害信息监测系统的设计与应用

质量安全伤害信息监测是产品安全风险防控和产品缺陷管理的重要手段。本文采用软件工程方法,详细阐述了系统的设计,对系统功能模块进行了详细说明,最后对系统的应用产生的效益做了详细说明。本系统应用对产品伤害信息的采集、产品安全及潜在风险评估、产品伤害预警都提供了重要支撑,是加快我国产品伤害监测系统建设的重要内容,是建立健全产品伤害监测体系的有效手段。     

产品伤害监测标准化工作研究

产品伤害监测是为有效捕捉产品伤害信息、快速锁定产品伤害典型案例,进而为国家制定产品安全风险预警、对缺陷产品实施召回提供决策支撑技术服务的,是国家对产品安全实施管理的一项基础性工作。本文通过分析产品伤害监测的地位作用,介绍了产品伤害监测工作的主要内容,提出了产品伤害监测标准化工作的着眼点,创新构建了产品伤害监测标准体系框架。     

水利行业标准《水量计量设备基本技术条件》编制研究

通过对水资源取用水水量计量监测设备的产品现状、现行标准现状、现场实际应用现状的调研分析，结合当前水资源取用水水量计量监测工作的实际需求和特点，制定了水量计量监测设备的基本技术要求和试验要求标准，本文重点介绍标准研究与编制的背景和过程，阐述标准编制的必要性以及编制的原则和方法。     

《政府采购基本术语》标准编制思路初探

我国自1996年开始开展政府采购试点,经过16年的发展历程,已经初步建立起了具有中国特色的政府采购体系,但是,政府采购标准化工作尚属空白。在政府采购标准化工作中,《政府采购基本术语》是重要的基础性标准之一。本文将根据术语标准编制的通用经验,阐述《政府采购基本术语》标准编制的必要性,分析目前政府采购名词术语现状,提出《政府采购基本术语》标准编制的主要技术关键点。     

石化通用机械工程术语工作会议在合肥召开

<正>为落实建立机电部机械工程术语数据库,编制石化通用机械产品工程术语,机电部三司于1991年6月18日至19日在合肥召开了“关于编制石化通用机械产品工程术语工作会议”。有12个行业技术归口研究所的34名同志参加了会议。     

中国高标准农田建设评价“评什么”——《高标准农田建设评价规范》国家标准解读(一)

正高标准农田建设评价是强化高标准农田建设监测监管、促进国家高标准农田建设任务落实的一项重要手段。《高标准农田建设评价规范》国家标准旨在统一尺度,规范建设,为全国高标准农田建设提供统一的评价尺度和方法,统一度量衡。中国高标准农田建设评价"评什么"?根据《高标准农田建设评价规范》,该标准规定了基本概念,明确了评价范围和时点,特别是明确了评价对象和内容。《高标准农田建设评价规范》给出了高标准农田、高标准农田建设、建设任务、建设质量、工程质量、耕地质量、建设成效、建设管理、社会影响、高标准农田建设评价等基本术语,统一了高标准农田建设评价的有关概念。其中,高标准农田、高标准农田建设沿用了《高标准农田     

分类树在我国产品伤害特征分析中的应用研究

通过分析我国产品伤害监测概况,以产品类别为预测变量,以伤害发生原因、伤害部位和伤害性质等为因变量,构建了应用于我国产品伤害特征分析的分类树;以我国国家产品伤害信息监测系统（NISS）为数据来源,对2013年度9,957次家用日用品产品伤害数据进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,分类树通过Gini系数将具有相同伤害特征的产品类别进行分组,能够发掘产品伤害特征之间的隐性关系;递归式分层回归使产品伤害特征更加明显,树形图显示方式使产品伤害特征更加直观,为采取产品伤害干预措施提供了重要支撑。     

我国电力节能标准中术语和定义存在问题分析及建议

对我国电力节能标准和文献中的名词术语和定义进行了分析和研究,指出了现行电力节能标准中术语和定义存在的标准煤热值不统一、同一术语定义多样化、同一概念存在多个术语、术语歧义等问题,并对我国的电力节能术语标准化工作提出了建议。     

浅析美国产品伤害监测体系

产品伤害是全球最为关注的市场风险和公共安全问题之一。美国作为全球最早建立产品伤害监测体系的国家,其国家电子伤害监测系统可提供来自医院急救室概率样本的具有统计意义的全国产品相关伤害估计值。基于伤害信息,美国消费品安全委员会经安全评价后制定有针对性的伤害预防措施,最大限度保护消费者安全。美国实践经验对于我国开展产品伤害监测工作有着重要的借鉴价值。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...