储罐检验标准和检验技术探讨

储罐一旦发生事故,往往会引发中毒、火灾甚至爆炸,造成重大环境污染,对人身及财产安全构成严重威胁。全面而有效的检验技术是保障储罐安全运行的主要措施。本文归纳介绍了国内外应用相对广泛的储罐检验标准的要点,阐述了储罐声发射检验和漏磁检验的技术特点及相关标准规定,展开了储罐检验技术的探讨。     

石化系统常压储罐底板腐蚀失效与漏磁检测

常压储罐底板腐蚀失效是石化系统安全管理工作中不容忽视的安全隐患。本文重点介绍了储罐底板漏磁检测技术的现场应用案例,通过案例分析总结了石化系统储罐底板腐蚀失效的原因,证实了漏磁检测技术的可靠性及优越性,说明了漏磁检测技术对石化系统常压储罐底板腐蚀检测工作的指导意义。     

大型储罐不均匀沉降在线监测方法研究

大型储罐基础不均匀沉降是造成储罐结构破坏的主要原因之一[1],为了确保储罐的安全运行,对大型储罐进行不均匀沉降监测具有重要意义。本文首先分析了大型储罐产生基础不均匀沉降的主要原因[2]及其对储罐安全的影响,其次分析比较不均匀沉降监测传感器及其优缺点,初步提出了基于光纤光栅传感技术的大型储罐不均匀沉降在线监测方法,为开展大型储罐不均匀沉降在线监测系统设计提供了良好的技术基础。     

石油储罐工程安装技术研究

石油储罐工程的安装技术,是关系到它使用寿命和安全的关键。本文结合某10万m3石油储罐工程的实际,对石油储罐工程的安装技术进行了探讨。     

油气储罐损伤机理与安全检测技术

油气储罐是石油、石化工厂和接收站中使用较为广泛的核心设备。定期开展储罐的安全检测工作,并对其进行有效的保护,能够保证装置的安全、稳定、高效的运行。本文以储罐的损伤机理为基础,对储罐的安全检测技术进行了较为全面的综述介绍,对油气储罐的安全性检测给予技术支持,并对工厂储罐的管理和运行给予技术保障。     

在役储罐无损检测技术

本文通过说明储罐的腐蚀类型,介绍了在役储罐的无损检测技术,包括声发射检测技术、相控阵检测技术、漏磁检测技术及磁粉检测技术的原理及应用。通过比较各种技术的优点及局限性,可知综合运用多种检测技术对储罐进行检测最为有效。     

在役储罐无损检测技术

本文通过说明储罐的腐蚀类型,介绍了在役储罐的无损检测技术,包括声发射检测技术、相控阵检测技术、漏磁检测技术及磁粉检测技术的原理及应用。通过比较各种技术的优点及局限性,可知综合运用多种检测技术对储罐进行检测最为有效。     

常压储罐漏磁检测技术

常压储罐底板腐蚀具有随机性,腐蚀类型往往是均匀腐蚀加上点腐蚀,在最近几年中常压储罐的腐蚀检测技术已引起重视。本文对常压储罐罐底的腐蚀形式进行了分析,对漏磁检测技术的检测原理、检测方法进行了介绍,并简要阐述了常压储罐底板漏磁检测系统的现场应用情况。     

大型LNG储罐内罐双块壁板预制安装技术

我公司在施工某16.5万m3LNG全容式储罐建造过程中,为了改善作业环境、减少高空作业、缩短施工周期、确保储罐施工质量,我们对LNG储罐的内罐部分壁板安装采用了双块壁板预制安装技术。介绍了此技术的原理、施工流程、操作要点以及此技术与通常内罐壁板安装技术相比较的优点,此技术在国内建造LNG储罐中是首创,具有明显的技术、经济、安全优势,且降低了安全风险,使储罐安装质量得到很好控制;也为我国LNG储罐采用国产钢板建造时选用双块壁板设计、安装提供了实例。     

漏磁检测技术在储罐底板检测中的应用

介绍了储罐底板的形式、漏磁检测原理、储罐底板漏磁检测系统的特点,通过案例分析总结了此技术对储罐底板检修的意义。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。